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Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Nov 2023Resveratrol (Res), a polyphenol compound with strong biological activity, is widely used in medicinal and health products. In this study, an innovative resveratrol high...
Resveratrol (Res), a polyphenol compound with strong biological activity, is widely used in medicinal and health products. In this study, an innovative resveratrol high oleic peanut oil (Res-HOPO) was prepared utilizing self-developed cold pressing equipment and high oleic peanuts. The peanut roots were pretreated with four different methods, including ultra-fine crushing, ultrasound-treating, microwave-treating, and a combination of microwave-ultrasound-treating peanut roots. Under optimized conditions (microwave power of 15 W, ultrasound time of 28 min, and ultrasound power of 400 W), the Res-HOPO prepared by pretreating with a combination of microwave-ultrasound had the most Res (91.12 mg/kg). Except for the pretreated whole peanut roots, pretreating with microwave (40.49 mg/kg), ultrasound (39.03 mg/kg), and ultra-fine crushing of peanut root powder (22.57 mg/kg) resulted in the high Res content. The Res-HOPO had a satisfactory yield (40%), oleic acid content (74.05% ∼ 75.85%), no trans fatty acids, great physicochemical properties, higher nutritional value (4-fold increase in squalene and almost 10-fold increase in campesterol), an extended oxidation induction time (1.39 ∼ 22 times), and no heavy metals, pesticides, or aflatoxins. The four green pretreatment methods used for the preparation of Res-HOPO in this study were effective, which provided an innovative approach for developing nutritious and healthy edible oil.
Topics: Oleic Acid; Peanut Oil; Resveratrol; Oxidation-Reduction; Arachis
PubMed: 37852116
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106604 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Peanut meal (PM) is a by-product of extracting oil from peanut kernels. Although peanut meal contains protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and small amounts of... (Review)
Review
Peanut meal (PM) is a by-product of extracting oil from peanut kernels. Although peanut meal contains protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and small amounts of polyphenols and fiber, it has long been used as a feed in the poultry and livestock industries due to its coarse texture and unpleasant taste. It is less commonly utilized in the food processing industry. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research conducted on the deep processing of by-products from oil crops, resulting in the high-value processing and utilization of by-products from various oil crops. These include peanut meal, which undergoes treatments such as enzymatic hydrolysis in industries like food, chemical, and aquaculture. The proteins, lipids, polyphenols, fibers, and other components present in these by-products and hydrolysates can be incorporated into products for further utilization. This review focuses on the research progress in various fields, such as the food processing, breeding, and industrial fields, regarding the high-value utilization of peanut meal and its hydrolysates. The aim is to provide valuable insights and strategies for maximizing the utilization of peanut meal resources.
Topics: Arachis; Plant Breeding; Food Handling; Protein Hydrolysates; Food-Processing Industry; Polyphenols
PubMed: 37836705
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196862 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Peanut ( L.) is an important oil and cash crop. An efficient utilization of saline-alkali soil resources, the development of peanut planting in saline-alkali soil, and...
Peanut ( L.) is an important oil and cash crop. An efficient utilization of saline-alkali soil resources, the development of peanut planting in saline-alkali soil, and obtaining high and stable yield have become urgent needs to ensure peanut production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to develop the potential productivity of host plants and improve their salt resistance and tolerance. However, there is still limited research on promoting the growth and morphology of peanut roots. Therefore, in this study, seeds of salt-tolerant peanut variety "HY 25" were coated with commercial AMF inoculant before being planted in saline-alkali and normal soils to investigate the effects of AMF on peanut root growth and rhizosphere soil. The results showed that root morphological characteristics were significantly increased by the use of AMF at the podding stage in saline-alkali soil and from the flowering and pegging stage to the maturity stage in normal soil. Of note, the total root volume of peanut inoculated with AMF significantly increased by 31.57% during the podding stage in saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, AMF significantly increased the phosphatase and invertase activities in the peanut rhizosphere of saline-alkali soil from the flowering stage to maturity stage and soil CAT activity at the maturity stage (41.16~48.82%). In normal soil, soil phosphatase and urease activities were enhanced by AMF at the flowering stage and the podding stage, respectively. AMF also increased the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and hydrolysable nitrogen, but decreased soil EC in saline-alkali soil. In addition to the significant increase in soil available phosphorus content, AMF had no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and other soil nutrients in normal soil. AMF significantly increased pod biomass and yield in saline-alkali soil and normal soil, and improved their agronomic characteristics. In conclusion, peanut seeds coated with AMF improved the root morphological characteristics of peanuts and improved the physical and chemical properties in peanut rhizosphere, especially in saline-alkali soil. The process of rhizosphere soil nutrient transformation was also enhanced. Finally, AMF improved plant agronomic traits to increase the pod yield (16.5~21.9%). This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the application of AMF in peanut production in saline-alkali soil.
PubMed: 37836166
DOI: 10.3390/plants12193426 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Peanut oil body emulsion occurs during the process of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE). The free oil is difficult to release and extract because its structure is...
Peanut oil body emulsion occurs during the process of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE). The free oil is difficult to release and extract because its structure is stable and not easily destroyed. Demulsification can release free oil in an oil body emulsion, so various fatty acids were selected for the demulsification. Changes in the amount of heptanoic acid added, solid-liquid ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time were adopted to investigate demulsification, and the technological conditions of demulsification were optimized. While the optimal conditions were the addition of 1.26% of heptanoic acid, solid-liquid ratio of 1:3.25, reaction temperature of 72.7 °C, and reaction time of 55 min, the maximum free oil yield was (95.84 ± 0.19)%. The analysis of the fatty acid composition and physicochemical characterization of peanut oils extracted using four methods were studied during the AEE process. Compared with the amount of oil extracted via other methods, the unsaturated fatty acids of oils extracted from demulsification with heptanoic acid contained 78.81%, which was significantly higher than the other three methods. The results of physicochemical characterization indicated that the oil obtained by demulsification with heptanoic acid had a higher quality. According to the analysis of the amino acid composition, the protein obtained using AEE was similar to that of commercial peanut protein powder (CPPP). However, the essential amino acid content of proteins extracted via AEE was significantly higher than that of CPPP. The capacity of water (oil) holding, emulsifying activity, and foaming properties of protein obtained via AEE were better than those for CPPP. Overall, heptanoic acid demulsification is a potential demulsification method, thus, this work provides a new idea for the industrial application of simultaneous separation of oil and proteins via AEE.
PubMed: 37835176
DOI: 10.3390/foods12193523 -
Pilot and Feasibility Studies Oct 2023Smell loss is a common problem with an estimated 5% of the population having no functioning sense of smell. Viral causes of smell loss are the second most common cause...
A double-blinded randomised controlled trial of vitamin A drops to treat post-viral olfactory loss: study protocol for a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in post-viral olfactory loss (APOLLO).
BACKGROUND
Smell loss is a common problem with an estimated 5% of the population having no functioning sense of smell. Viral causes of smell loss are the second most common cause and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is estimated to have caused 20,000 more people this year to have a lasting loss of smell. Isolation, depression, anxiety, and risk of danger from hazards such as toxic gas and spoiled food are all negative impacts. It also affects appetite with weight loss/gain in two-thirds of those affected. Phantosmia or smell distortion can also occur making most foods seem unpalatable. Smell training has been tried with good results in the immediate post-viral phase. Evidence behind treatment with steroids has not shown to have proven effectiveness. With this, a key problem for patients and their clinicians is the lack of proven effective therapeutic treatment options. Based on previous studies, there is some evidence supporting the regenerative potential of retinoic acid, the metabolically active form of vitamin A in the regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons. It is based on this concept that we have chosen vitamin A as our study comparator.
AIM
To undertake a two-arm randomised trial of intranasally delivered vitamin A vs no intervention to determine proof of concept.
METHODS/DESIGN
The study will compare 10,000 IU once daily Vitamin A self-administered intranasal drops versus peanut oil drops (placebo) delivered over 12 weeks in patients with post-viral olfactory loss. Potentially eligible patients will be recruited from the Smell & Taste Clinic and via the charity Fifth Sense. They will be invited to attend the Brain Imaging Centre at the University of East Anglia on two occasions, 3 months apart. If they meet the eligibility criteria, they will be consented to enter the study and randomised to receive vitamin A drops or no treatment in a 2:1 ratio. MRI scanning will enable volumetric measurement of the OB and ROS; fMRI will then be conducted using an olfactometer to deliver pulsed odours-phenethylalcohol (rose-like) and hydrogen sulphide (rotten eggs). Participants will also perform a standard smell test at both visits as well as complete a quality-of-life questionnaire. Change in OB volume will be the primary outcome measure.
DISCUSSION
We expect the outputs of this study to enable a subsequent randomised controlled trial of Vitamin A versus placebo. With PPI input we will make the outputs publicly available using journals, conferences, and social media via Fifth Sense. We have already prepared a draft RCT proposal in partnership with the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit and plan to develop this further in light of the findings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN registry 39523. Date of registration in the primary registry: 23rd February 2021.
PubMed: 37828592
DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01402-2 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2023(peanut) is a leading oil and protein-providing crop with a major food source in many countries. It is mostly grown in tropical regions and is largely affected by...
(peanut) is a leading oil and protein-providing crop with a major food source in many countries. It is mostly grown in tropical regions and is largely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) is a family of transmembrane proteins that play important roles in regulating stress-signaling and defense mechanisms, enabling plants to tolerate stress conditions. However, almost no information is available regarding this gene family in and its progenitors. This study conducts a pangenome-wide investigation of and its two progenitors, and genes (, , and ). The gene structure, conserved motif patterns, phylogenetic history, chromosomal distribution, and duplication were studied in detail, showing the intraspecies structural conservation and evolutionary patterns. Promoter -elements, protein-protein interactions, GO enrichment, and miRNA targets were also predicted, showing their potential functional conservation. Their expression in salt and drought stresses was also comprehensively studied. The CRKs identified were divided into three groups, phylogenetically. The expansion of this gene family in peanuts was caused by both types of duplication: tandem and segmental. Furthermore, positive as well as negative selection pressure directed the duplication process. The peanut genes were also enriched in hormones, light, development, and stress-related elements. MicroRNA (miRNA) also targeted the genes, which suggests the regulatory association of miRNAs in the expression of these genes. Transcriptome datasets showed that have varying expression levels under different abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, the multi-stress responsiveness of the genes was evaluated using a machine learning-based method, Random Forest (RF) classifier. The 3D structures of were also predicted. Our study can be utilized in developing a detailed understanding of the stress regulatory mechanisms of the gene family in peanuts and its further studies to improve the genetic makeup of peanuts to thrive better under stress conditions.
PubMed: 37799143
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1252020 -
Molecular Breeding : New Strategies in... Oct 2023Population and genotype data are essential for genetic mapping. The multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population is a permanent mapping population used...
UNLABELLED
Population and genotype data are essential for genetic mapping. The multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population is a permanent mapping population used for precisely mapping quantitative trait loci. Moreover, genotyping-by-target sequencing (GBTS) is a robust high-throughput genotyping technology characterized by its low cost, flexibility, and limited requirements for information management and support. In this study, an 8-way MAGIC population was constructed using eight elite founder lines. In addition, GenoBaits Peanut 40K was developed and utilized for the constructed MAGIC population. A subset (297 lines) of the MAGIC population at the S2 stage was genotyped using GenoBaits Peanut 40K. Furthermore, these lines and the eight parents were analyzed in terms of pod length, width, area, and perimeter. A total of 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were revealed to be significantly associated with peanut pod size-related traits according to a genome-wide association study. The GenoBaits Peanut 40K provided herein and the constructed MAGIC population will be applicable for future research to identify the key genes responsible for important peanut traits.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01417-w.
PubMed: 37786866
DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01417-w -
Genes Sep 2023The cultivated peanut ( L.) is a significant oil and cash crop globally. Hundred-pod and -seed weight are important components for peanut yield. To unravel the genetic...
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for Hundred-Pod and Hundred-Seed Weight under Seven Environments in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population of Cultivated Peanut ( L.).
The cultivated peanut ( L.) is a significant oil and cash crop globally. Hundred-pod and -seed weight are important components for peanut yield. To unravel the genetic basis of hundred-pod weight (HPW) and hundred-seed weight (HSW), in the current study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 188 individuals was developed from a cross between JH5 (JH5, large pod and seed weight) and M130 (small pod and seed weight), and was utilized to identify QTLs for HPW and HSW. An integrated genetic linkage map was constructed by using SSR, AhTE, SRAP, TRAP and SNP markers. This map consisted of 3130 genetic markers, which were assigned to 20 chromosomes, and covered 1998.95 cM with an average distance 0.64 cM. On this basis, 31 QTLs for HPW and HSW were located on seven chromosomes, with each QTL accounting for 3.7-10.8% of phenotypic variance explained (PVE). Among these, seven QTLs were detected under multiple environments, and two major QTLs were found on B04 and B08. Notably, a QTL hotspot on chromosome A08 contained seven QTLs over a 2.74 cM genetic interval with an 0.36 Mb physical map, including 18 candidate genes. Of these, , , , and might play a role in modulating peanut pod and seed weight. These findings could facilitate further research into the genetic mechanisms influencing pod and seed weight in cultivated peanut.
Topics: Humans; Quantitative Trait Loci; Arachis; Chromosome Mapping; Genetic Markers; Seeds
PubMed: 37761932
DOI: 10.3390/genes14091792 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023In this study, the internal relationships among oil bodies (OBs), the protein-phospholipid interactions in aqueous phase, oil-water interface behavior, and the stability...
In this study, the internal relationships among oil bodies (OBs), the protein-phospholipid interactions in aqueous phase, oil-water interface behavior, and the stability of reconstituted OBs were analyzed from the bulk phase, interface, and macro perspectives, and the stability mechanism of OBs was discussed. OB proteins and phospholipids were combined through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, resulting in the stretching of protein conformation. OB proteins and phospholipids act synergistically to increase interface pressure and the rate of increase in interface pressure with relatively stable elastic behavior, which is beneficial to the formation and stability of interfacial films. When OBs were reconstituted by an OB protein-phospholipid complex system, phospholipids bound to OB proteins through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. OB proteins and phospholipids uniformly covered the oil droplet surface of reconstituted OBs to form a stable interfacial film, which maintained the stability of OBs. The addition of phospholipids significantly reduced the particle size of OBs prepared by OB proteins in a dose-dependent manner, and particle size decreased with the increase in phospholipid content ( < 0.05). Phospholipids increased the net surface charge, enhanced electrostatic repulsion, and improved the physicochemical stability of reconstituted OBs. The stability mechanism elucidated in this study provides a theoretical basis for the demulsification of peanut OBs.
PubMed: 37761154
DOI: 10.3390/foods12183446 -
Cells Sep 2023() controls the conversion of oleic acids into linoleic acids. Mutations in not only increase the high-oleic content, but also repress the leaf growth. However, the...
() controls the conversion of oleic acids into linoleic acids. Mutations in not only increase the high-oleic content, but also repress the leaf growth. However, the mechanism by which regulates the growth pathway has not been elucidated in peanut leaves with single-cell resolution. In this study, we isolated mutant leaf protoplast cells to perform single-cell RNA sequencing. Approximately 24,988 individual cells with 10,249 expressed genes were classified into five major cell types. A comparative analysis of 3495 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in distinct cell types demonstrated that inhibited the expression of the cytokinin synthesis gene in vascular cells, thereby repressing leaf growth. Further, pseudo-time trajectory analysis indicated that repressed leaf cell differentiation, and cell-cycle evidence displayed that perturbed the normal cell cycle to induce the majority of cells to drop into the S phase. Additionally, important transcription factors were filtered from the DEG profiles that connected the network involved in high-oleic acid accumulation (), activated the hormone pathway (, ), and potentially regulated leaf growth (, , ). Collectively, our study describes different gene atlases in high-oleic and normal peanut seedling leaves, providing novel biological insights to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the high-oleic peanut-associated agronomic trait at the single-cell level.
Topics: Arachis; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis; Mutation; Oleic Acid
PubMed: 37759528
DOI: 10.3390/cells12182305