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Heliyon May 2024A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing strain JC30 was isolated from traditional kimchi, which was identified as by 16S rDNA sequencing. . JC30 was highly tolerant to...
A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing strain JC30 was isolated from traditional kimchi, which was identified as by 16S rDNA sequencing. . JC30 was highly tolerant to acid, bile salt, and high temperatures. The survival rate of JC30 in MRS medium (pH 2.5) for 3 h was 60.96 %. Furthermore, the survival rate of JC30 in MRS medium with 3 mg/mL bile salt for 24 h was 86.62 %. The survival rate of JC30 in MRS medium at 56 °C and 58 °C for 10 min was 97.17 % and 78.20 %, respectively. When 2 % v/v JC30 (8.0 log10 CFU/mL) was added to prepare sourdough and the sourdough was then used to make bread, the bread had a higher specific volume (5.13 ± 0.12 mL/g) and GABA content (3.32 ± 0.04 mg/g DW) than the control.
PubMed: 38803853
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31236 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024This study was conducted to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with forage plants in the native grassland...
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Associated with Forage Plants in the Native Grassland of Western Inner Mongolia and Their Application for Alfalfa Silage Fermentation.
This study was conducted to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with forage plants in the native grassland of western Inner Mongolia and to evaluate their effects on alfalfa silage fermentation. Forage plants and their spontaneous fermentation silages were analysed using culture-based techniques for LAB isolation; the phenotypic properties and 16S rDNA and S or A gene sequences of the isolates were evaluated; alfalfa was ensiled with four additive combinations: subsp. (GI19), subsp. and (GI19+GI51), GI19 and 20 g/kg fresh matter of sucrose (GI19+S), and GI19+GI51+S, for 60 d. A total of 73 strains belonging to 16 species were isolated. All isolates grew at 5-45 °C and in 3.0% NaCl, and most of them grew in 6.5% NaCl. and were 26.03% and 17.81% of the total isolates, respectively. All additives improved the silage quality, while GI19+S was more effective for alfalfa ensiling with a higher lactic acid content and lower pH, undesirable microorganism counts, and acetic acid and NH-N contents than remnant additives. In conclusion, the LAB species were diverse, and most of them possessed good cryotolerance and osmotolerance; GI19+S was the optimal inoculant for alfalfa fermentation improvement.
PubMed: 38791612
DOI: 10.3390/ani14101394 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The search for new substances of natural origin, such as flavonoids, is necessary in the fight against the growing number of diseases and bacterial resistance to...
The search for new substances of natural origin, such as flavonoids, is necessary in the fight against the growing number of diseases and bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In our research, we wanted to check the influence of flavonoids with chlorine or bromine atoms and a nitro group on pathogenic and probiotic bacteria. We synthesized flavonoids using Claisen-Schmidt condensation and its modifications, and through biotransformation via entomopathogenic filamentous fungi, we obtained their glycoside derivatives. Biotransformation yielded two new flavonoid glycosides: 8-amino-6-chloroflavone 4'---D-(4″--methyl)-glucopyranoside and 6-bromo-8-nitroflavone 4'---D-(4″--methyl)-glucopyranoside. Subsequently, we checked the antimicrobial properties of the aforementioned aglycon flavonoid compounds against pathogenic and probiotic bacteria and yeast. Our studies revealed that flavones have superior inhibitory effects compared to chalcones and flavanones. Notably, 6-chloro-8-nitroflavone showed potent inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. Conversely, flavanones 6-chloro-8-nitroflavanone and 6-bromo-8-nitroflavanone stimulated the growth of probiotic bacteria ( and ). Our research has shown that the presence of chlorine, bromine, and nitro groups has a significant effect on their antimicrobial properties.
Topics: Flavonoids; Chlorine; Biotransformation; Bromine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38791577
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105540 -
Bioresources and Bioprocessing May 2024Biodetoxification fungus selectively degrades toxic inhibitors generated from pretreatment of lignocellulose without consuming fermentable sugars. However, one barrier...
Biodetoxification fungus selectively degrades toxic inhibitors generated from pretreatment of lignocellulose without consuming fermentable sugars. However, one barrier for practical application is the sustained cell viability in the consequent fermentation step to compete the fermentable sugars with fermenting strains, resulting in sugar loss and reduced target product yield. This study investigated the competitive growth property between the biodetoxification fungus Paecilomyces variotii FN89 and the L-lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici ZY271 under varying temperature and lactic acid osmatic stress. The results show that the L-lactic acid bacterium Ped. acidilactici ZY271 showed less thermotolerance to Pae. variotii FN89 at high temperature of 45 °C to 50 °C in both synthetic medium and wheat straw hydrolysate. In the higher temperature environment, the growth of the biodetoxification strian failed to compete with the lactic acid fermentation strain and was quickly eliminated from the fermentation system. The high temperature fermentation facilitated a fast transition from the detoxification stage to the fermentation stage for higher production of L-lactic acid.
PubMed: 38780813
DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00772-6 -
BMC Microbiology May 2024Spontaneous fermentation of cereals like millet involves a diverse population of microbes from various sources, including raw materials, processing equipment, fermenting...
Spontaneous fermentation of cereals like millet involves a diverse population of microbes from various sources, including raw materials, processing equipment, fermenting receptacles, and the environment. Here, we present data on the predominant microbial species and their succession at each stage of the Hausa koko production process from five regions of Ghana. The isolates were enumerated using selective media, purified, and phenotypically characterised. The LAB isolates were further characterised by 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing, typed using (GTG) repetitive-PCR, and whole genome sequencing, while 28S rRNA Sanger sequencing was performed for yeast identification. The pH of the millet grains ranged from mean values of 6.02-6.53 to 3.51-3.99 in the final product, depending on the processors. The mean LAB and yeast counts increased during fermentation then fell to final counts of log 2.77-3.95 CFU/g for LAB and log 2.10-2.98 CFU/g for yeast in Hausa koko samples. At the various processing stages, the counts of LAB and yeast revealed significant variations (p < 0.0001). The species of LAB identified in this study were Limosilactobacillus pontis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis, and Weissella confusa. The yeasts were Saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, Clavispora lusitaniae and Candida tropicalis. The identification and sequencing of these novel isolates and how they change during the fermentation process will pave the way for future controlled fermentation, safer starter cultures, and identifying optimal stages for starter culture addition or nutritional interventions. These LAB and yeast species are linked to many indigenous African fermented foods, potentially acting as probiotics in some cases. This result serves as the basis for further studies into the technological and probiotic potential of these Hausa koko microorganisms.
Topics: Fermentation; Ghana; Yeasts; Food Microbiology; Fermented Foods; Millets; Lactobacillales; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Edible Grain
PubMed: 38745280
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03317-1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024This study aimed to study the characterization and the potential lipid-lowering effects of new isolated lactic acid bacteria from the feces of healthy adult cats.
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to study the characterization and the potential lipid-lowering effects of new isolated lactic acid bacteria from the feces of healthy adult cats.
METHODS
We collected 85 cat fecal samples, isolated, screening lactic acid bacteria strains from samples, and investigated their and biological properties.
RESULTS
A total of 221 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from 85 cat fecal samples. Sixteen strains with calcium dissolution rings greater than 1 mm were identified and selected for further characterization. Three lactic acid bacteria strains, L-27-2, L-14-1, and , were identified as showing the most promising rates of cholesterol degradation (greater than 20%) and bacteriostatic radius (over 15 mm). These three strains exhibited robust growth and adherence to epithelial cells, along with adaptability to low pH (greater than 70%) and high bile salt conditions (greater than 60%), and remarkable cholesterol degradation and anti-pathogen activity. Sixteen mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) from 4 to 8 weeks of age, while a control group of the same size received a normal diet (ND). At 8 weeks of age, serum, feces and adipose tissue were collected. The results showed that, compared with mice fed an HFD diet alone, all mice fed an HFD diet plus lactic acid bacteria could decrease weight gain. < 0.05 and the pathological changes of adipose tissue were alleviated. In addition, mice fed L-14-1 and F203 showed abdominal fat accumulation decreased ( < 0.05). Mice fed L-27-2 showed serum and liver triglyceride (TG) decreased ( < 0.05) and mice fed F203 showed serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased ( < 0.01). mice fed L-27-2 and L-14-1 showed inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) was decreased ( < 0.01) Analysis of the fecal microbiota of mice fed these three lactic acid bacteria strains revealed alterations in the gut microbial community. There were common changes in intestinal microbes in mice fed these three lactic acid bacteria: (1) decreased; (2) increased; (3) decreased. The microbes mentioned are all part of the core intestinal flora.
DISCUSSION
This study provided three potential lactic acid bacteria for alleviating animal obesity and inflammation.
PubMed: 38721604
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392864 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of and molasses on the nutrient composition, fermentation quality, bacterial count, aerobic stability,...
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of and molasses on the nutrient composition, fermentation quality, bacterial count, aerobic stability, and microflora of alfalfa silage in sandy grasslands. The experimental treatments included control (CK), 10 CFU/g (L), 5% molasses (M), and 10 CFU/g + 5% molasses (LM). The nutrient composition, fermentation quality, bacterial count, aerobic stability, and microflora were determined after 14 days and 56 days of ensiling, respectively. The results showed that the addition of L, M, and LM reduced dry matter loss (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and increased water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and ether extract (EE) content, compared to the CK group. Meanwhile, more lactic acid (LA) and accelerated fermentation were observed, causing the pH value to drop below 4.5 in the L, M, and LM groups after 56 days of ensiling. The addition of L, M, and LM promoted lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and inhibited yeast. The addition of L significantly increased the content of acetic acid (AA). In terms of microflora, the addition of L, M, and LM made become the dominant bacterial phylum earlier, while , and had a higher abundance. According to the result of Pearson's correlation, there is a very significant negative correlation between pH value and ( < 0.01) and a very significant positive correlation between pH value and , and ( < 0.01), which may be inhibited by under the decreased pH value. The results of the prediction of microbial genes indicated that the addition of M could enhance the carbohydrate metabolism and membrane transport metabolism, which may contribute to LA production by LAB metabolism. In general, L, M and LM all improved the fermentation quality and reduced the loss of nutrients to varying degrees, but considering the fermentation quality, the overall effects of M and LM were better than L. M and LM are recommended to be used as silage additives in the process of alfalfa silage in sandy grasslands to improve the quality.
PubMed: 38716171
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358085 -
Cureus Apr 2024Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being used in the management of severe aortic stenosis, mainly in older and/or medically compromised...
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being used in the management of severe aortic stenosis, mainly in older and/or medically compromised patients, due to its minimally invasive nature. As in any valve replacement procedure, endocarditis is a recognized complication, more so in TAVI patients, in whom comorbidities are highly prevalent. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a history of liver cirrhosis and a recent TAVI, who presented with recurrent fever and sustained bacteremia. The diagnosis of endocarditis was delayed, as the microorganism was initially discarded as a contaminant, given that are rarely described as human pathogens. However, in cirrhotic patients, microbiota may cause intermittent bacteremia and thereby affect prosthetic valves. Transthoracic echocardiography was not helpful in validating the diagnosis, as is often the case in TAVI patients. Transesophageal echocardiography was deemed perilous, due to esophageal varices complicating the underlying cirrhosis. Therefore, endocarditis diagnosis was based on sustained bacteremia and Duke's criteria, including the presence of high fever, a predisposing cardiac lesion, splenic infarction, and the exclusion of an alternative diagnosis. Moreover, cirrhosis enhanced the side effects of treatment and led to the need for regimen changes and prolonged hospitalization. Given the precariousness of the situation, confirmation of treatment success by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) scan was sought. This is the first reported case of TAVI endocarditis in a cirrhotic patient, highlighting the unique challenges in the diagnosis and management of TAVI endocarditis in patients with co-existing conditions.
PubMed: 38707070
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57509 -
Poultry Science Apr 2024Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation...
Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation and promotes the invasion of gram-negative bacteria, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, dietary inclusion of the antioxidant compound, ethoxyquin (EQ), could improve enteric antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier, and maintain the symbiotic gut microbiota community. To investigate the effects of EQ supplementation on alleviating enteric oxidative stress in heat-stressed broilers, 200 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 50 chicks/group; n = 10 chicks/replicate) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CT), 50 (EQ-50), 100 (EQ-100), and 200 (EQ-200) mg EQ/ kg for 5 wk. The chicks were raised in floor pens inside the broiler farm at a temperature and humidity index (THI) of 29 from d 21 to d 35. Growth performance traits, relative organ index, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, serum immunity, total adenylate, and cytokine activities were improved in the EQ-50 group (linear or quadratic P < 0.05), promoting the relative mRNA expression of cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors. A distinct microbial community colonised the gut microbiota in the EQ-50 group, with a high relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Pediococcus, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium compared to the other groups. Dietary supplementation with 50 mg EQ/ kg for 5 wk attenuates enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation by enhancing serum immune and cytokine content (IgG, IL-6, and TGF-β,) and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers. EQ promotes the expression of Hsp70, SOD2, GPx 4, IL-6, and IGF-1 cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors in heat-stressed hepatic broilers. Collectively, EQ-50 could be a suitable feed supplement for attenuating enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, thereby promoting the productivity of heat-stressed broilers.
PubMed: 38692088
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103761 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Among the reduction strategies in poultry production, one option is to use a vaccine. The aim of vaccinating layer flocks is to reduce the shedding of wild-type in...
Among the reduction strategies in poultry production, one option is to use a vaccine. The aim of vaccinating layer flocks is to reduce the shedding of wild-type in the poultry environment, thereby reducing the contamination of poultry products (eggs and meat). Nutritive diluent and a higher dose of vaccine may enhance its colonization potential in the gut of chickens. In this study, a commercially available live attenuated vaccine (Vaxsafe ST) was reconstituted in different media and delivered orally to day-old chicks at three different doses (10, 10, and 10 CFU/chick). Gut colonization of the vaccine strain and the effects of vaccination on gut microbiota were assessed in commercial-layer chickens. The vaccine diluent and dosage minimally affected microbiota alpha diversity. Microbiota beta diversity was significantly different (P < 0.05) based on the vaccine diluent and dose, which indicated that the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens had different gut microbial communities. Differences were noted in the abundance of several genera, including , and . The abundance of was significantly lower in chickens that received vaccine reconstituted in Marek's and water diluents, while abundance was significantly lower in the water group. The highest vaccine dose (10 CFU/chick) did not significantly alter ( > 0.05) the abundance of microbial genera. Chicken age affected the microbiota composition more significantly than the vaccine dose and diluent. The abundance of , and was significantly higher on day 14 compared with day 7 post-vaccination. The Typhimurium vaccine load in the caeca was not significantly affected by diluent and vaccine dose; however, it was significantly lower ( < 0.0001) on day 14 compared with day 7 post-vaccination. Overall, the . Typhimurium vaccine minimally affected the gut microbiota structure of layer chicks, whereas changes in microbiota were more significant with chicken age.
PubMed: 38686027
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364731