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Journal of Nanobiotechnology Aug 2022Injuries to the urethra can be caused by malformations, trauma, inflammation, or carcinoma, and reconstruction of the injured urethra is still a significant challenge in... (Review)
Review
Injuries to the urethra can be caused by malformations, trauma, inflammation, or carcinoma, and reconstruction of the injured urethra is still a significant challenge in clinical urology. Implanting grafts for urethroplasty and end-to-end anastomosis are typical clinical interventions for urethral injury. However, complications and high recurrence rates remain unsatisfactory. To address this, urethral tissue engineering provides a promising modality for urethral repair. Additionally, developing tailor-made biomimetic natural and synthetic grafts is of great significance for urethral reconstruction. In this work, tailor-made biomimetic natural and synthetic grafts are divided into scaffold-free and scaffolded grafts according to their structures, and the influence of different graft structures on urethral reconstruction is discussed. In addition, future development and potential clinical application strategies of future urethral reconstruction grafts are predicted.
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Tissue Engineering; Urethra; Urethral Stricture
PubMed: 36045428
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01599-z -
Indian Journal of Urology : IJU :... 2022
Author reply Re: Kandasamy SG, Chandran KR, Pooleri GK. Minimal invasive approaches in lymph node management of carcinoma of penis: A review. Indian J Urol. 2022;38:15-21.
PubMed: 35983117
DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_133_22 -
Indian Journal of Urology : IJU :... 2022
PubMed: 35983105
DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_88_22 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jul 2022Metastasis to the penis is an unusual event, and penile metastasis from rectal carcinoma (PMRC) is extremely rare and associated with a dismal prognosis. Thus far,...
BACKGROUND
Metastasis to the penis is an unusual event, and penile metastasis from rectal carcinoma (PMRC) is extremely rare and associated with a dismal prognosis. Thus far, approximately 80 cases have been reported.
CASE SUMMARY
Herein, we report the case of a 49-year-old man with PMRC. The patient presented to the urology clinic with a complaint of penile pain during urination. The patient underwent the Dixon operation for rectal carcinoma 2 mo before the presentation. During hospitalisation, abdominal computed tomography revealed a nodular lesion on the left penis. The postoperative pathological examination revealed a typical intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. Previous cases of PMRC were retrieved from PubMed to characterise the clinicopathological features and identify the prognostic factors of PMRC.
CONCLUSION
The analysis suggested that approximately 24 mo is the median time to metastasis occurrence and 150 d is the survival time after diagnosis. Furthermore, poor pathological differentiation, lymph node involvement of the primary RC, metastasis time < 6 mo, penile metastatic nodule diameter > 1 cm, and treatment abandonment are negative predictors of survival outcomes. Close follow-up, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy may potentially improve the prognosis of patients.
PubMed: 35979281
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6609 -
BMC Urology Aug 2022The periurethral mass in the female is a rare clinical entity and most of the lesions are benign. We present an unusual case of a periurethral mass found to be...
BACKGROUND
The periurethral mass in the female is a rare clinical entity and most of the lesions are benign. We present an unusual case of a periurethral mass found to be intestinal-type adenocarcinoma which has not been previously reported in the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 58-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with acute urinary retention. She complained of frequency, urgency and progressive obstructive urinary symptoms for the last 3 months. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a soft tissue mass of 5 × 4 cm surrounding the entire urethra. A needle biopsy was done and revealed adenocarcinoma with intestinal-type features. The tumor was removed by a simultaneous laparoscopic abdominal and transperineal approach. The pathological results showed a positive surgical margin and urethra and vagina wall invasion. The neoplastic cells were positive for CK20, CDX-2, CerbB-2, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2 and P53. The patient received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy comprising S-1 and oxaliplatin. Follow-up with pelvic MRI 6 months after surgery showed no signs of local recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
We have reported the first case of the primary periurethral adenocarcinoma of intestinal type. There are currently no standardized protocols for the diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of this rare tumor. This case study can aid decision-making regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this tumor.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Urethra; Urinary Retention
PubMed: 35915492
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01077-6 -
Eplasty 2022Surgical procedures for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis generally involve primary closure, partial glansectomy, skin graft, and penile amputation. Partial penile...
Surgical procedures for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis generally involve primary closure, partial glansectomy, skin graft, and penile amputation. Partial penile resection can result in not only unsightly deformation of the penis but also functional disorders of the urinary line as well as psychological effects due to subjective perceptions of a loss of power and masculinity. With the use of an organ-preserving procedure for functional reconstruction without compromising oncological control, this report describes a new procedure for performing functional penile reconstruction with an auricular cartilage composite graft.
PubMed: 35903427
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSC) is a rare disease with limited information on the molecular events leading to malignant transformation. In a third of PSC...
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSC) is a rare disease with limited information on the molecular events leading to malignant transformation. In a third of PSC cases, presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) is found. The APOBEC3 family of proteins is known to play a significant role in defense against HPV infection, but their role in PSC is largely unknown. In this study, we aim to assess mRNA expression levels of APOBEC3 family members in HPV+ and HPV- PSC to get insight into their association with clinicopathological features and to evaluate their prognostic impact. Expression levels of six APOBEC3 family members in tissue from 50 patients with PSC were determined by RT-PCR and correlated with clinical and histopathological features. Lower expression of APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3C was observed in advanced PSC stages. Except for APOBEC3D, HPV+ samples showed higher expression of APOBEC3s compared to HPV- samples. In univariate analyses, APOBEC3A and APOBEC3C expression tended to be associated with disease-free survival and APOBEC3A expression with overall survival; however, multivariable analyses failed to confirm these associations with outcome. More extensive external validation and functional laboratory studies are needed to evaluate further their role in PSC development and progression.
Topics: APOBEC Deaminases; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytidine Deaminase; Humans; Male; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Penis; Prognosis
PubMed: 35902635
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17056-8 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2022Human Papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. In recent years,... (Review)
Review
Human Papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to control HPV-induced diseases using either prophylactic or therapeutic approaches. A critical review of the literature about the therapeutic Human Papillomavirus vaccine was performed to analyze its efficacy in the treatment of female lower genital tract lesions and its possible perspective application in clinical practice. The most important medical databases were consulted, and all papers published from 2000 until 2021 were considered. We retrieved a group of seven papers, reporting the role of anti HPV therapeutic vaccines against the L2 protein in the order of their efficacy and safety in female lower genital tract disease. In addition, the immune response due to vaccine administration was evaluated. The development of therapeutic vaccines represents an interesting challenge for the treatment of HPV infection of the lower genital tract. Literature data underline that the L2 protein may be an interesting and promising target in the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines, but the possible strengths and the unclear longevity of L2 immune responses are factors to be considered before clinical use.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaccination
PubMed: 35888579
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070860 -
Cancers Jul 2022High-throughput DNA sequencing has allowed for the identification of genomic alterations and their impact on tumor development, progression, and therapeutic responses....
High-throughput DNA sequencing has allowed for the identification of genomic alterations and their impact on tumor development, progression, and therapeutic responses. In PSCC, for which the incidence has progressively increased worldwide, there are still limited data on the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the mutational signature of 30 human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated PSCC cases from Latin Americans, using whole-exome sequencing. Copy number variations (CNVs) were also identified and compared to previous array-generated data. Enrichment analyses were performed to reveal disrupted pathways and to identify alterations mapped to HPV integration sites (HPVis) and miRNA-mRNA hybridization regions. Among the most frequently mutated genes were , , , , , , , , , , and . Of note, 92% of these altered genes were localized at HPVis. We also found mutations in ten novel genes (, , , , , , , , , and ), thus increasing our understanding of the potential HPV-disrupted pathways. Therefore, our study reveals innovative targets with potential therapeutic benefits for HPV-associated PSCCs. The CNV analysis by sequencing (CNV-seq) revealed five cancer-associated genes as the most frequent with gains (, , , , and ), while 30% of the tumors showed with loss. Additionally, four cancer-associated genes (, , , and ) carried untranslated regions (UTRs) variants, which may impact gene regulation by affecting the miRNAs hybridization regions. Altogether, these data contribute to the characterization of the mutational spectrum and its impact on cellular signaling pathways in PSCC, thus reinforcing the pivotal role of HPV infection in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors.
PubMed: 35884575
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143514