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Nutrients Dec 2022Capsaicin, a natural bioactive component, has been reported to improve cognition and ameliorate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have linked AD to...
Capsaicin, a natural bioactive component, has been reported to improve cognition and ameliorate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have linked AD to alterations in gut microbiota composition and serum metabolites. In the present study, we examined the alterations in serum metabolome and gut microbiome in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice treated with capsaicin. Capsaicin treatments resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of , , , and and a significant decrease in the abundance of , , , and . Furthermore, the species () was significantly enriched in capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice ( = 0.0002). Serum metabolomic analysis showed that capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice had a significant higher level of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and a significantly lower level of lipid metabolism compared with vehicle-treated mice. Capsaicin altered serum metabolites, including Kynurenine (Kyn), 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HIT), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), indoxylsulfuric acid, lysophosphatidyl cholines (LysoPCs), and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LysoPE). Significant correlations were observed between the gut bacteria and serum metabolite. With regard to the increased abundance of and the ensuing rise in tryptophan metabolites, our data show that capsaicin alters both the gut microbiota and blood metabolites. By altering the gut microbiome and serum metabolome, a diet high in capsaicin may reduce the incidence and development of AD.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Capsaicin; Tryptophan; Metabolome; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition
PubMed: 36615777
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010118 -
Nutrients Nov 2022This study aims to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota composition and health parameters through specific biochemical markers and food consumption patterns...
This study aims to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota composition and health parameters through specific biochemical markers and food consumption patterns in the Spanish population. This research includes 60 Spanish adults aged 47.3 ± 11.2 years old. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and a self-referred dietary survey (food frequency questionnaire), were analyzed and compared with the participant´s gut microbiota composition analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. Several bacterial strains differed significantly with the biochemical markers analyzed, suggesting an involvement in the participant´s metabolic health. Lower levels of Lactobacillaceae and Oscillospiraceae and an increase in Pasteurellaceae, , and were observed in individuals with higher AST levels. Higher levels of the Christensenellaceae and a decrease in Peptococcaceae were associated with higher levels of HDL-c. High levels of and and low levels of were found in individuals with higher insulin levels. This study also identified associations between bacteria and specific food groups, such as an increase in lactic acid bacteria with the consumption of fermented dairy products or an increase in Verrucomicrobiaceae with the consumption of olive oil. In conclusion, this study reinforces the idea that specific food groups can favorably modulate gut microbiota composition and have an impact on host´s health.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet; Verrucomicrobia; Cultured Milk Products; Lactobacillaceae
PubMed: 36500996
DOI: 10.3390/nu14234966 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as inoleic acid (47.11%) and oleic acid (23.81%). Our research demonstrates that it exerts a protective effect on rat models...
oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as inoleic acid (47.11%) and oleic acid (23.81%). Our research demonstrates that it exerts a protective effect on rat models of pulmonary fibrosis, however, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism of action. This study aimed to characterize the therapeutic mechanism of action of oil on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. oil appears to regulate the levels of potential key serum biomarkers which include tetrahydrobiopterin, L-serine, citrulline and estradiol to participate in folate biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. And it also enriched intestinal microbial abundance, homogeneity and modulated the abundance of , Peptococcaceae, , , Lachnospiraceae to exert a protective effect against pulmonary fibrosis. oil appears to confer protective effects against pulmonary fibrosis by affecting the level of pulmonary fibrosis metabolites and the abundance of related intestinal flora through multiple targets, as evidenced by our untargeted LC-MS/MS metabonomics evaluation and 16S rDNA sequencing technology.
PubMed: 36386194
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037563 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Translation Jul 2022Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction syndrome that is lacking validated treatments. Maximizing muscle strength in young adulthood may be a promising...
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction syndrome that is lacking validated treatments. Maximizing muscle strength in young adulthood may be a promising way to prevent sarcopenia in the elderly. The phytomolecule puerarin has been extensively used in clinical practice and reported to increase energy metabolism in skeletal muscle by directly targeting the skeletal muscle fiber. However, the bioavailability of puerarin is very poor, and almost 93% of puerarin stays in the intestine until excretion. Therefore, we hypothesize that puerarin may regulate gut microbiota to improve skeletal muscle strength and/or mass in adults.
METHODS
Twenty three-month old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups according to average weights, puerarin group (puerarin dissolved in 0.5% CMC-Na, 150 mg/kg/day, N = 10), and control group (equal volume 0.5% CMC-Na, N = 10). The treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Muscle weight, muscle fiber types and cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle contraction test and grip strength were measured. 16S rDNA sequencing was employed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition in the sample of cecal content. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal and serum were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in skeletal muscle was also detected. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relations between SCFAs, ATP concentration and muscle function.
RESULTS
After puerarin treatment, grip strength, the specific twitch force, and the tetanic forces in the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were significantly higher than those of the control group. The percentage and CSA of type II muscle fiber in EDL was higher in the puerarin group than those in the control group. Puerarin treatment significantly changed the gut microbial constitutes. Two SCFAs-productive microbiota, the families Peptococcaceae and Closteridiales, were significantly higher in the puerarin group than those in the control group, while the ratio of Prevotellaceae/Bacteroidaceae (P/B), a muscle atrophy indicator, was lower in the puerarin group. As expected, there were significant linear correlations between the concentrations of SCFAs, including cecal total SCFAs, serum -butyric acid and total SCFAs, and skeletal muscle strength and function, including the twitch force and tetanic force of SOL and EDL, as well as the forelimb grip strength.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, puerarin improved the forelimb grip strength and muscle contraction function in young adult rats. The underlying mechanism may include that puerarin increased SCFAs production by regulating gut microbiota, augmented ATP synthesis and skeletal muscle strength. : Our study finds that a clinical used phytomolecule puerarin has the potential of improving skeletal muscle strength in young adult rats. As puerarin has long-term clinical experience and shows good safety, it might be a potential candidate for developing muscle strengthening agents.
PubMed: 36196075
DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.08.009 -
Microbial Genomics Oct 2022Campylobacteriosis is still the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union causing gastrointestinal disease in humans. One of the most common sources for...
Campylobacteriosis is still the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union causing gastrointestinal disease in humans. One of the most common sources for these food-borne infections is broiler meat. Interactions between (.) and the intestinal microbiota might influence colonization in chickens. The aim of the present study was to gain further knowledge about exclusive interactions of the host microbiota with in -specific phage-free chickens under standardized conditions and special biosafety precautions.Therefore, 12 artificially infected ( inoculum with a challenge dose of 7.64 log c.f.u.) and 12 control chickens of the breed Ross 308 were kept under special biosafety measures in an animal facility. At day 42 of life, microbiota studies were performed on samples of caecal digesta and mucus. No -specific phages were detected by real-time PCR analysis of caecal digesta of control or artificially infected chickens. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was performed within the hypervariable region V4 and subsequently sequenced with Illumina MiSeq platform. R (version 4.0.2) was used to compare the microbiota between -negative and -positive chickens. The factor chickens' infection status contributed significantly to the differences in microbial composition of mucosal samples, explaining 10.6 % of the microbiota variation (=0.007) and in digesta samples, explaining 9.69 % of the microbiota variation (=0.015). The strongest difference between -non-infected and -infected birds was observed for the family whose presence in -infected birds could not be demonstrated. Further, several genera of the family appeared to be depressed in its abundance due to infection. A negative correlation was found between R-7 group and in -colonised chickens, both genera potentially competing for substrate. This makes R-7 group highly interesting for further studies that aim to find control options for infections and assess the relevance of this finding for chicken health and colonization.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriophages; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Chickens; Humans; Microbiota; Mucous Membrane; Poultry Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36190827
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000874 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Previous researches have implicated a vital association between gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on the association of the "gut-retina" axis. But...
BACKGROUND
Previous researches have implicated a vital association between gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on the association of the "gut-retina" axis. But their causal relationship has not been elucidated.
METHODS
Instrumental variables of 211 GM taxa were obtained from genome wide association study (GWAS), and Mendelian randomization study was carried out to estimate their effects on DR risk from FinnGen GWAS (14,584 DR cases and 202,082 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the main method to analyze causality, and MR results are verified by several sensitive analyses.
RESULTS
As for 211 GM taxa, IVW results confirmed that family- ( = 1.36×10) and family- ( = 3.13×10) were protective factors for DR. Genus- ( = 4.83×10), genus- ( = 3.44×10) and genus- ( = 4.82×10) were correlated with the risk of DR. At the phylum, class and order levels, we found no GM taxa that were causally related to DR (>0.05). Heterogeneity (>0.05) and pleiotropy (>0.05) analysis confirmed the robustness of MR results.
CONCLUSION
We confirmed that there was a potential causal relationship between some GM taxa and DR, which highlights the association of the "gut-retina" axis and offered new insights into the GM-mediated mechanism of DR. Further explorations of their association are required and will lead to find new biomarkers for targeted prevention strategies of DR.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 36159877
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930318 -
World Journal of Hepatology Jun 2022Gut dysbiosis and changes in body composition (, a decrease in the proportion of muscle mass and an increase in extracellular fluid) are common in cirrhosis.
BACKGROUND
Gut dysbiosis and changes in body composition (, a decrease in the proportion of muscle mass and an increase in extracellular fluid) are common in cirrhosis.
AIM
To study the relationship between the gut microbiota and body composition in cirrhosis.
METHODS
This observational study included 46 patients with cirrhosis. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition in these patients.
RESULTS
An increase in fat mass and a decrease in body cell mass were noted in 23/46 (50.0%) and 15/46 (32.6%) patients, respectively. Changes in the gut microbiome were not independently associated with the fat mass percentage in cirrhosis. The abundance of ( = 0.041) and ( = 0.001) increased, whereas that of ( = 0.006), ( = 0.021), ( = 0.033), ( = 0.043), ( = 0.028), and ( = 0.015) decreased in the gut microbiome of patients with body cell mass deficiency. The amount of extracellular fluid increased in 22/46 (47.6%) patients. Proteobacteria abundance ( < 0.001) increased, whereas Firmicutes ( = 0.023), Actinobacteria ( = 0.026), Bacilli ( = 0.008), ( = 0.027), ( = 0.038), ( = 0.047), ( = 0.015), ( = 0.003), ( = 0.024), ( = 0.002), ( = 0.030), ( = 0.040), ( = 0.023), ( = 0.008), and ( = 0.024) abundance decreased in these patients. Patients with clinically significant ascites ( = 9) had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria ( = 0.031) and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria ( = 0.019) and Bacteroidetes ( = 0.046) than patients without clinically significant ascites ( = 37).
CONCLUSION
Changes in the amount of body cell mass and extracellular fluid are associated with changes in the gut microbiome in cirrhosis patients.
PubMed: 35978666
DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1210 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Through a multitude of studies, the gut microbiota has been recognized as a significant influencer of both homeostasis and pathophysiology. Certain microbial taxa can...
Through a multitude of studies, the gut microbiota has been recognized as a significant influencer of both homeostasis and pathophysiology. Certain microbial taxa can even affect treatments such as cancer immunotherapies, including the immune checkpoint blockade. These taxa can impact such processes both individually as well as collectively through mechanisms from quorum sensing to metabolite production. Due to this overarching presence of the gut microbiota in many physiological processes distal to the GI tract, we hypothesized that mice bearing tumors at extraintestinal sites would display a distinct intestinal microbial signature from non-tumor-bearing mice, and that such a signature would involve taxa that collectively shift with tumor presence. Microbial OTUs were determined from 16S rRNA genes isolated from the fecal samples of C57BL/6 mice challenged with either B16-F10 melanoma cells or PBS control and analyzed using QIIME. Relative proportions of bacteria were determined for each mouse and, using machine-learning approaches, significantly altered taxa and co-occurrence patterns between tumor- and non-tumor-bearing mice were found. Mice with a tumor had elevated proportions of , .g_rc4.4, and as well as significant information gains and ReliefF weights for , , , and . , , and were also implicated through shifting co-occurrences and PCA values. Using these seven taxa as a melanoma signature, a neural network reached an 80% tumor detection accuracy in a 10-fold stratified random sampling validation. These results indicated gut microbial proportions as a biosensor for tumor detection, and that shifting co-occurrences could be used to reveal relevant taxa.
PubMed: 35454006
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040958 -
Microbiological Research May 2022Malaria, caused by Plasmodium, is a global life-threatening infectious disease. However, the dynamic interactions between intestinal microbiota and host immunity during...
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium, is a global life-threatening infectious disease. However, the dynamic interactions between intestinal microbiota and host immunity during the infections are still unclear. Here, we investigated the change of intestinal microbiome and transcriptome during Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice. The mice were infected with P. yoelii through the intraperitoneal injection. The intestinal contents and tissues were collected at different time points along with the malaria procession and they were subjected to the microbiome and transcriptome sequencing and analysis respectively. The dynamic landscape of parasitemia-dependent intestinal microbiota and related host immunity were identified: (1) The diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota represented a significant correlation with the Plasmodium infection; (2) Up-regulated genes from the intestinal transcriptome were mainly enriched in immune cell differentiation pathways, especially, naive CD4+ T cell differentiation to Th1/2 cells in the early immune response and Th17 cells in the later immune stage, T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) activation in the whole host immunity; (3) Host immune cells presented parasitemia phase-specific characteristics against P. yoelii infection; (4) There were significant associations between the parasitemia phase-specific microbiotas and the host immune response. Th1 cell differentiation was positively correlated with genera Moryella and specie Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium canine oral taxon 255, while negatively correlated with genera Ruminiclostridium. Th17 cell differentiation was related to the colonization of family Peptococcaceae, genera Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, and specie Eubacterium plexicaudatum ASF492 and the reduction of family Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, genera Sutterella, and specie Parabacteroides distasonis str. 3776 D15 I. BCRs and TCRs were highly related with the family Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, genera Moryella, and specie Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium canine oral taxon 255, but negatively related with the genera Ruminiclostridium. Our results indicated a remarkable dynamic landscape and correlation of the parasitemia-dependent shifting of intestinal microbiota and immunity, suggesting the essential roles of intestinal microbiome on the modulation of host immunity against Plasmodium infection.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Malaria; Mice; Parasitemia; Plasmodium yoelii; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35220138
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.126994 -
Genes Feb 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine condition in women in India. Gut microbiome alterations were shown to be involved in PCOS, yet it is...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine condition in women in India. Gut microbiome alterations were shown to be involved in PCOS, yet it is remarkably understudied in Indian women who have a higher incidence of PCOS as compared to other ethnic populations. During the regional PCOS screening program among young women, we recruited 19 drug naive women with PCOS and 20 control women at the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir, North India. We profiled the gut microbiome in faecal samples by 16S rRNA sequencing and included 40/58 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected in at least 1/3 of the subjects with relative abundance (RA) ≥ 0.1%. We compared the RAs at a family/genus level in PCOS/non-PCOS groups and their correlation with 33 metabolic and hormonal factors, and corrected for multiple testing, while taking the variation in day of menstrual cycle at sample collection, age and BMI into account. Five genera were significantly enriched in PCOS cases: , , and previously reported for PCOS , and confirmed by different statistical models. At the family level, the relative abundance of was enriched, whereas was decreased among cases. We observed increased relative abundance of and with higher fasting blood glucose levels, and and with larger hip, waist circumference, weight, and with lower prolactin levels. We also detected a novel association between and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and between and alkaline phosphatase, independently of the BMI of the participants. Our report supports that there is a relationship between gut microbiome composition and PCOS with links to specific reproductive health metabolic and hormonal predictors in Indian women.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Bifidobacterium; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35205422
DOI: 10.3390/genes13020379