-
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Metabolites produced by an altered gut microbiota might mediate the effects in the brain. Among metabolites, the fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered...
Metabolites produced by an altered gut microbiota might mediate the effects in the brain. Among metabolites, the fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered to be potential biomarkers. In this study, we examined both the VOCs and bacterial taxa in the feces from healthy subjects and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients at early and middle stages. Remarkably, 29 fecal VOCs and 13 bacterial genera were differentiated from the healthy subjects and the AD patients. In general, higher amounts of acids and esters were found in in the feces of the AD patients and terpenes, sulfur compounds and aldehydes in the healthy subjects. At the early stage of AD, the most relevant VOCs with a higher abundance were short-chain fatty acids and their producing bacteria, and . Coinciding with the development of dementia in the AD patients, parallel rises of heptanoic acid and were observed. At a more advanced stage of AD, the microbiota and volatiles shifted towards a profile in the feces with increases in hexanoic acid, and . The most remarkable VOCs that were associated with the healthy subjects were 4-ethyl-phenol and dodecanol, together with their possible producers and . Our results revealed a VOCs and microbiota crosstalk in AD development and their profiles in the feces were specific depending on the stage of AD. Additionally, some of the most significant fecal VOCs identified in our study could be used as potential biomarkers for the initiation and progression of AD.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Alzheimer Disease; Microbiota; Cognitive Dysfunction; Feces; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Bacteria; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36614151
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010707 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2022This study is aimed at the effects of low-protein diets with four amino acids balanced on serum biochemical parameters and colonic microflora of finishing pigs....
This study is aimed at the effects of low-protein diets with four amino acids balanced on serum biochemical parameters and colonic microflora of finishing pigs. Fifty-four healthy (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) hybrid barrows with an average body weight of 70.12 ± 4.03 kg were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments with three barrows per pen and six pens per treatment. The barrows were fed a normal protein diet (NP), a low-protein diet (LP), and a very low-protein diet (VLP). Compared with the NP diet, reduced dietary protein did not influence serum biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). The valeric acid was significantly increased with the VLP diet (p < 0.05). Compared with the NP diets, the abundance of Terrisporobacter (13.37%) Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (23.37%) and Turicibacter (2.57%) increased to 21.04, 33.42 and 13.68% in LP diets and 16.72, 43.71 and 14.61% in VLP diets, while the abundance of Lactobacillus (9.30%) and Streptococcus (25.26%) decreased to 3.57 and 14.50% in LP diets and 1.86 and 4.07% in VLP diets. Turicibacter and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_6 had a powerful negative correlation with the content of valeric acid (p < 0.01), while Peptococcus and Clostridia_UCG-014 had a very solid positive correlation (p < 0.01). In conclusion, reducing dietary protein level can improve colon microbiota composition, especially reducing the abundance of bacteria related to nitrogen metabolism, but has no significant effect on SCFA except valeric acid. In addition, reduction in the dietary protein level by 5.48% had more different flora than that of 2.74% reduction in dietary CP level.
PubMed: 36611619
DOI: 10.3390/ani13010009 -
Nutrients Nov 2022This study aims to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota composition and health parameters through specific biochemical markers and food consumption patterns...
This study aims to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota composition and health parameters through specific biochemical markers and food consumption patterns in the Spanish population. This research includes 60 Spanish adults aged 47.3 ± 11.2 years old. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and a self-referred dietary survey (food frequency questionnaire), were analyzed and compared with the participant´s gut microbiota composition analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. Several bacterial strains differed significantly with the biochemical markers analyzed, suggesting an involvement in the participant´s metabolic health. Lower levels of Lactobacillaceae and Oscillospiraceae and an increase in Pasteurellaceae, , and were observed in individuals with higher AST levels. Higher levels of the Christensenellaceae and a decrease in Peptococcaceae were associated with higher levels of HDL-c. High levels of and and low levels of were found in individuals with higher insulin levels. This study also identified associations between bacteria and specific food groups, such as an increase in lactic acid bacteria with the consumption of fermented dairy products or an increase in Verrucomicrobiaceae with the consumption of olive oil. In conclusion, this study reinforces the idea that specific food groups can favorably modulate gut microbiota composition and have an impact on host´s health.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet; Verrucomicrobia; Cultured Milk Products; Lactobacillaceae
PubMed: 36500996
DOI: 10.3390/nu14234966 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Dec 2022Fermented feed has the potential to improve poultry gastrointestinal microecological environment, health condition and production performance. Thus, the present study...
Fermented feed has the potential to improve poultry gastrointestinal microecological environment, health condition and production performance. Thus, the present study was undertaken to explore the effects of fermented feed on the laying performance, egg quality, immune function, intestinal morphology and microbiota of laying hens in the late laying cycle. A total of 360 healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 80 weeks were used to conduct a 56-day study. All hens were randomly separated into two treatment groups, with five replicates of 36 hens each as follows: basal diet containing 0.0% fermented feed (CON) and 20% fermented feed (FF). Subsequent analyses revealed that fermented feed supplementation was associated with significant increases in laying rates together with reduced broken egg rates and feed conversion ratio for hens in FF group (P < 0.05). There were additionally significant increases in both albumen height and Haugh unit values in hens following fermented feed supplementation (P < 0.05). Fermented feed was also associated with increases in duodenal, jejunal and ileac villus height (P < 0.05). Laying hens fed fermented feed had higher immune globulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM levels (P < 0.01,) and higher interleukin 2, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ (P < 0.05) concentrations than CON. Analysis of the microbiota in these laying hens revealed the alpha diversity was not significantly affected by fermented feed supplementation. Firmicutes abundance was reduced in caecal samples from FF hens relative to those from CON hens (30.61 vs 35.12%, P < 0.05). At the genus level, fermented feed was associated with improvements in relative Lactobacillus, Megasphaera and Peptococcus abundance and decreased Campylobacter abundance in laying hens. These results suggest that fermented feed supplementation may be beneficial to the laying performance, egg quality, immunological function, intestinal villus growth and caecal microecological environment of laying hens at the end of the laying cycle.
Topics: Animals; Female; Animal Feed; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Immunity; Microbiota
PubMed: 36442324
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100676 -
Movement Ecology Nov 2022Migration is one of the most physical and energetically demanding periods in an individual bird's life. The composition of the bird's gut or cloacal microbiota can...
Migration is one of the most physical and energetically demanding periods in an individual bird's life. The composition of the bird's gut or cloacal microbiota can temporarily change during migration, likely due to differences in diets, habitats and other environmental conditions experienced en route. However, how physiological condition, migratory patterns, and other drivers interact to affect microbiota composition of migratory birds is still unclear. We sampled the cloacal bacterial microbiota of a long-distance migrant, the steppe buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus), at an important spring stopover bottleneck in Eilat, Israel, after crossing the ca. 1800 km Sahara Desert. We examined whether diversity and composition of the cloacal microbiota varied with body condition, sex, movement patterns (i.e., arrival time and migration distance), and survival. Early arrival to Eilat was associated with better body condition, longer post-Eilat spring migration distance, higher microbial α-diversity, and differences in microbiota composition. Specifically, early arrivals had higher abundance of the phylum Synergistota and five genera, including Jonquetella and Peptococcus, whereas the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Escherichia-Shigella (as well as three other genera) were more abundant in later arrivals. While the differences in α-diversity and Escherichia-Shigella seem to be mainly driven by body condition, other compositional differences associated with arrival date could be indicators of longer migratory journeys (e.g., pre-fueling at wintering grounds or stopover habitats along the way) or migratory performance. No significant differences were found between the microbiota of surviving and non-surviving individuals. Overall, our results indicate that variation in steppe buzzard microbiota is linked to variation in migratory patterns (i.e., capture/arrival date) and body condition, highlighting the importance of sampling the microbiota of GPS-tracked individuals on multiple occasions along their migration routes to gain a more detailed understanding of the links between migration, microbiota, and health in birds.
PubMed: 36345043
DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00347-0 -
Veterinary Sciences Sep 2022Animal feeding research has revealed a close relationship between the chemical composition and nutritional value of cow rations, the number of rumen bacterial...
Animal feeding research has revealed a close relationship between the chemical composition and nutritional value of cow rations, the number of rumen bacterial communities and animal productivity. Our present research aimed to investigate the outcome of inclusion of different levels of protein concentrate in rations of Ayrshire dairy cows in relation to the rumen microbiome, reproductive traits and economic value. Forty-five Ayrshire cows were divided into three groups (15 in each). The first control group 0 AM was fed the basal ration, while the second 1 AM and third 2 AM groups were fed the basic ration with the sunflower cake replaced by different levels of protein concentrate Agro-Matic (1 and 1.5 kg/head/day, respectively). Ruminal fluid samples, reproductive parameters and economic value were studied. During the early lactation period, 120 days in milk (DIM), the number of pathogenic microorganisms decreased in both the 1 AM and 2 AM groups when compared with the control group 0 AM; moreover, a significant decrease in Peptococcus bacteria was recorded in the 1 AM group, while Fusobacterium decreased in the 2 AM group. At the end of lactation, the total number of cellulolytic bacteria increased with the use of protein concentrate in animals of the 1 AM group when compared with the control group. Regarding undesirable bacteria, the 2 AM group recorded the highest value for Lactobacilli and Actinobacteria when compared with the 0 AM group (0.18 and 8.90 vs. 0.04 and 4.24), and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The insemination index and the duration of the days open period decreased in the 2 AM group, while the differences were p > 0.05. The profitability of milk production increased by 2.76% and 6.28% in both supplemented groups, and the differences compared to the 0 AM group were significant. We conclude that the supplementation of Agro-Matic caused no deviations from the normal standards of cellulolytic, amylolytic, transit and pathogenic bacteria, no impact on reproductive functions and significantly improved the profitability of the milk production process of Ayrshire dairy cows.
PubMed: 36288147
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100534 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022This pilot study was designed to identify the salivary microbial community and metabolic characteristics in patients with generalized periodontitis. A total of 36 saliva...
This pilot study was designed to identify the salivary microbial community and metabolic characteristics in patients with generalized periodontitis. A total of 36 saliva samples were collected from 13 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 13 patients with chronic periodontitis (ChP), and 10 subjects with periodontal health (PH). The microbiome was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and the metabolome was accessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation between microbiomes and metabolomics was analyzed by Spearman's correlation method. Our results revealed that the salivary microbial community and metabolite composition differed significantly between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Striking differences were found in the composition of salivary metabolites between AgP and ChP. The genera , , , , (, , , and ), , , , , , and were present in higher levels in patients with periodontitis than in the healthy participants. The biochemical pathways that were significantly different between ChP and AgP included pyrimidine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; citrate cycle; and arginine and proline metabolism. The differential metabolites between ChP and AgP groups, such as urea, beta-alanine, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, and thymine, showed the most significant correlations with the genera. These differential microorganisms and metabolites may be used as potential biomarkers to monitor the occurrence and development of periodontitis through the utilization of non-invasive and convenient saliva samples. This study reveals the integration of salivary microbial data and metabolomic data, which provides a foundation to further explore the potential mechanism of periodontitis.
PubMed: 36225347
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959416 -
Metabolites Aug 2022The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern. The mechanism that leads to glucose tolerance beyond normal physiological levels...
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern. The mechanism that leads to glucose tolerance beyond normal physiological levels to pathogenic conditions remains incompletely understood, and it is speculated that the maternal microbiome may play an important role. This study analyzes the gut microbiota composition in each trimester of weight-matched women with and without GDM and examines possible bacterial genera associations with GDM. This study followed 56 pregnant women with GDM and 59 without admitted to the outpatient clinic during their first/second or third trimester of gestation. They were submitted to a standardized questionnaire, dietary recalls, clinical examination, biological sample collection, and molecular profiling of fecal microbiota. Women with GDM were older and had a higher number of pregnancies than normal-tolerant ones. There was no difference in alpha diversity, and the groups did not differ regarding the overall microbiota structure. A higher abundance of in the GDM group was found. A positive correlation between and abundances with one-hour post-challenge plasma glucose and a negative correlation between and two-hour plasma glucose levels were observed. and abundances were increased in the third gestational trimester for both groups. The gut microbiota composition was not dependent on the presence of GDM weight-matched women throughout gestation. However, some genera abundances showed associations with glucose metabolism. Our findings may therefore encourage a deeper understanding of physiological and pathophysiological changes in the microbiota throughout pregnancy, which could have further implications for diseases prevention.
PubMed: 36144203
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090796 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are suggested to be closely linked based on microbial dysbiosis, but limited subgingival bacteria have been proven in the...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are suggested to be closely linked based on microbial dysbiosis, but limited subgingival bacteria have been proven in the pathogenesis of RA. We enrolled 30 RA patients and 25 controls and divided them into three groups with matched age, gender, and diabetes statuses: group AM (all of the matched participants), group PD (periodontally diseased), and group PH (periodontally healthy). Their subgingival microbial composition was determined by V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences in subgingival microbial clustering between the RA patients and controls were observed in groups AM and PD. Among the taxa enriched in RA, and were the only two species displaying positive correlation to the level of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in both of the groups. Surprisingly, the median of relative abundances of and were 0% in the controls of group PD. Furthermore, a gene encoding arginine deiminase with the capability to produce citrulline was addressed in the complete genome sequence of . This is the first study to elucidate the important roles of and as periodontal bacteria leading to RA possibly through the induction of ACPA production.
Topics: Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Bacteria; Humans; Microbiota; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36077282
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179883 -
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Aug 2022Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of ethambutol tablets (EMB) on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in rats and whether the action mechanism of EMB is related to...
Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of ethambutol tablets (EMB) on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in rats and whether the action mechanism of EMB is related to Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Methods Sixty SD rats were assigned into a control group,a PTB group,a PTB+EMB group (30 mg/kg),and a PTB+EMB+Colivelin (JAK/STAT pathway activator) group (30 mg/kg+1 mg/kg) via the random number table method,with 15 rats in each group.The rats in other groups except the control group were injected with 0.2 ml of 5 mg/ml suspension to establish the PTB model.After the modeling,the rats were administrated with corresponding drugs for 4 consecutive weeks (once a day).On days 1,14,and 28 of administration,the body weights of rats were measured and the colonies were counted.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out to detect the pathological changes in the lung tissue.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),IL-1β,and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the serum.Flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+.The 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to detect the relative abundance of the intestinal microorganisms.Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of the proteins in the JAK/STAT pathway. Results Compared with the control group,the modeling of PTB reduced the rat body weight (on days 14 and 28),increased colonies,caused severe pathological changes in the lung tissue,and elevated the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in serum and CD8+.Moreover,the modeling increased the relative abundance of ,,,,,,and in the intestine,up-regulated the protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 in the lung tissue,and lowered the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and IFN-γ levels (all <0.001).Compared with the PTB group,PTB+EMB increased the rat body weight (on days 14 and 28),reduced colonies,alleviated the pathological damage in lung tissue,lowered the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in serum and CD8+.Moreover,the treatment decreased the relative abundance of ,,,,,, in the intestine,down-regulated the protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 in the lung tissue,and elevated the levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and IFN-γ (all <0.001).Colivelin weakened the alleviation effect of EMB on PTB (all <0.001). Conclusion EMB can inhibit the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to alleviate the PTB in rat.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Ethambutol; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-6; Janus Kinases; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; STAT Transcription Factors; Signal Transduction; Tablets; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36065686
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.14923