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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The physiological state of the host affects the gut microbes. The estrus cycle is critical to the reproductive cycle of sows. However, the association between gut...
The physiological state of the host affects the gut microbes. The estrus cycle is critical to the reproductive cycle of sows. However, the association between gut microbes and animal estrus is poorly understood. Here, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) non-targeted metabolome technology were used to study the estrous cycles in Diannan small ear pigs. Significantly different gut microbiota and metabolites of sows at estrous and diestrus were screened out and the correlation was analyzed. We found that the intestinal microbial composition and microbial metabolism of Diannan small ear sows were significantly different at diestrus and metestrus. The abundances of , , , , , , and in intestinal microorganisms of Diannan small ear sows at metestrus are significantly higher than that at diestrus. Propionic acid, benzyl butyrate, sucrose, piperidine, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) were significantly enriched at metestrus compared with diestrus, which were involved in the energy metabolism-related pathways and activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. At diestrus and metestrus, differential microbiota of , , , , and differential metabolites of piperidine, propionic acid, and benzyl butyrate, sucrose, 4-methyl catechol, and AICAR exist a certain degree of correlation. Therefore, , , and may have a potential role at metestrus of the Diannan small ear sows. AICAR may be apotential marker of estrus Diannan small ear sows feces, but further studies about the specific mechanism are needed. These findings provide a new perspective for sows production management and improving sows reproductive performance.
PubMed: 35516431
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826881 -
Nutrients Apr 2022The bioactive peptides hydrolyzed from bone collagen have been found to possess health-promoting effects by regulating chronic diseases such as arthritis and...
The bioactive peptides hydrolyzed from bone collagen have been found to possess health-promoting effects by regulating chronic diseases such as arthritis and hypertension. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effect of bovine bone gelatin peptides (GP) was evaluated in 264.7 macrophages cells and followed by animal trials to investigate their interference on inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota compositions in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced C57BL/6 mice. The GP was demonstrated to alleviate the extra secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. In DSS-induced colitis mice, the gavage of GP was demonstrated to ameliorate the IBD symptoms of weight loss, hematochezia and inflammatory infiltration in intestinal tissues. In serum, the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β) were suppressed along with the decreasing effect on toll-like receptor 4 and cyclooxygenase-2 by GP treatment. In the analysis of gut microbiota, the GP was checked to modulate the abundance of , , and . The above results imply that GP could attenuate DSS-induced colitis by suppressing the inflammatory cytokines and regulating the gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cattle; Colitis; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Gelatin; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Peptides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35406093
DOI: 10.3390/nu14071479 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Feb 2022Quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiome of the skin affect the emergence and course of allergic diseases, in particular, of acute urticaria.
INTRODUCTION
Quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiome of the skin affect the emergence and course of allergic diseases, in particular, of acute urticaria.
AIM
To investigate the taxonomic composition of the skin microbiota in children with acute urticaria and to study its effect on the course of the disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In total, 75 children with diagnosed acute urticaria at the age of 7--14 years were examined. The average age of children was 10.83 ±0.95, of which 44 (58.7%) were boys, and 31 (41.3%) were girls. The control group consisted of 30 virtually healthy children of the appropriate age, of whom 16 (53.3%) were boys, and 13 (46.7%) were girls.
RESULTS
Regardless of the severity of the disease, the examined children suffering from acute urticaria had sensitization in history with a significant prevalence of food sensitization ( < 0.05). The occurrence of a severe episode of acute urticaria is associated with allergens of drug origin in 52.6% of cases and the action of unidentified triggers in 47.4% of cases. In children with acute urticaria, , bacteria of the genus , and dominated on a non-affected skin area, while for the affected skin area, the , bacteria of the genus , and were denoted as dominating.
CONCLUSIONS
High frequency of detection on affected and non- affected skin areas in children with acute urticaria is a predictor of the disease severity.
PubMed: 35369637
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.113808 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Post-operative delirium (POD) is a serious complication which occurs after surgery, especially in the elderly undergoing abdominal surgery. Increasing evidence has...
INTRODUCTION
Post-operative delirium (POD) is a serious complication which occurs after surgery, especially in the elderly undergoing abdominal surgery. Increasing evidence has revealed an association between the gut microbiota and psychological disorders involving the "brain-gut" axis. However, the association between the pathogenesis of POD after abdominal surgery in aging and composition of the gut microbiota remains unclear.
METHODS
Forty patients (≥65 years old) who underwent abdominal surgery were included in the study. Twenty patients had POD, whereas 20 patients did not. POD was diagnosed and assessed using the confusion assessment method (CAM) during the postoperative period. Total DNA fractions were extracted from all fecal samples of patients. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the composition of the gut microbiota. The quality of the samples was determined by calculating the α- and β-diversities.
RESULTS
The α- and β-diversities indicated that the samples were eligible for detection and comparison. We observed multiple differentially abundant bacteria in patients with and without POD. Generally, , and were abundant in the POD cohort, whereas and were abundant in the control cohort. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of was 0.75. Phenotype prediction showed that the gut microbiota may influence POD by altering the tolerance to oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION
There were significant associations between the pathogenesis of POD and composition of the gut microbiota. are promising diagnostic bacterial species for predicting POD onset after abdominal surgery in elderly people.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR200030131.
PubMed: 35308872
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.852269 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Thw. (LST) powder supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, intestinal...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Thw. (LST) powder supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiome in broiler chickens. A total of 400 1-day-old male Guangxi partridge broilers (initial body weight: 42.52 ± 0.06 g) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments: LST0 group (a basal diet), LST1 group (a basal diet with 1% LST powder), LST2 group (a basal diet with 2% LST powder), LST4 group (a basal diet with 4% LST powder), 10 replicates for each treatment, and 10 broilers in each treatment group. Results indicated that the average daily feed intake of broilers during 22-42 days and the average daily gain of chickens during 1-42 days significantly increased by dietary supplementation of LST powder ( < 0.01), while the feed conversion ratio during the overall periods was decreased by dietary supplementation of LST powder ( < 0.01). Except for the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver ( > 0.05), the levels of SOD, catalase (CAT) and GSH-Px in serum, liver, and breast muscle were significantly increased in the LST supplemented groups ( < 0.05), while the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, liver, and breast muscle were significantly decreased in the LST supplemented groups ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased by the addition of dietary LST powder ( < 0.01), while the levels of HDL-C, Ca, Fe, Mg, and P were linearly increased by the addition of dietary LST powder ( < 0.01). With respect to the gut morphometric, crypt depth was significantly decreased by LST supplementation ( < 0.05), while villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth were notably increased by LST supplementation ( < 0.05). Sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) from the cecal contents of broilers revealed that the composition of the chicken gut microbiota was altered by LST supplementation. The α-diversity of microbiota in broilers was increased ( < 0.05) in the LST1 group, but was decreased ( < 0.05) in the LST2 and LST4 groups compared with the LST0 group. The differential genera enriched in the LST1 group, such as , were closely related to the increased growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, Ca, Mg, and reduced blood lipid in the treated broilers.
PubMed: 35096929
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.775223 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2021Information on microbiota dynamics in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Africa is scarce. Here, we sequenced sputa from 120 treatment-naïve TB patients in Uganda, and...
Information on microbiota dynamics in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Africa is scarce. Here, we sequenced sputa from 120 treatment-naïve TB patients in Uganda, and investigated changes in microbiota of 30 patients with treatment-response follow-up samples. Overall, HIV-status and anti-TB treatment were associated with microbial structural and abundance changes. The predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria, accounting for nearly 95% of the sputum microbiota composition; the predominant genera across time were Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Alloprevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Gemella, and Rothia. Treatment-response follow-up at month 2 was characterized by a reduction in abundance of Mycobacterium and Fretibacterium, and an increase in Ruminococcus and Peptococcus; month 5 was characterized by a reduction in Tannerella and Fusobacterium, and an increase in members of the family Neisseriaceae. The microbiota core comprised of 44 genera that were stable during treatment. Hierarchical clustering of this core's abundance distinctly separated baseline (month 0) samples from treatment follow-up samples (months 2/5). We also observed a reduction in microbial diversity with 9.1% (CI 6-14%) of the structural variation attributed to HIV-status and anti-TB treatment. Our findings show discernible microbiota signals associated with treatment with potential to inform anti-TB treatment response monitoring.
Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Bacteria; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Microbiota; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda
PubMed: 34966183
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04271-y -
Microorganisms Nov 2021We performed a comprehensive microbiome analysis of root caries lesions using 22 teeth extracted from patients with severe periodontitis. The carious lesions were...
We performed a comprehensive microbiome analysis of root caries lesions using 22 teeth extracted from patients with severe periodontitis. The carious lesions were mechanically collected and cryo-pulverized following tooth extraction. Differences in the microbiome were compared between independent lesions at the supragingival site (SG) and lesions extending beyond the gingival margin (GCB). DNA was extracted and the microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene using paired-end sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq device. The microbiota in root caries lesions showed compositionally distinct microbiota depending on the location. The most abundant OTUs in the SG group were (26.0%), (10.6%), and (7.6%). GCB presented (11.1%) as the most abundant genus, followed by (9.6%) and (8.7%). The SG group showed a lack of uniformity in microbiota compared with the GCB group. The bacterial profiles of GCB varied considerably among patients, including periodontal pathogens such as , , , , and . Periodontal pathogens inhabit root caries lesions that extend beyond the gingival margin. This study provides a new perspective for elucidating the microbial etiology of root caries.
PubMed: 34835473
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112349 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2021Here, a Selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis (SEBS) strain was generated and supplemented to broiler chickens' diet, and the impact in ileum bacterial microbiome,...
Here, a Selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis (SEBS) strain was generated and supplemented to broiler chickens' diet, and the impact in ileum bacterial microbiome, immunity and body weight were assessed. In a nutshell, five hundred 1-old old chicken were randomly divided into five groups: control, inorganic Se, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), SEBS, and antibiotic, and colonization with B. subtilis and SEBS in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In summary, Chicks fed SEBS or B. subtilis had higher body weight than the control chicks or those given inorganic Se. SEBS colonized in distal segments of the ileum improved bacterial diversity, reduced the endogenous pathogen burden and increased the number of Lactobacillus sp. in the ileal mucous membrane. Species of unclassified Lachnospiraceae, uncultured Anaerosporobacter, Peptococcus, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and unclassified Butyricicoccus in the ileal mucous membrane played a key role in promoting immunity. Inorganic Se supplementation also improved bacterial composition of ileal mucous membranes, but to a less extent. In conclusion, SEBS improved performance and immunity of broiler chickens through colonization and modulation of the ileal mucous membrane microbiome.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ileum; Probiotics; Selenium
PubMed: 34737359
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00699-4 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Oct 2021The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder (MK) and fish meal (FM) by enzymatic soybean (ESB) in diets on growth performance,...
Comparative effects of enzymatic soybean, fish meal and milk powder in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder (MK) and fish meal (FM) by enzymatic soybean (ESB) in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.
METHODS
A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95 ± 0.46 kg, were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d. Piglets were offered iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows: CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources, ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK, ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM, and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM.
RESULTS
No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments (P > 0.05). However, piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index (P<0.01), and lower digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) or crude protein (CP), relative to piglets fed CON diet (P < 0.01). Moreover, the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid (BA) (P<0.01). The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity, and the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria, such as g_Peptococcus, g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter.
CONCLUSION
The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets, but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index, which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria. However, piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters, indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.
PubMed: 34615550
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00625-8 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Dec 2021Cancer cachexia is characterized by a negative energy balance, muscle and adipose tissue wasting, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Because of its strong...
BACKGROUND
Cancer cachexia is characterized by a negative energy balance, muscle and adipose tissue wasting, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Because of its strong negative impact on prognosis and its multifactorial nature that is still not fully understood, cachexia remains an important challenge in the field of cancer treatment. Recent animal studies indicate that the gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis and manifestation of cancer cachexia, but human data are lacking. The present study investigates gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and inflammatory parameters in human cancer cachexia.
METHODS
Faecal samples were prospectively collected in patients (N = 107) with pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, or ovarian cancer. Household partners (N = 76) of the patients were included as healthy controls with similar diet and environmental conditions. Patients were classified as cachectic if they lost >5% body weight in the last 6 months. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 gene region. Faecal SCFA levels were quantified by gas chromatography. Faecal calprotectin was assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum C-reactive protein and leucocyte counts were retrieved from medical records.
RESULTS
Cachexia prevalence was highest in pancreatic cancer (66.7%), followed by ovarian cancer (25%), lung cancer (20.8%), and breast cancer (17.3%). Microbial α-diversity was not significantly different between cachectic cancer patients (N = 33), non-cachectic cancer patients (N = 74), or healthy controls (N = 76) (species richness P = 0.31; Shannon effective index P = 0.46). Community structure (β-diversity) tended to differ between these groups (P = 0.053), although overall differences were subtle and no clear clustering of samples was observed. Proteobacteria (P < 0.001), an unknown genus from the Enterobacteriaceae family (P < 0.01), and Veillonella (P < 0.001) were more abundant among cachectic cancer patients. Megamonas (P < 0.05) and Peptococcus (P < 0.001) also showed differential abundance. Faecal levels of all SCFA tended to be lower in cachectic cancer patients, but only acetate concentrations were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Faecal calprotectin levels were positively correlated with the abundance of Peptococcus, unknown Enterobacteriaceae, and Veillonella. We also identified several correlations and interactions between clinical and microbial parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
This clinical study provided the first insights into the alterations of gut microbiota composition and SCFA levels that occur in cachectic cancer patients and how they are related to inflammatory parameters. These results pave the way for further research examining the role of the gut microbiota in cancer cachexia and its potential use as therapeutic target.
Topics: Animals; Cachexia; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34609073
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12804