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Open Veterinary Journal 2022The urachus is an embryonic remnant occurring as a result of the involution of the allantoic duct and the ventral cloaca. This canal becomes progressively obliterated...
BACKGROUND
The urachus is an embryonic remnant occurring as a result of the involution of the allantoic duct and the ventral cloaca. This canal becomes progressively obliterated after birth. It uncommonly persists to different degrees after birth.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A young bull was presented with distended abdomen and clinical signs of chocking, with low-grade fever, loss of appetite, frothy mouth arched back. On the first inspection, the animal was suspected to have simple indigestion. The treatment was attempted in this stage by introducing a stomach tube but only little relief was achieved. Therefore, 5 days later, an exploratory laparotomy was done and a big balloon-like cyst structure extended ventro-latrally in the abdominal cavity was noticed. That structure was located on the floor of the abdominal cavity extending from the pelvic rim caudally to the umbilical region cranially. The structure was then incised and evacuated and a rubber tube was fixed for constant drainage for up to one month later. The bull was followed-up and made a good recovery after a month post-surgery.
CONCLUSION
We found that urachal abscess could be treated simply via surgical evacuation of the abscess and proper drainage for some time with a very promising outcome. Additionally, this affection can be diagnosed based on history, clinical signs, and exploratory surgery, when relatively modern diagnostic techniques are not available.
Topics: Male; Animals; Cattle; Abscess; Urachal Cyst; Conservative Treatment; Urachus; Diagnosis, Differential; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 36589410
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i5.6 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Mar 2023Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is characterized by a spectrum of anomalies of the urogenital system, hindgut and perineum. It is presumed to be a... (Review)
Review
Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is characterized by a spectrum of anomalies of the urogenital system, hindgut and perineum. It is presumed to be a constellation of an embryonic defect. Herein, we analyzed the clinically diverse syndromes associated with URSMS in our perinatal evaluation unit. We reviewed fetuses with URSMS in referrals for perinatal autopsy over a period of 3 years. Chromosomal microarray and genome sequencing were performed whenever feasible. Literature was reviewed for syndromes or malformations with URSMS. We ascertained URSMS in 12 of the 215 (5%) fetuses. Nine fetuses (75%) had complete URSMS and remainder had partial/intermediate URSMS. Eleven fetuses had malformations of other systems that included: cerebral ventriculomegaly; right aortic arch with double outlet right ventricle; microcephaly with fetal akinesia deformation sequence; ventricular septal defect and radial ray anomaly; thoraco-abdominoschisis and limb defects; myelomeningocele; spina bifida and fused iliac bones; omphalocele; occipital encephalocele; lower limb amelia and cleft foot. We report on six fetuses with recurrent and five fetuses with unique malformations/patterns where URSMS is a component. Exome sequencing (one family) and genome sequencing (eight families) were performed and were nondiagnostic. Additionally, we review the literature for genetic basis of this condition. URMS is a clinically heterogeneous condition and is a component of several multiple malformation syndromes. We describe several unique and recurrent malformations associated with URSMS.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Syndrome; Urogenital Abnormalities; Anus, Imperforate; Abnormalities, Multiple; Fetus
PubMed: 36478354
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63067 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Jan 2023Five Enterobacter cloacae isolates were subjected to 10-day serial passage in broth microdilution with cefepime, meropenem, or ceftazidime-avibactam to evaluate...
Five Enterobacter cloacae isolates were subjected to 10-day serial passage in broth microdilution with cefepime, meropenem, or ceftazidime-avibactam to evaluate increases in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and resistance mechanisms after exposure. Post-exposure isolates displaying >2-fold changes from the parent isolate were analysed alongside the parent isolate. Increases in MIC were 4- to 256-fold (median: 16-fold) after cefepime exposure, 16- to 128-fold (64-fold) after meropenem, and 2- to 32-fold (8-fold) after ceftazidime-avibactam. Post-exposure isolates had diverse mechanisms, identified using a combination of short and long whole-genome sequencing. All agents selected for AmpC alterations in one isolate set. OmpC and TetA/AcrR regulator alterations were noted in meropenem and ceftazidime-avibactam post-exposure isolates of the same set. Other mutations in AmpC were noted when isolates were exposed to cefepime or ceftazidime-avibactam. A premature stop codon in the cell division inhibitor protein, MioC was observed when one parent isolate was exposed to any of the agents, indicating a cell persistence mechanism. Mutations in less common transporter systems and protein synthesis components were also noted. All agents showed cross-resistance to other β-lactams and resistance mechanisms were diverse, with some not usually associated with β-lactam resistance in Enterobacterales. This initial evaluation indicates that cefepime and meropenem select for isolates with higher MIC values compared to ceftazidime-avibactam. Further studies evaluating these findings should be performed for other species for which the primary β-lactam resistance mechanism is not gene acquisition. These studies should evaluate these observations in vivo to assess their translation into patient treatment policies.
Topics: Humans; Cefepime; Meropenem; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacter cloacae; beta-Lactamases; Ceftazidime; Azabicyclo Compounds; Drug Combinations; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36464152
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106698 -
Cureus Oct 2022Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by an embryological defect in the closure of the abdominal wall. It comprises a spectrum of defects about...
Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by an embryological defect in the closure of the abdominal wall. It comprises a spectrum of defects about severity, including epispadias in the mildest form and cloacal exstrophy in the worst. Surgical correction is required to achieve urinary continence, maintain normal renal function, achieve secured abdominal wall closure, and create cosmetically and functionally satisfactory genitalia. Iliac bone osteotomy is considered essential to achieve the above goals in most patients by reducing the tension of the closed abdominal wall layers, particularly when present late in infancy. Several types of pelvic iliac bone osteotomy have been described to aid bladder and cloacal exstrophy closure. They can be grouped into posterior iliac osteotomy, anterior iliac osteotomy, oblique (also called diagonal) iliac osteotomy, and a combination of posterior and anterior iliac osteotomy. We described here the Y-pelvic osteotomy, which was developed by the Manchester Orthopaedic Group in the United Kingdom. It has the advantage of anterior and posterior osteotomies but also has less risk to the neurovascular structures, less blood loss, and ease of surgical technique. The osteotomy was named the Y-pelvic osteotomy due to the morphological shape it resembles.
PubMed: 36415431
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30520 -
Extent and Resistance Patterns of ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated in Pus Swabs from Hospitalized Patients.The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2022Antimicrobial resistance has persisted as a global threat with increasing associated numbers of morbidity and mortality. ESKAPE ( and spp.) were termed by the...
Antimicrobial resistance has persisted as a global threat with increasing associated numbers of morbidity and mortality. ESKAPE ( and spp.) were termed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America as a group of bacteria with rapid antibiotic resistance development. The aim of the study was to describe the extent and resistance patterns of ESKAPE pathogens isolated in pus swabs from patients admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in August 2019. A total of 75 admitted patients with open wounds and surgical site infections were recruited. Files were analyzed to collect microbiology laboratory data and relevant patient data. A total of 76 clinically significant bacteria were isolated of which 52 bacteria were categorized as ESKAPE pathogens. The most common bacteria isolated were 25% ( = 19/76) and 17.1% A high level of antibiotic resistance was shown in all ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE pathogens. The Gram-negative bacteria of ESKAPE pathogens were further analyzed comparing 3 generation cephalosporin and carbapenems resistance patterns. showed the highest resistance towards 3 generation cephalosporin and carbapenems. In addition, showed high resistance to 3 generation cephalosporins with 89.5% resistance, with showing high resistance to carbapenems with 50.0% resistance. The burden of ESKAPE pathogens is high in pus swabs obtained from admitted patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. The results showed high antibiotic resistance within ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE pathogens including the "last resort" antibiotics: 3 generation cephalosporin and carbapenems.
PubMed: 36353409
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3511306 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Tagatose is a rare sugar that suppresses plant diseases, such as late blight of tomato, caused by . Tagatose can be metabolized by some microorganisms and no information...
Tagatose is a rare sugar that suppresses plant diseases, such as late blight of tomato, caused by . Tagatose can be metabolized by some microorganisms and no information is available on its persistence on tomato leaves. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence of tagatose on tomato leaves under commercial greenhouse conditions. The amount of tagatose on tomato leaves and the inhibitory activity against decreased seven days after spray application in the absence of rain wash-off. Potential tagatose-degrading bacteria were isolated from tomato leaves, and they belonged to sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., and sp. Thus, indigenous phyllosphere microorganisms could partially metabolize tagatose laid on plant leaves after spray application, reducing the persistence of this fungal inhibitor on tomato leaves.
PubMed: 36297805
DOI: 10.3390/plants11202781 -
Biophysical Journal Sep 2022The gut microbiome contains hundreds of interacting species that together influence host health and development. The mechanisms by which intestinal microbes can...
The gut microbiome contains hundreds of interacting species that together influence host health and development. The mechanisms by which intestinal microbes can interact, however, remain poorly mapped and are often modeled as spatially unstructured competitions for chemical resources. Recent imaging studies examining the zebrafish gut have shown that patterns of aggregation are central to bacterial population dynamics. In this study, we focus on bacterial species of genera Aeromonas and Enterobacter. Two zebrafish gut-derived isolates, Aeromonas ZOR0001 (AE) and Enterobacter ZOR0014 (EN), when mono-associated with the host, are highly aggregated and located primarily in the intestinal midgut. An Aeromonas isolate derived from the commensal strain, Aeromonas-MB4 (AE-MB4), differs from the parental strain in that it is composed mostly of planktonic cells localized to the anterior gut. When challenged by AE-MB4, clusters of EN rapidly fragment into non-motile, slow-growing, dispersed individual cells with overall abundance two orders of magnitude lower than the mono-association value. In the presence of a certain set of additional gut bacterial species, these effects on EN are dampened. In particular, if AE-MB4 invades an already established multi-species community, EN persists in the form of large aggregates. These observations reveal an unanticipated competition mechanism based on manipulation of bacterial spatial organization, namely dissolution of aggregates, and provide evidence that multi-species communities may facilitate stable intestinal co-existence.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Zebrafish
PubMed: 35982615
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.010 -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... 2022Serious threat to human health caused by bacterial infection persists as a global concern. It becomes more serious when the burden of multidrug-resistance bacteria is in... (Review)
Review
Serious threat to human health caused by bacterial infection persists as a global concern. It becomes more serious when the burden of multidrug-resistance bacteria is in the increasing trend. To overcome, researches have been conducted to develop antibacterial agents from plant-derived bioactive compounds. This review article focuses on the antibacterial activities of plant extracts from seven members, namely , , , , , , and . First, ethnomedical uses of the aforementioned plants are discussed and followed by the screening results of related phytochemicals. Among many secondary metabolites contained in the extracts of spp., anonaine, nornuciferine, and liriodenine are common and bioactive. The extracts were reported to have bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against a wide spectrum of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant , , , , , , , , and . We conclude that investigation on the extracts from spp. could contribute to the development of antibacterial agents that could be used against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
PubMed: 35935693
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_111_22 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Sewage effluent discharge is a major source of pathogenic contamination to the environment. The disinfection process is critical for the elimination of pathogens in...
Sewage effluent discharge is a major source of pathogenic contamination to the environment. The disinfection process is critical for the elimination of pathogens in sewage. In this study, we examined the impact of chlorine disinfection on the total, viable, and culturable populations of indicator bacteria, pathogens, and bacterial communities in two contrasting types of effluents (primarily treated saline and secondarily treated freshwater). Effluents collected bimonthly over 1 year were examined using cultivation, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing coupled with or without propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment. The results showed that each type of effluent was characterized by a specific set of representative genera before disinfection. Salinity appeared to be the major abiotic factor associated with the differences in bacterial community compositions. The pathogen analysis pipeline revealed over 20 viable clinically important pathogenic species in the effluents. Although the bacterial communities differed markedly between the two types of effluents before disinfection, the species of pathogens persisting after disinfection were similar, many of them were members of and . The relative abundances of all pathogens identified in the amplicon sequences were multiplied by the 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of total bacteria detected by PMA-qPCR to estimate their concentrations. Pathogens remained viable after disinfection reached 8 log 16S rRNA copies ml effluent. Meanwhile, around 80 % of the populations of three indicator bacteria including , and Bacteroidales were viable after disinfection, but over 99 % of the viable and were in the non-culturable state. We estimated the total pathogen load by adding the concentrations of all viable pathogens and examined their correlations with indicator bacteria of different types, physiological states, and effluents. The results showed that the PMA-qPCR measurement of is a reliable proxy of bacterial pathogen loads in both types of effluents. The utility of viable indicator bacteria as a biological index to assess the overall bacteriological hazards in effluents is discussed.
PubMed: 35898906
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919207 -
Insects Jul 2022Tardigrades are small micrometazoans able to resist several environmental stresses in any stage of their life cycle. An integrated analysis of tardigrade specimens...
Tardigrades are small micrometazoans able to resist several environmental stresses in any stage of their life cycle. An integrated analysis of tardigrade specimens collected in Tsukuba (Japan) revealed a peculiar morphology and a new sensory field in the cloaca. Molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis on different genes (COI, ITS2, 18S and 28S) confirmed that this population is a new species, sp. nov., belonging to the widespread group. The stress resistance capabilities of sp. nov. have been tested by submitting animals to extreme desiccation, rapid freezing, and high levels of ultraviolet radiations (UVB and UVC). Animals were able to survive desiccation (survivorship 95.71 ± 7.07%) and freezing up to -80 °C (82.33 ± 17.11%). Both hydrated and desiccated animals showed a high tolerance to increasing UV radiations: hydrated animals survived to doses up to 152.22 kJ m (UVB) and up to 15.00 kJ m (UVC), while desiccated specimens persisted to radiations up to 165.12 kJ m (UVB) and up to 35.00 kJ m (UVC). Present data contribute to the discovery of a larger tardigrade biodiversity in Japan, and the tolerance capabilities of sp. nov. show that it could become a new emerging model for stress resistance studies.
PubMed: 35886811
DOI: 10.3390/insects13070634