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Journal of Clinical Medicine Research May 2024Attrition is an important problem in clinical practice and research. However, the predictors of dropping out from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder...
BACKGROUND
Attrition is an important problem in clinical practice and research. However, the predictors of dropping out from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder (PD) are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to build a dropout prediction model for CBT for PD using machine learning (ML) algorithms.
METHODS
We treated 208 patients with PD applying group CBT. From baseline data, the prediction analysis was carried out using two ML algorithms, random forest and light gradient boosting machine. The baseline data included five personality dimensions in NEO Five Factor Index, depression subscale of Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, age, sex, and Panic Disorder Severity Scale.
RESULTS
Random forest identified dropout during CBT for PD showing that the accuracy of prediction was 88%. Light gradient boosting machine showed that the accuracy was 85%.
CONCLUSIONS
The ML algorithms could detect dropout after CBT for PD with relatively high accuracy. For the purpose of clinical decision-making, we could use this ML method. This study was conducted as a naturalistic study in a routine clinical setting. Therefore, our results in ML approach could be generalized to regular clinical settings.
PubMed: 38855785
DOI: 10.14740/jocmr5167 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Writing involves the activation of different processing modes than reading comprehension, and therefore the level of activation varies depending on the moment and the...
ABSTRACT
Writing involves the activation of different processing modes than reading comprehension, and therefore the level of activation varies depending on the moment and the task.
OBJECTIVES
to analyze the profiles in terms of the proposed coding from the PROESC in terms of personality disorders [Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) with drugs possession and consumption crimes (DPCC) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)] with gender violence crimes (GVC) in the prisoners.
DESIGN
The sample was composed of 194 men. The participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 (ASPD; DPCC) consisted of 81 men, and Group 2 (OCPD; GVC) consisted of 113 men.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
They completed the Demographic, Offense, and Behavioral Interview in Institutions, the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE), and Writing Processes Evaluation Battery (PROESC).
RESULTS
Group 2 made more mistake than Group 1 in narratives tasks.
CONCLUSION
Participants know phoneme-grapheme correspondence rules, language disturbances of a reiterative and persistent nature may appear in those who show compulsive behavior.
PubMed: 38855649
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1391463 -
Industrial Psychiatry Journal 2024Youth involvement in gaming has become an important concern for mental health professionals due to its significant impact on functionality and relationships. However,...
BACKGROUND
Youth involvement in gaming has become an important concern for mental health professionals due to its significant impact on functionality and relationships. However, the gaming motives and associated family relationships and personality traits in the Indian context are poorly understood.
AIM
The study examined problematic online gaming, including Internet gaming disorder in connection to gaming motives and personality, especially as they impact family relationships among Indian youth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study consisted of 179 participants (86 males; 93 females) with the age range of 18-25 years who were involved in Internet gaming in the last 1 year. The subjects were recruited using an online survey. Tools used were brief and included the Gaming Usage Questionnaire, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form, Motivation for Online Gaming Questionnaire UCLA Loneliness Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, Brief Family Relationships Questionnaire, and MINI International Personality Item Pool.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 21.99 ± 2.202 years. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that escape and competition motives, low cohesion in family relationships, low level of conscientiousness, and low level of intellect/imagination contributed to problematic gaming behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
The study established a relationship between gaming motives and both internal and external factors associated with problematic online gaming. Generalizing the findings across a larger youth population would help in developing informed preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing a gaming disorder.
PubMed: 38853819
DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_123_23 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Several studies have observed that mentalization-based treatment (MBT) is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD), but its effectiveness for...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have observed that mentalization-based treatment (MBT) is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD), but its effectiveness for other personality disorders (PDs) has hardly been examined. Additionally, the evidence supporting the claim that MBT improves mentalizing capacity is scarce. The present study examined whether (i) patients with a broad range of PDs enrolled in an MBT program would improve on several outcome measures (ii) mentalizing capacity would improve over time; (iii) patients with BPD would improve more than those with non-borderline PDs.
METHOD
Personality disorders, psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, maladaptive personality functioning and mentalizing capacity were measured in a group of individuals with various PDs (n = 46) that received MBT. Assessments were made at baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment. The severity of psychiatric symptoms, measured using the Outcome Questionnaire 45, was the primary outcome variable.
RESULTS
Overall, enrollment in the MBT program was associated with a decrease in psychiatric symptoms and an improvement of personality functioning, social functioning for a mixed group of PDs (all p's .01). Bigger effect sizes were observed for BPD patients (n = 25) than for patients with non-BPD (n = 21), but the difference failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). A primary analysis showed that the decrease in psychiatric symptoms was significant in BPD patients (p = 0.01), not in non-BPD (p = 0.19) patients. However, a sufficiently powered secondary analysis with imputed data showed that non-BPD patients reported a significant decrease in psychiatric symptoms too (p = 0.01). Mentalizing capacity of the whole group improved over time (d = .68 on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and 1.46 on the Social Cognition and Object Relations System).
DISCUSSION
These results suggest that MBT coincides with symptomatic and functional improvement across a broad range of PDs and shows that MBT is associated with improvements in mentalizing capacity. As the study is not experimental in design, we cannot make causal claims.
CONCLUSION
Mentalization-based treatment may be an effective treatment for patients with a broad range of PDs.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study design was approved by the Leiden University Ethical Committee.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Male; Mentalization; Personality Disorders; Borderline Personality Disorder; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Theory of Mind
PubMed: 38849750
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05865-2 -
Borderline Personality Disorder and... Jun 2024The physical and psychological benefits of physical activity are well-known, and physical activity has been proven to be a helpful adjunct to psychotherapeutic treatment...
BACKGROUND
The physical and psychological benefits of physical activity are well-known, and physical activity has been proven to be a helpful adjunct to psychotherapeutic treatment for many symptomatic disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders. The current study explores physical inactivity levels in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The first aim of this study is to describe the 12-year course of physical inactivity in patients with BPD. The second aim is to examine predictors of physical inactivity, including adversity experiences, comorbid symptomatic (formerly axis I) disorders, medical disorders, and demographic factors.
METHODS
Two hundred and forty-five patients with BPD were interviewed seven times over 12-years of prospective follow-up as part of the McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD). Patients were categorized as ever-recovered (i.e., patient had experienced a symptomatic and psychosocial recovery from BPD) or never-recovered. At each follow-up, patients reported physical activity levels (minutes of exercise per week) via a semi-structured interview- the Medical History and Services Utilization Interview (MHSUI). Data was collected from June 1992 to December 2018.
RESULTS
Never-recovered patients with BPD were significantly more inactive than their ever-recovered counterparts (p < 0.001). These rates of inactivity remained stable over time for both groups. Two significant multivariate predictors of inactivity were found: obesity (p = 0.003) and PTSD (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Non-recovered BPD patients are more likely to be inactive than patients who have recovered. Both clinical and medical factors appear to contribute to inactivity levels in patients with BPD.
PubMed: 38845011
DOI: 10.1186/s40479-024-00253-4 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2024The validity and clinical significance of the characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents are increasingly being recognized. The persistence... (Review)
Review
The validity and clinical significance of the characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents are increasingly being recognized. The persistence of BPD characteristics in adolescence is high and is associated with negative interpersonal, academic, professional, and financial outcomes. In the literature, BPD characteristics observed in children and adolescents are explained with psychodynamic theories, developmental models, and evolutionary approaches. Emotional dysregulation, interpersonal dysfunction, impulsivity, and self-harming behavior, negative life events, temperament characteristics, neuropsychological dysfunctions, neuroanatomical, genetic, hormonal, and immunological factors may play a role in BPD etiopathogenesis. This review aims to address different approaches and relevant factors for the development of BPD. The articles published between 1968-2021 in the PubMed database were reviewed, and prominent studies were selected for evaluation. The importance of invalidating environment, epistemic freezing and hypermentalization, complex or attachment trauma is emphasized in psychodynamic and developmental literature. In the evolutionary approach, on the other hand, romantic relationships and the onset of reproduction are emphasized as the reason for the emergence of symptoms during adolescence, and it is argued that BPD is related to the rapid life history strategy. It is stated that a decrease in volume in the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, which are involved in top-down emotional processing, and an increase in the activity of thalamus and hippocampus regions, which are involved in bottom-up emotional processing are observed in adolescents with BPD characteristics when compared to healthy controls. It is thought that the increase in activation in the superior temporal gyrus and precuneus observed in adolescents with BPD features is a neural indicator of hypermentalization, and the increase in activation in the insula is a neural indicator of social pain. It has been reported that the decrease in resting heart rate and the increase in heart rate variability observed in adolescents with BPD symptoms are associated with the activation of the parasympathetic system. BPD in adolescents is a disorder that challenges clinicians in terms of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment. It is crucial to evaluate the factors related to etiopathogenesis in BPD in a multifaceted and detailed manner. Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation, Mentalization, Trauma, Self-harming Behavior, Temperamental Characteristics.
Topics: Humans; Borderline Personality Disorder; Adolescent; Child
PubMed: 38842155
DOI: 10.5080/u26852 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Causal relationships between psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, coping mechanisms, and sleep bruxism (SB) were studied in the past, giving inconsistent...
Why am I grinding and clenching? Exploration of personality traits, coping strategies, oral parafunctional behaviors, and severe sleep bruxism in a polysomnographic study.
INTRODUCTION
Causal relationships between psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, coping mechanisms, and sleep bruxism (SB) were studied in the past, giving inconsistent results mostly based on self-assessment evaluations. This polysomnography-based cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationships between severe SB, personality traits (according to the Big Five model), and coping strategies with objective polysomnographic verification.
METHODOLOGY
The study included 66 participants divided into severe SB (SSB) (n=32) and no or mild SB (n=34) groups based on video-polysomnography performed in the sleep laboratory. Questionnaire assessment included the use of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Mini-COPE, International Personality Item Pool Big Five Markers 20-Item version, and Oral Behavior Checklist.
RESULTS
Participants with SSB presented with fewer self-reported anxiety (p=0.008) and depressive (p=0.01) symptoms than the non- or mild-SB groups. The SSB group scored significantly higher in Big Five personal traits such as extraversion (p=0.007), emotional stability (p=0.013), and intellect (p=0.004), while regarding coping strategies, the SSB group was less likely to use negative strategies: self-distraction (p=0.036), denial (p=0.006), venting (p=0.03), behavioral disengagement (p=0.046), and self-blame (p=0.003), and turning to religion (p=0.041). The intensity of oral parafunctional behaviors was comparable in both groups (p=0.054). Emotional stability was a moderate protective factor (p=0.004), and the self-blame strategy was a strong risk factor (p<0.001) for increased oral parafunctional behavior intensity. Phasic activity negatively correlated with anxiety symptom severity (p=0.005), whereas tonic (p=0.122) and mixed (p=0.053) phenotypes did not. SB intensity was a protective factor against anxiety symptoms (p=0.016).
CONCLUSION
In terms of psychopathology, severe sleep bruxers tend to present less severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, while some of their personality traits (extraversion, emotional stability, and intellect) were more strongly pronounced. SSB is possibly related to the lesser use of the "maladaptive" coping strategies and there were no specific coping strategies preferred by SSB participants, compared to the other group. These observations require further studies, as it should be determined whether SB (especially phasic activity) might be a form of a somatization/functional disorder. Further research should focus on the psychogenic background of oral parafunctional behaviors, which occur more often in less emotionally stable personalities and in people using self-blame coping strategies.
PubMed: 38840944
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362429 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Polyvagal theory advocates for working with the body, becoming aware of the body and connecting with the senses. Similarly, paying attention to and influencing one's...
Polyvagal theory advocates for working with the body, becoming aware of the body and connecting with the senses. Similarly, paying attention to and influencing one's physical and sensory experience is a core aspect of the creative arts and psychomotor therapies. Polyvagal theory offers opportunities for strengthening resilience by treating emotion-regulation problems, stress, and trauma, as well as restoring regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Paying attention to and influencing physical and sensory experiences are core aspects of creative arts and psychomotor therapies. This theoretical paper explores how polyvagal theory can serve as a foundational theory and support the creative arts and psychomotor therapies for emotion regulation in stress and trauma. A number of pillars in polyvagal theory have links with arts therapies, such as an emphasis on physical and sensory experience in situations of safety or threat. This theory may offer insight into the role of the body in stressful situations, the role of co-and self-regulation, and thus the functioning of and the rationale for use of creative arts and psychomotor therapies. Through interventions focused on promoting healthy autonomic responses and regulating physiological responses, clients can learn to better regulate and process their emotional experiences. Although this could be broadly useful, it would seem particularly promising in therapies focused on stress and trauma. This article provides an introduction to polyvagal theory and outlines how it can serve as an explanatory, hypothetical model for the working mechanisms that underlie creative arts and psychomotor therapies. The application of PVT in creative arts and psychomotor therapies will be explored by describing techniques for "noticing and naming" and "learning to change," as well as by highlighting the role of PVT in the therapeutic relationship. It provides case examples and discusses the role of creative arts and psychomotor therapies for stress regulation and resilience conceptualized in line with the polyvagal theory.
PubMed: 38840744
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382007 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain unclear. In this study, these aspects were examined in individuals with schizotypal traits and individuals with depressive symptoms, i.e., subclinical populations of patients with schizophrenia and depression.
METHODS
Forty-two individuals with schizotypal traits, 42 individuals with subclinical depression, and 42 controls were recruited to complete a mind wandering thought sampling task (state level) and a mind wandering questionnaire (trait level). Measures of rumination and cognitive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) were also completed by participants.
RESULTS
Both subclinical groups exhibited more state and trait mind wandering than did the control group. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal traits demonstrated more trait mind wandering than individuals with subclinical depression. Rumination, sustained attention, and working memory were associated with mind wandering. In addition, mind wandering in individuals with subclinical depression can be accounted for by rumination or attention, while mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits cannot be accounted for by rumination, attention, or working memory.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that individuals with high schizotypal traits and subclinical depression have different patterns of mind wandering and mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding the unique profile of mind wandering in subclinical individuals.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Attention; Memory, Short-Term; Depression; Adult; Young Adult; Thinking; Rumination, Cognitive; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent
PubMed: 38840083
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05871-4 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.919191.].
Corrigendum: Epistemic trust and personality functioning mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in adulthood.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.919191.].
PubMed: 38835551
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1427500