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Allergologie Select 2024Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most frequent occupational skin diseases. Targeted allergen avoidance can only be achieved by identification of the causative... (Review)
Review
Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most frequent occupational skin diseases. Targeted allergen avoidance can only be achieved by identification of the causative allergen. Therefore, patch testing is of utmost importance in occupational dermatology, not only in terms of assessing causal relationships but also regarding the implementation of prevention measures and evaluation of the legal criteria for an occupational skin disease in Germany (statutory occupational disease BK 5101). The lack of commercial patch test preparations poses a great diagnostic challenge. Patch testing of patient's own materials from their workplace is therefore very important to reduce diagnostic gaps. The performance and documentation of the patch test should be in line with current guidelines and recommendations to ensure the necessary test quality and comprehensibility of the test results.
PubMed: 38756208
DOI: 10.5414/ALX2483E -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jul 2024On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (HPLC-GC-FID) was used to compare the effect of hydrogen, helium and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparison of carrier gases for the separation and quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) fractions using online coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection.
On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (HPLC-GC-FID) was used to compare the effect of hydrogen, helium and nitrogen as carrier gases on the chromatographic characteristics for the quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) traces in food related matrices. After optimisation of chromatographic parameters nitrogen carrier gas exhibited characteristics equivalent to hydrogen and helium regarding requirements set by current guidelines and standardisation such as linear range, quantification limit and carry over. Though nitrogen expectedly led to greater peak widths, all required separations of standard compounds were sufficient and humps of saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOAH) were appropriate to enable quantitation similar to situations where hydrogen or helium had been used. Slightly increased peak widths of individual hump components did not affect shapes and widths of the MOSH and MOAH humps were not significantly affected by the use of nitrogen as carrier gas. Notably, nitrogen carrier gas led to less solvent peak tailing and smaller baseline offset. Overall, nitrogen may be regarded as viable alternative to hydrogen or helium and may even extend the range of quantifiable compounds to highly volatile hydrocarbon eluting directly after the solvent peak.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Gas; Mineral Oil; Hydrocarbons; Nitrogen; Helium; Hydrogen; Flame Ionization; Gases
PubMed: 38744185
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464946 -
Archives of Razi Institute Oct 2023Scabies is considered an external parasite notorious for its high prevalence causing severe and contagious skin lesions in humans and animals worldwide. This study has...
Scabies is considered an external parasite notorious for its high prevalence causing severe and contagious skin lesions in humans and animals worldwide. This study has introduced a medicine to treat dogs infested with scabies (variants of Demodex, Sarcoptes, Psoroptes, Otodectes, etc.). The present study offers a no-side-effect herbal formulation to treat dogs infested with scabies. Unlike oral and injectable medicines, which take the form of an ointment and are topically applied on-site, this medicinal formulation can be easily used without concerns over its side effects or consumption dosages. This medicinal formulation requires no skin rinsing due to its herbal and high skin absorption properties, as recovery may take less than a month with a maximum of two times of application. To carry out the experiment, 25 sick dogs with various breeds and ages suspected of scabies were gathered. Following accurate morphological examinations of all the samples, a deep skin chip of the lesion site was provided, which was examined by a microscope. Then, 13 dogs (Mix, Terrier, Pug, Husky, Spitz) were infested with Demodex scabies and 12 dogs (Pittbull, Mix, Shih Tzu, Terrier, Boxer, Setter) with Sarcoptic scabies. The prepared product was topically administered at a constant 2% dosage to the bodies of all the samples. To prepare the ointment, 1 g of Borax (NaBO·10HO) was first dissolved in 35 g deionized water and heated to 70°C. Then, 45 g of liquid paraffin (CH) was mixed with 1 g of Carvacrol (CHO) and 1 g of geranium (CHO) and stirred well to become a phase. Later, 17 g of the melted beeswax (CHCOOC3H) was added to the liquid paraffin compound. In the end, the aqueous phase was added to the oil phase, and the mixture process immediately began in one direction with a glass stirrer and continued until the product cooled down. Essential oils (EO) was obtained by steam distillation of fresh Thyme and Rose-Acented Geranium in a stainless steel distillation apparatus (alembic) for 3 h. The main components of the essential oils used in the formulation were performed using a Hewlett-Packard GC system interfaced with a mass spectrometer equipped with an HP5-MS capillary column (30 m, 0.32 mm, 0.25 µm film thicknesses). For GC-MS detection, electron ionization with ionization energy of 70 eV was used. To examine the presence of scabies, weekly skin sampling was performed, and the treatment continued until 30 days, when no skin chip of the scabies was noted. The findings revealed that the formulation developed no side effects and removed the daily use, as it could be administered once or twice a week. Also, complete recovery of scabies in all the breeds was found to be less than a month at most. This medicinal formulationcan be easily used without concerns over its side effects or consumption dosages. This study introduced a herbal formulation with effective herbal ingredients without any side effects to treat the sarcoptes and demodex parasites; unlike other chemical compounds, this medicinal formulation has no side effects, while some other formulations could develop side effects.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Scabies; Parasites; Mineral Oil; Ointments; Sarcoptes scabiei; Plant Breeding; Plant Extracts; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 38590675
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2023.78.5.1472 -
Medicine Apr 2024Epistaxis is one of the common emergencies in otolaryngology. There are many causes of epistaxis, but reports of epistaxis due to nasal foreign bodies like leeches are...
RATIONALE
Epistaxis is one of the common emergencies in otolaryngology. There are many causes of epistaxis, but reports of epistaxis due to nasal foreign bodies like leeches are rare.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 55-year-old male presented with "repeated epistaxis for over 20 days." Nasal endoscopy revealed a live leech in the olfactory area of the left nostril.
DIAGNOSES
The patient was diagnosed with epistaxis caused by a live leech in the nasal cavity.
INTERVENTIONS
Under nasal endoscopy, the leech was grasped with a vascular clamp and removed from the nasal cavity. The leech measured 8 cm in length. Hemostasis was achieved using a gelatin sponge at the wound site, and the nasal cavity was packed with Vaseline gauze.
OUTCOMES
The live leech was removed via nasal endoscopy. Two days later, the Vaseline gauze packing was removed, and the patient experienced no further nasal bleeding.
CONCLUSION
Live leeches in the nasal cavity can cause epistaxis. Nasal endoscopic removal of the live leech is an effective treatment.
LESSON
There are many causes of epistaxis, which are nonspecific and prone to missed or incorrect diagnosis. In patients with a history of fieldwork or direct contact with leeches who present with recurrent nasal bleeding, the possibility of epistaxis caused by a live leech should be considered, and timely and effective treatment should be provided.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Endoscopy; Epistaxis; Leeches; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Petrolatum
PubMed: 38579026
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037720 -
PloS One 2024Selection of adjuvant to be combined with the antigen is an extremely important point for formulating effective vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate...
Selection of adjuvant to be combined with the antigen is an extremely important point for formulating effective vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate reactogenicity, levels of IgM, IgG and subclasses (IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3), and protection elicited by vaccine formulations with association of chitosan coated alginate or Montanide ISA 61 with γ-irradiated Brucella ovis. The alginate/chitosan biopolymers as well as the Montanide ISA 61 emulsion elicited intense and long-lasting local response, especially when associated with the antigen. However, Montanide ISA 61 induced less intense reactogenicity when compared to alginate/chitosan. Furthermore, γ-irradiated B. ovis with Montanide ISA 61 induced higher levels of IgG2b an important marker of cellular immune response. In conclusion, Montanide ISA 61 resulted in milder reactogenicity when compared to the alginate/chitosan, while it induced a high IgG2b/IgG1 ratio compatible with a Th1 profile response.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Sheep; Adjuvants, Vaccine; Chitosan; Capsules; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Vaccines; Immunoglobulin G; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mineral Oil
PubMed: 38573916
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298117 -
Health Science Reports Apr 2024To assess patient comfort, wound healing, and scarring at the 6-month follow-up of split-skin graft donor sites treated with Ba-Hao burn ointment (BHBO) gauze, a...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
To assess patient comfort, wound healing, and scarring at the 6-month follow-up of split-skin graft donor sites treated with Ba-Hao burn ointment (BHBO) gauze, a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine since 1970s, compared with petrolatum gauze.
METHODS
Thirty patients admitted to the Department of Burns of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between September 2021 and September 2022 participated in this randomized, prospective, self-control clinical study. After harvesting the split skin, donor sites were divided into two parts along the midline. BHBO gauze was applied to half of the donor wounds, and petrolatum gauze was applied to the other half. The wound healing time, pain scores on the postoperative Days 3, 6, and 9, and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score at the 6-month follow-up were assessed.
RESULTS
The wound healing time was significantly shorter in the BHBO group than in the control group (10.07 ± 1.48 days vs. 11.50 ± 1.74 days, < 0.001). On postoperative Days 3 and 6, the pain scores quantified by visual analog scores were significantly lower in the BHBO group than in the control group (5.33 ± 1.54 and 4.17 ± 1.51, respectively vs. 7.57 ± 1.41 and 5.20 ± 1.47, respectively). The difference in the visual analog scale score on postoperative Day 9 between the groups was not significant ( > 0.05). Microbiological assessment revealed the absence of bacterial contamination in both groups. At the 6-month follow up, the VSS score was significantly lower in the BHBO group (6.67 ± 1.92) than in the control group (9.57 ± 1.55).
CONCLUSION
BHBO resulted in faster donor-site healing, reduced postoperative pain, and improved scar quality at the 6-month follow-up than petrolatum gauze alone.
PubMed: 38572119
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1988 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Mar 2024This case report describes a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) resulting from the inhalation of a lipoid substance. Lipoid pneumonia, also known as cholesterol...
INTRODUCTION
This case report describes a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) resulting from the inhalation of a lipoid substance. Lipoid pneumonia, also known as cholesterol pneumonia or golden pneumonia, is an uncommon inflammatory lung disease characterized by the presence of lipid-laden macrophages in the alveolar walls and lung interstitial tissue. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia occurs when substances containing lipids enter the airways through aspiration or inhalation, triggering an inflammatory response.
CASE REPORT
The patient in this case study was an 83-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes mellitus who had been using paraffin oil as a mouthwash for an extended period. The diagnosis of exogenous lipoid pneumonia was established based on the patient's history of exposure to liquid paraffin oil, typical radiological findings, and histopathological examination.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Pneumonia, Lipid; Mineral Oil; Lung; Oils; Paraffin
PubMed: 38549489
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/168783 -
BMC Veterinary Research Mar 2024Senecavirus A (SVA) causes an emerging vesicular disease (VD) with clinical symptoms indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, including vesicular stomatitis...
BACKGROUND
Senecavirus A (SVA) causes an emerging vesicular disease (VD) with clinical symptoms indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, including vesicular stomatitis (VS), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and swine vesicular disease (SVD). Currently, SVA outbreaks have been reported in Canada, the U.S.A, Brazil, Thailand, Vietnam, Colombia, and China. Based on the experience of prevention and control of FMDV, vaccines are the best means to prevent SVA transmission.
RESULTS
After preparing an SVA inactivated vaccine (CH-GX-01-2019), we evaluated the immunogenicity of the SVA inactivated vaccine mixed with Imject® Alum (SVA + AL) or Montanide ISA 201 (SVA + 201) adjuvant in mice, as well as the immunogenicity of the SVA inactivated vaccine combined with Montanide ISA 201 adjuvant in post-weaned pigs. The results of the mouse experiment showed that the immune effects in the SVA + 201 group were superior to that in the SVA + AL group. Results from pigs immunized with SVA inactivated vaccine combined with Montanide ISA 201 showed that the immune effects were largely consistent between the SVA-H group (200 µg) and SVA-L group (50 µg); the viral load in tissues and blood was significantly reduced and no clinical symptoms occurred in the vaccinated pigs.
CONCLUSIONS
Montanide ISA 201 is a better adjuvant choice than the Imject® Alum adjuvant in the SVA inactivated vaccine preparation, and the CH-GX-01-2019 SVA inactivated vaccine can provide effective protection for pigs.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Swine; Vaccines, Inactivated; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Mineral Oil; Alum Compounds; Mannitol; Picornaviridae; Oleic Acids
PubMed: 38448902
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03949-5 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024Moisturization causes physiological changes that improve the barrier function of human skin and mechanical changes, including skin friction characteristics. This study...
Moisturization causes physiological changes that improve the barrier function of human skin and mechanical changes, including skin friction characteristics. This study evaluated petrolatum- or silicone oil-treated human skin to determine the effect of moisturizing on the friction dynamics. The friction force on the human skin was measured using a contact probe with a sinusoidal motion. The contact probe was used to rub the skin of the upper arm of 20 subjects. The water content of the stratum corneum, softness, and barrier function of the skin were measured using a corneometer, cutometer, and tewameter, respectively. Both oils reduce the frictional force on the human skin. Simultaneously, silicone oil also reduced the delay time δ, which is the standardized time difference between the frictional force response to contact probe movement. Three typical friction patterns were also discovered, which were significantly changed by the treatment with oil. These changes were attributed to the lubrication effect and elimination of adhesion at the true contact point between the skin and the contact probe.
Topics: Humans; Friction; Silicone Oils; Skin; Oils; Epidermis
PubMed: 38311408
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23166 -
Theriogenology Mar 2024Most in vitro models of oviduct epithelial cells (OEC) used thus far to gain insights into embryo-maternal communication induce cell dedifferentiation or are technically...
Most in vitro models of oviduct epithelial cells (OEC) used thus far to gain insights into embryo-maternal communication induce cell dedifferentiation or are technically challenging. Moreover, although the presence of developing embryos has been shown to alter gene expression in OEC, the effect of embryos on OEC physiology remains largely unknown. Here, we propose a model based on bovine oviduct epithelial spheroids (OES) with specific shape and diameter (100-200 μm) criteria. The aims of this study were to i) determine the appropriate culture conditions of bovine OES cultured in suspension by evaluating their morphology, total cell number, viability, and activity of ciliated cells; ii) monitor gene expression in OES at the time of their formation (day 0) and over the 10 days of culture; and iii) test whether the vicinity of developing embryos affects OES quality criteria. On day 10, the proportions of vesicle-shaped OES (V-OES) were higher in M199/500 (500 μl of HEPES-buffered TCM-199) and synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF)/25 (25-μL droplet of SOF medium under mineral oil) than in M199/25 (25-μL droplet of M199 under mineral oil). The proportion of viable cells in V-OES was not affected by culture conditions and remained high (>80%) through day 10. The total number of cells per V-OES decreased over time except in SOF/25, while the proportions of ciliated cells increased over time in M199/500 but decreased in M199/25 and SOF/25. The movement amplitude of OES in suspension decreased over time under all culture conditions. Moreover, the gene expression of ANXA1, ESR1, HSPA8, and HSPA1A in OES remained stable during culture, while that of PGR and OVGP1 decreased from day 0 to day 10. Last, the co-culture of developing embryos with OES in SOF/25 increased the rates of blastocysts on days 7 and 8 compared to embryos cultured alone, and increased the proportion of V-OES compared to OES cultured alone. In conclusion, M199/500 and SOF/25 provided the optimal conditions for the long-time culture of OES. The supporting effect of OES on embryo development and of developing embryos on OES morphology was evidenced for the first time. Altogether, these results point OES as an easy-to-use, standardizable, and physiological model to study embryo-maternal interactions in cattle.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Mineral Oil; Fertilization in Vitro; Embryo, Mammalian; Fallopian Tubes; Oviducts; Blastocyst; Culture Media; Embryonic Development
PubMed: 38271765
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.022