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Food Chemistry: X Oct 2024To investigate the changes of phenolic metabolite during different grains fermentation stages of Chinse Baijiu, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole...
To investigate the changes of phenolic metabolite during different grains fermentation stages of Chinse Baijiu, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was applied to identify and analyze the different phenolic metabolites, combined with principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Results indicated that significant differences in phenolic metabolites during different fermentation stages were found. Among the 231 phenolic metabolites detected, 36, 31, 19, 23, 14, and 50 differential phenolic metabolites were screened between different groups using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Twelve metabolic pathways with high correlation of differential phenolic metabolites and 23 main participating differential metabolites were identified through KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. The present study preliminarily revealed the differences of phenolic metabolites at different fermentation stages, and providing a theoretical basis for the further improving of the taste and quality of Chinese Baijiu.
PubMed: 38911472
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101531 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Jun 2024Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) or Buerger's disease (BD) is a small and medium-sized arteriovenous segmental occlusive inflammatory disease frequently occurring in men...
INTRODUCTION
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) or Buerger's disease (BD) is a small and medium-sized arteriovenous segmental occlusive inflammatory disease frequently occurring in men as compared to women. Although a common etiological agent is smoking or tobacco consumption, it has also been reported infrequently in non-smokers. Except for smoking other etiological agents, HLA, autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, and periodontitis have also been suggested. Minimally invasive pain and spine intervention (MIPSI) like stellate ganglion neurolysis with 8% phenol, 10 days apart in patients suffering from bilateral digital ischemia of both hands is a safe and effective treatment.
CASE REPORT
Fifty-five-year-old female with chief complaints of burning pain, swelling, and blackening of all five fingers of the right and four fingers of the left hands excluding the thumb for the past 3 months. On examination, pulse was almost absent at the wrist in both hands. There was no history of smoking. Under aseptic precautions, fluoroscopy and radiocontrast guidance stellate ganglion neurolysis with a 22G spinal needle, 2 ml of 8% phenol, 2 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 4 mg of dexamethasone were given at C7 vertebral level 10 days apart on both sides. After 3-4 months of stellate ganglion phenol chemical neurolysis, involved fingers were saved except the gangrenous part which was autoamputated itself in due course of time.
CONCLUSION
Bilateral interval (10 days apart) chemical neurolysis of stellate ganglion in Buerger's disease involving both hands is a safe and effective technique in terms of control of disease progression, pain, cardiac complications, and recurrent laryngeal nerve-related complications.
PubMed: 38910976
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i06.4496 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The placebo-reward hypothesis postulates that positive effects of treatment expectations on health (i.e., placebo effects) and reward processing share common neural...
The placebo-reward hypothesis postulates that positive effects of treatment expectations on health (i.e., placebo effects) and reward processing share common neural underpinnings. Moreover, experiments in humans and animals indicate that reward uncertainty increases striatal dopamine, which is presumably involved in placebo responses and reward learning. Therefore, treatment uncertainty analogously to reward uncertainty may affect updating from rewards after placebo treatment. Here, we address whether different degrees of uncertainty regarding the efficacy of a sham treatment affect reward sensitivity. In an online between-subjects experiment with N = 141 participants, we systematically varied the provided efficacy instructions before participants first received a sham treatment that consisted of listening to binaural beats and then performed a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. We fitted a Q-learning model including two different learning rates for positive (gain) and negative (loss) reward prediction errors and an inverse gain parameter to behavioral decision data in the reinforcement learning task. Our results yielded an inverted-U-relationship between provided treatment efficacy probability and learning rates for gain, such that higher levels of treatment uncertainty, rather than of expected net efficacy, affect presumably dopamine-related reward learning. These findings support the placebo-reward hypothesis and suggest harnessing uncertainty in placebo treatment for recovering reward learning capabilities.
Topics: Humans; Placebo Effect; Male; Uncertainty; Female; Reinforcement, Psychology; Adult; Reward; Young Adult; Learning; Treatment Outcome; Dopamine; Adolescent
PubMed: 38909105
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64240-z -
Hereditas Jun 2024The Balanophorae are not only traditional Chinese herbal medicines but also functional foods with diverse sources. This study aimed to distinguish pharmacognostic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The Balanophorae are not only traditional Chinese herbal medicines but also functional foods with diverse sources. This study aimed to distinguish pharmacognostic characteristics and secondary metabolites among different species of Balanophorae. Eight species of Balanophorae herbs were harvested, including 21 batches with 209 samples. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze secondary metabolites of Balanophorae from 21 sources. Targeted metabolomic analysis was performed to compare differences among the groups. Rhopalocnemis phalloide and B. indica can be identified by their pharmacognostic characteristics. Then, 41 secondary metabolites were identified or characterized in the mixed extracts of the 209 samples, mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their derivatives. The distribution of these secondary metabolites revealed apparent differences among different species. In addition, targeted metabolomic analysis suggested that the secondary metabolite profiles of seven species of Balanophorae showed noticeable differences, and differences were also observed among different growing regions. Finally, five important metabolic markers were screened to successfully distinguish B. laxiflora, B. harlandii, and B. polyandra, including three phenolic acids and two flavonoids. This is the first study to systematically compare both the morphology and secondary metabolites among different sources of Balanophorae, which could provide effective information for identifying diverse species.
Topics: Metabolomics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flavonoids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pharmacognosy; Metabolome; Secondary Metabolism; Mass Spectrometry; Hydroxybenzoates; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38907290
DOI: 10.1186/s41065-024-00323-1 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024Drought stress poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, especially in areas susceptible to water scarcity. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a widely...
Mitigation of drought-induced stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) via foliar application of Jasmonic acid through the augmentation of growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes.
Drought stress poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, especially in areas susceptible to water scarcity. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a widely cultivated oilseed crop with considerable potential globally. Jasmonic acid, a plant growth regulator, plays a crucial role in alleviating the adverse impacts of drought stress on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of crops. Experimental detail includes sunflower varieties (Armani Gold, KQS-HSF-1, Parsun, and ESFH-3391), four drought stress levels (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% drought stress), and three levels (0, 40ppm, 80ppm) of jasmonic acid. The 0% drought stress and 0ppm jasmonic acid were considered as control treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Drought stress significantly reduced the growth in all varieties. However, the exogenous application of jasmonic acid at concentrations of 40ppm and 80ppm enhanced growth parameters, shoot and root length (1.93%, 19%), shoot and root fresh weight (18.5%, 25%), chlorophyll content (36%), photosynthetic rate (22%), transpiration rate (40%), WUE (20%), MDA (6.5%), Phenolics (19%), hydrogen peroxide (7%) proline (28%) and glycine betaine (15-30%) under water-stressed conditions, which was closely linked to the increase in stomatal activity stimulated by jasmonic acid. Furthermore, JA 80 ppm was found to be the most appropriate dose to reduce the effect of water stress in all sunflower varieties. It was concluded that the foliar application of JA has the potential to enhance drought tolerance by improving the morphological, biochemical, and physiological of sunflower.
Topics: Oxylipins; Cyclopentanes; Helianthus; Droughts; Plant Growth Regulators; Stress, Physiological; Plant Leaves; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll
PubMed: 38907232
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05273-4 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Parabens (PBs) are used as preservatives in various products. They pollute the environment and penetrate living organisms, showing endocrine disrupting activity. Till...
Parabens (PBs) are used as preservatives in various products. They pollute the environment and penetrate living organisms, showing endocrine disrupting activity. Till now studies on long-term exposure of farm animals to PBs have not been performed. Among matrices using in PBs biomonitoring hair samples are becoming more and more important. During this study concentration levels of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP) butyl paraben (BuP) and benzyl paraben (BeP) were evaluated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in hair samples collected from dairy cows bred in the Kyrgyz Republic. MeP was noted in 93.8% of samples (with mean concentration levels 62.2 ± 61.8 pg/mg), PrP in 16.7% of samples (12.4 ± 6.5 pg/mg) and EtP in 8.3% of samples (21.4 ± 11.9 pg/mg). BuP was found only in one sample (2.1%) and BeP was not detected in any sample included in the study. Some differences in MeP concentration levels in the hair samples depending on district, where cows were bred were noted. This study has shown that among PBs, dairy cows are exposed mainly to MeP, and hair samples may be a suitable matrix for research on PBs levels in farm animals.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Parabens; Hair; Female; Chromatography, Liquid; Hair Analysis; Dairying; Environmental Exposure; Biological Monitoring
PubMed: 38906953
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65347-z -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Dopamine is one of the significant neurotransmitters and its monitoring in biological fluids is a critical issue in healthcare and modern biomedical technology. Here, we...
Dopamine is one of the significant neurotransmitters and its monitoring in biological fluids is a critical issue in healthcare and modern biomedical technology. Here, we have developed a dopamine biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). For this purpose, the carboxymethyl dextran SPR chip was used as a surface to immobilize laccase as a bioaffinity recognition element. Data analysis exhibited that the acidic pH value is the optimal condition for dopamine interaction. Calculated kinetic affinity (K) (48,545 nM), obtained from a molecular docking study, showed strong association of dopamine with the active site of laccase. The biosensor exhibited a linearity from 0.01 to 189 μg/ml and a lower detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml (signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3) that is significantly higher than the most direct dopamine detecting sensors reported so far. Experiments for specificity in the presence of compounds that can co-exist with dopamine detection such as ascorbic acid, urea and L-dopa showed no significant interference. The current dopamine biosensor with high sensitivity and specificity, represent a novel detection tool that offers a label-free, simple procedure and cost effective monitoring system.
Topics: Surface Plasmon Resonance; Dopamine; Biosensing Techniques; Molecular Docking Simulation; Laccase; Limit of Detection; Enzymes, Immobilized; Kinetics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Dextrans
PubMed: 38906902
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64796-w -
Nature Communications Jun 2024The introduction of single-atom catalysts (SACs) into Fenton-like oxidation promises ultrafast water pollutant elimination, but the limited access to pollutants and...
The introduction of single-atom catalysts (SACs) into Fenton-like oxidation promises ultrafast water pollutant elimination, but the limited access to pollutants and oxidant by surface catalytic sites and the intensive oxidant consumption still severely restrict the decontamination performance. While nanoconfinement of SACs allows drastically enhanced decontamination reaction kinetics, the detailed regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we unveil that, apart from local enrichment of reactants, the catalytic pathway shift is also an important cause for the reactivity enhancement of nanoconfined SACs. The surface electronic structure of cobalt site is altered by confining it within the nanopores of mesostructured silica particles, which triggers a fundamental transition from singlet oxygen to electron transfer pathway for 4-chlorophenol oxidation. The changed pathway and accelerated interfacial mass transfer render the nanoconfined system up to 34.7-fold higher pollutant degradation rate and drastically raised peroxymonosulfate utilization efficiency (from 61.8% to 96.6%) relative to the unconfined control. It also demonstrates superior reactivity for the degradation of other electron-rich phenolic compounds, good environment robustness, and high stability for treating real lake water. Our findings deepen the knowledge of nanoconfined catalysis and may inspire innovations in low-carbon water purification technologies and other heterogeneous catalytic applications.
PubMed: 38906879
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49605-2 -
Journal of Environmental Management Jun 2024In many industrial processes a large amount of water with high salinity is co-produced whose treatment poses considerable challenges to the available technologies. The...
In many industrial processes a large amount of water with high salinity is co-produced whose treatment poses considerable challenges to the available technologies. The produced water (PW) from offshore operations is currently being discharged to sea without treatment for dissolved pollutants due to space limitations. A biofilter on the seabed adjacent to a production platform would negate all size restrictions, thus reducing the environmental impact of oil and gas production offshore. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was investigated for PW treatment from different oilfields in the North Sea at 10 °C and 40 °C, corresponding to the sea and PW temperature, respectively. The six PW samples in study were characterized by high salinity and chemical oxygen demand with ecotoxic effects on marine algae S. pseudocostatum (0.4%
phenols, naphthalenes and BTEX. The biofilm was able to handle PW with high oil in water content from unstable production, as well as high salinity. Thus, MBBR seems to be a realistic solution to treat PW with complex and variable composition by removing harmful components towards the zero harmful discharge goal. PubMed: 38905793
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121391 -
Poultry Science May 2024Delivering natural antioxidants via in ovo feeding holds promise for enhancing the antioxidant status and performance of chickens. Therefore, The objective of this study...
Delivering natural antioxidants via in ovo feeding holds promise for enhancing the antioxidant status and performance of chickens. Therefore, The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of in ovo feeding during early embryonic development using grape pomace extract as a natural antioxidant on hatchability, productive performance, immune response, and antioxidant status in broilers. A total of 900 fertile broiler eggs from the Arbor Acres strain were utilized. Each egg was individually weighed, with egg weights ranging from 61.88 ± 3 g. On the 17.5th d of incubation (DOI), the fertile eggs were divided into 6 groups. The first treatment group was untreated and designated as the control (C). The second group was the sham group (Sh), receiving a simulated injection. The third group, designated as the vehicle group (V), was injected with 100 µl of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The fourth group received an injection of 100 µL of grape pomace dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 2 mg (T2). Similarly, the fifth and sixth groups were injected with 100 µL of grape pomace dissolved in DMSO at concentrations of 4 mg and 6 mg, (T4), (T6) respectively. Subsequently, all groups were raised under uniform conditions in terms of management, environment, and nutrition till 5 wk of age. The grape pomace extract (GPE), obtained is rich in total phenolic content (16.07 mg/g), total flavonoid content (7.42 mg/g), and total anthocyanin (8.37 mg/g). Grape pomace extract has exhibited significant antioxidant properties as evidenced by its effectiveness in DPPH scavenging and reducing power assays. Significant improvements in body weight at hatch were observed with in ovo feeding of grape pomace extract, particularly at the 4 mg level, surpassing the effectiveness of the 2 mg and 6 mg grape pomace levels, and this enhancement in body weight continued until the age of 5 wk. GPE injection also led to a significant reduction in cholesterol levels, with the lowest levels recorded for the T4 group. Plasma total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels were significantly elevated in groups treated with T4, T6, and T2 compared to the control group. Conversely, the control group showed a significant increase (P < 0.01) in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The immune response of hatched chicks from grape pomace extract-injected groups, especially the T4 group, exhibited improvement through increased IgM and IgG. These findings demonstrate that in ovo feeding of GPE, particularly at a dosage of 4 mg, enhances growth performance, immune response, and antioxidant status in hatched chicks. Thus, administering natural antioxidants, such as grape pomace extract, to developing broiler embryos via in ovo feeding could serve as a valuable strategy for enhancing the subsequent post-hatch productive performance, as well as bolstering the antioxidant and immunological status of broiler chicks.
PubMed: 38905757
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103914