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Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Herein, we present a method for producing water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) by co-culture fermentation of straw and shrimp shells. The chitin-degrading strain was...
Herein, we present a method for producing water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) by co-culture fermentation of straw and shrimp shells. The chitin-degrading strain was isolated and genotypically identified as the non-pathogen sp. LYM-1 in this study. sp. LYM-1 and 2012 could coexist without antagonism. WSPs concentrations were higher in co-culture fermentations of sp. LYM-1 and 2012 (PsL/AP-WSPs) compared to monocultures (PsL-WSPs and AP-WSPs). FTIR was used to examine the polysaccharide properties of three WSP fractions. The monosaccharide compositions of three WSPs fractions were primarily composed of mannose, ribose, glucosamine, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with varying molecular weights and molar ratios according to HPLC analysis. PsL/AP-WSPs showed better scavenging effects on DPPH, ABTS, and OH free radicals, demonstrating the application potential of PsL/AP-WSPs from straw and shrimp shells. The maximum yield obtained under optimum conditions (fermentation time of 6 days, temperature of 31°C, inoculum concentration of 10% (w/v), and inoculum composition of 2:1) was 5.88 ± 0.40 mg/mL, based on the PsL/AP-WSPs production optimization by orthogonal design. The results suggest that an environmentally friendly approach for WSPs production from agro-food wastes straw and shrimp shells was developed.
PubMed: 36479299
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1047932 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are promising biodegradable and biocompatible bioplastics, and extensive knowledge of the employed bacterial strain's metabolic capabilities...
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are promising biodegradable and biocompatible bioplastics, and extensive knowledge of the employed bacterial strain's metabolic capabilities is necessary in choosing economically feasible production conditions. This study aimed to create an in-depth view of the utilization of C2.2 for PHA production by linking a wide array of characterization methods: metabolic pathway annotation from the strain's complete genome, high-throughput phenotypic tests, and biomass analyses through plate-based assays and flask and bioreactor cultivations. We confirmed, in PHA production conditions, urea catabolization, fatty acid degradation and synthesis, and high pH variation and osmotic stress tolerance. With urea as a nitrogen source, pure and rapeseed-biodiesel crude glycerol were analyzed comparatively as carbon sources for fermentation at 20 °C. Flask cultivations yielded 2.2 g/L and 2 g/L PHA at 120 h, respectively, with molecular weights of 428,629 g/mol and 81,515 g/mol. Bioreactor batch cultivation doubled biomass accumulation (10 g/L and 13.2 g/L) in 48 h, with a PHA productivity of 0.133 g/(L·h) and 0.05 g/(L·h). Thus, phenotypic and genomic analyses determined the successful use of C2.2 for PHA production using urea and crude glycerol and 20 g/L NaCl, without pH adjustment, providing the basis for a viable fermentation process.
Topics: Brassica napus; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Glycerol; Biofuels; Brassica rapa; Genomics; Urea
PubMed: 36430242
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213754 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2022Bacteria belonging to the species are pathogens of cultured marine fish, causing diseases of high importance, such as Pasteurellosis. Thus, they are considered a major...
Bacteria belonging to the species are pathogens of cultured marine fish, causing diseases of high importance, such as Pasteurellosis. Thus, they are considered a major threat to the aquaculture sector. Despite the great importance of fish mariculture for the Greek economy, the distribution and abundance of these bacteria are not well documented in aquaculture units in Greece. Keeping this in mind, the scope of the present study was to investigate the presence, antibiotic profile, and virulence of bacteria originating from a representative sample of mariculture units throughout Greece. Samples were collected from diseased fish belonging to three different cultured fish species, namely , and from both the Aegean and the Ionian Sea. Tissue samples were cultured in agar media, and bacteria were molecularly identified using both bacterial universal and species-specific primer pairs for spp. Additionally, the identified strains were characterized for the presence of virulence genes as well as antibiotic profiles. According to the results, the aforementioned bacteria are distributed in the Greek aquaculture units and are characterized by high pathogenicity based on the abundance of virulence genes. Furthermore, the majority of the detected strains exhibit some level of antibiotic resistance. In summary, our results indicate the need for systematic surveillance and study of their antibiotic profiles in Greek aquaculture since these bacteria constitute a major threat to the sector.
PubMed: 36428362
DOI: 10.3390/ani12223133 -
PLoS Pathogens Nov 2022Small antibacterial effectors, including lysozymes, lectins, and antimicrobial peptides, are key regulators of intestinal immunity. However, whether there is...
Small antibacterial effectors, including lysozymes, lectins, and antimicrobial peptides, are key regulators of intestinal immunity. However, whether there is coordination among them during regulation is an interesting, but largely unknown, issue. In the present study, we revealed that small effectors synergistically regulate peptidoglycan-derived intestinal immunity in the kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. A C-type lysozyme (LysC) was screened as a responsive factor for the intestine-bacteria interaction. LysC functions to restrict intestinal bacteria, mainly by cleaving Photobacterium damselae peptidoglycan to generate muropeptides which are powerful stimulators that induce anti-lipopolysaccharides factor B1 (AlfB1), an effective bactericidal peptide. The muropeptides also induce a C-type lectin (Ctl24), which recognizes peptidoglycan and coats bacteria. By counteracting LysC-mediated muropeptide release and AlfB1's bactericidal activity, Ctl24 prevents the continuous elimination of intestinal bacteria. Therefore, this study demonstrates a mechanism by which small immune effectors coordinate to achieve intestinal homeostasis, and provides new insights into peptidoglycan-derived intestinal immunity in invertebrates.
Topics: Animals; Peptidoglycan; Penaeidae; Cell Wall; Intestines; Lectins, C-Type
PubMed: 36417479
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010967 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Propane is a major component of liquefied petroleum gas, a major energy source for off-grid communities and industry. The replacement of fossil fuel-derived propane with...
Propane is a major component of liquefied petroleum gas, a major energy source for off-grid communities and industry. The replacement of fossil fuel-derived propane with more sustainably derived propane is of industrial interest. One potential production route is through microbial fermentation. Here we report, for the first time, the isolation of a marine bacterium from sediment capable of natural propane biosynthesis. Propane production, both in mixed microbial cultures generated from marine sediment and in bacterial monocultures was detected and quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Using DNA sequencing of multiple reference genes, the bacterium was shown to belong to the genus . We postulate that propane biosynthesis is achieved through inorganic carbonate assimilation systems. The discovery of this strain may facilitate synthetic biology routes for industrial scale production of propane microbial fermentation.
PubMed: 36386614
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000247 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The use of phytogenic extracts is considered a sustainable strategy for the prevention of fish diseases, including as a potential option due to their variety of...
Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from against Gilthead Sea Bream Pathogens in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.
The use of phytogenic extracts is considered a sustainable strategy for the prevention of fish diseases, including as a potential option due to their variety of bioactive compounds. In this study, we analyzed the antibacterial and antiparasitic potential of propyl-propane-thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO) from onions. The in vitro activity against , , and of both compounds was tested. In addition, the viability of larvae was evaluated. Moreover, a diet that consisted of a blend of PTS/PTSO (ALLIUM) was used. A total of 90 gilthead sea bream juveniles were tested against subsp. after 12 weeks of dietary administration. Furthermore, 150 fish with a rate of 10-15 parasites/fish were fed for 21 days and the number of gill parasites was recorded. All strains were sensitive to both compounds. PTSO showed the highest inhibitory effect against all target strains, while PTS showed higher effectiveness against Fish from ALLIUM group presented the highest probability of survival, increasing up to 91.1%, whereas in the control group, the probability of survival was 66.7%. The number of parasites in the gilthead sea bream decreased in the ALLIUM group over time. These results suggest the inclusion of PTS and PTSO in feed as a natural strategy to prevent antibacterial and antiparasitic fish diseases.
Topics: Animals; Sea Bream; Onions; Propane; Antiparasitic Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Allium; Fish Diseases; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36296491
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206900 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2022The antimicrobial properties of two different emulsion formulations contained lemon essential oil (coarse emulsion; CE and nanoemulsion; NE) and emulsions based edible...
The antimicrobial properties of two different emulsion formulations contained lemon essential oil (coarse emulsion; CE and nanoemulsion; NE) and emulsions based edible solutions incorporated with lemon essential oil and sodium caseinate (coarse emulsion based solution; CESC and nanoemulsion based solution; NESC) on food-related microorganisms (, , Paratyphi A NCTC13, and ATCC19112) were investigated. The chemical compositions of lemon essential oils were identified by GC-MS. Physical parameter of different formulations was also analyzed at different time intervals. The antimicrobial properties of solutions were determined by using well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration, and time-kill assay. The major identified component in lemon essential oil was D limonene (38.38%). NE showed a stronger antimicrobial effect against Paratyphi A and with 36.50 and 38.75 mm diameter zone compared to all other formulations. had the highest sensitivity towards NE and NESC formulations with 3.12 mg/ml MIC values in comparison to other two formulations. The nanoemulsion and nanoemulsion based coating solution were more effective than other formulations in killing bacterial cell within a short period time.
PubMed: 36276524
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05551-9 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022In recent years, with global warming and increasing marine pollution, some novel marine viruses have become widespread in the aquaculture industry, causing huge losses...
Integrated analysis of intestinal microbiota and metabolomic reveals that decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) infection induces secondary bacterial infection and metabolic reprogramming in .
In recent years, with global warming and increasing marine pollution, some novel marine viruses have become widespread in the aquaculture industry, causing huge losses to the aquaculture industry. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is one of the newly discovered marine viruses that has been reported to be detected in a variety of farmed crustacean and wild populations. Several previous studies have found that DIV1 can induce Warburg effect-related gene expression. In this study, the effects of DIV1 infection on intestinal health of shrimp were further explored from the aspects of histological, enzymatic activities, microorganisms and metabolites using as the object of study. The results showed that obvious injury in the intestinal mucosa was observed after DIV1 infection, the oxidative and antioxidant capacity of the shrimp intestine was unbalanced, the activity of lysozyme was decreased, and the activities of digestive enzymes were disordered, and secondary bacterial infection was caused. Furthermore, the increased abundance of harmful bacteria, such as and , may synergized with DIV1 to promote the Warburg effect and induce metabolic reprogramming, thereby providing material and energy for DIV1 replication. This study is the first to report the changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites of under DIV1 infection, demonstrating that DIV1 can induce secondary bacterial infection and metabolic reprogramming. Several bacteria and metabolites highly associated with DIV1 infection were screened, which may be leveraged for diagnosis of pathogenic infections or incorporated as exogenous metabolites to enhance immune response.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Iridoviridae; Muramidase; Penaeidae; Vibrio
PubMed: 36189245
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982717 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2022Commensal microbiota have been proven to colonize the mammary gland, but whether their composition is altered in patients with breast cancer (BC) remains elusive. This...
BACKGROUND
Commensal microbiota have been proven to colonize the mammary gland, but whether their composition is altered in patients with breast cancer (BC) remains elusive. This study intends to explore the breast microbiome differences between benign and malignant diseases and to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the breast microbiota in patients with BC.
METHODS
Breast normal adipose tissues (NATs) were collected from 79 patients with BC and 15 controls between July 2019 and November 2021. The BC group consisted of 29 patients who had received NAC and 50 who were non-NAC patients. Participants diagnosed with benign breast disease were recruited as controls. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of NATs.
RESULTS
The community structure of the NAT microbiome was significantly different between the BC and control groups. decreased (47.40% versus 39.74%), whereas increased (15.71% versus 25.33%) in patients with BC when compared with that in control tissues. Nine genera were enriched in BC NATs, and four genera levels increased in the control group. The associations between differential bacterial genera and breast tumor grade were calculated by Spearman's correlation. The results showed that tumor grade was positively associated with the relative abundance of and negatively related to , , , and . Moreover, menopause was associated with the microbiota composition change of non-NAC BC patients and related to the significant reduction in the abundance level of , , and . In addition, NAC was related to the beta diversity of patients with BC and associated with the decrease of and in postmenopausal patients. Of note, Tax4Fun functional prediction analysis revealed that the metabolic state was more exuberant in the BC group with upregulating of multiple metabolism-related pathways.
CONCLUSION
Our results offer new insight into the relationship between NAC and breast microbiota and help to better characterize the breast microbial dysbiosis that occurs in patients with BC. Further epidemiological studies with larger sample size and well-designed animal experiments are required to elucidate the role of breast microbiota in the therapeutic outcome of BC.
PubMed: 36172155
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926920 -
RSC Advances Aug 2022Solid waste resource utilization and the treatment of wastewater are two important aspects in environmental protection. Here, biochar (BC) derived from municipal sewage...
Degradation of sulfadiazine in aqueous media by peroxymonosulfate activated with biochar-supported ZnFeO in combination with visible light in an internal loop-lift reactor.
Solid waste resource utilization and the treatment of wastewater are two important aspects in environmental protection. Here, biochar (BC) derived from municipal sewage sludge has been combined with ZnFeO to form the photocatalyst ZnFeO/biochar (ZnFe/BC), and it was used to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ) in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible (Vis) light irradiation in an internal loop-airlift reactor (ALR). The surface morphology and structure of ZnFe/BC have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy equipped with an attachment for energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). ZnFe/BC displays outstanding photocatalytic performance and reusability. After four reuse cycles of ZnFe/BC in the Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS system, the SDZ degradation rate and efficiency still reached 0.082 min and 99.05%, respectively. Reactive species in this system included free radicals SO˙, ˙OH, and ˙O , as well as non-radicals O, e, and h, as established from the results of chemical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses. Moreover, a mechanism of action of the Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS system for SDZ degradation was proposed. The acute toxicity of the reaction solution towards T3 spp. in the Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS process increased during the first 40 min and then decreased, illustrating that Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS provided an effective and safe method for the removal of SDZ.
PubMed: 36128526
DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04573g