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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Curcumin is a natural compound that is considered safe and may have potential health benefits; however, its poor stability and water insolubility limit its therapeutic...
Curcumin is a natural compound that is considered safe and may have potential health benefits; however, its poor stability and water insolubility limit its therapeutic applications. Different strategies aim to increase its water solubility. Here, we tested the compound PVP-curcumin as a photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as well as its potential to act as an adjuvant in antibiotic drug therapy. Gram-negative K12 and Gram-positive were subjected to aPDT using various PVP-curcumin concentrations (1-200 µg/mL) and 475 nm blue light (7.5-45 J/cm). Additionally, results were compared to aPDT using 415 nm blue light. Gene expression of and were analyzed via RT-qPCR to assess effects on the bacterial SOS response. Further, the potentiation of Ciprofloxacin by PVP-curcumin was investigated, as well as its potential to prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Both bacterial strains were efficiently reduced when irradiated with 415 nm blue light (2.2 J/cm) and 10 µg/mL curcumin. Using 475 nm blue light, bacterial reduction followed a biphasic effect with higher efficacy in compared to K12. PVP-curcumin decreased expression but had limited effect regarding enhancing antibiotic treatment or impeding resistance development. PVP-curcumin demonstrated effectiveness as a photosensitizer against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but did not modulate the bacterial SOS response.
Topics: Curcumin; Photosensitizing Agents; Rec A Recombinases; Ciprofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Photochemotherapy; SOS Response, Genetics; Escherichia coli K12; Escherichia coli Proteins; Povidone; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Escherichia coli; Light; DNA-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 38892328
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116140 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique modality that employs a photosensitizer (PS), PS-exciting light, and O to generate cytotoxic oxidants. For various... (Review)
Review
Anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique modality that employs a photosensitizer (PS), PS-exciting light, and O to generate cytotoxic oxidants. For various reasons, not all malignant cells in any given tumor will succumb to a PDT challenge. Previous studies by the authors revealed that nitric oxide (NO) from inducible NO synthase (iNOS/NOS2) plays a key role in tumor cell resistance and also stimulation of migratory/invasive aggressiveness of surviving cells. iNOS was the only NOS isoform implicated in these effects. Significantly, NO from stress-upregulated iNOS was much more important in this regard than NO from preexisting enzymes. Greater NO-dependent resistance, migration, and invasion was observed with at least three different cancer cell lines, and this was attenuated by iNOS activity inhibitors, NO scavengers, or an iNOS transcriptional inhibitor. NO diffusing from PDT-targeted cells also stimulated migration/invasion potency of non-targeted bystander cells. Unless counteracted by appropriate measures, all these effects could seriously compromise clinical PDT efficacy. Here, we will review specific examples of these negative side effects of PDT and how they might be suppressed by adjuvants such as NO scavengers or inhibitors of iNOS activity or expression.
Topics: Humans; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Cell Movement; Nitric Oxide; Photochemotherapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasms; Animals; Up-Regulation; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 38891885
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115697 -
International Wound Journal Jun 2024Bacterial infection is the most common complication in wound healing, highlighting an urgent need for the development of innovative antibacterial technologies and...
A win-win platform: Stabilized black phosphorous nanosheets loading gallium ions for enhancing the healing of bacterial-infected wounds through synergistic antibacterial approaches.
Bacterial infection is the most common complication in wound healing, highlighting an urgent need for the development of innovative antibacterial technologies and treatments to address the growing threats posed by bacterial infections. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs), as a promising two-dimensional nanomaterial, have been utilized in treating infected wounds. However, BP's limited stability restricts its application. In this study, we enhance BP's stability and its antibacterial properties by anchoring gallium ions (Ga) onto BP's surface, creating a novel antibacterial platform. This modification reduces BP's electron density and enhances its antibacterial capabilities through a synergistic effect. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the BP/Ga combination exerts antibacterial effects via photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), while also releasing Ga. The Ga employ a 'Trojan horse strategy' to disrupt iron metabolism, significantly boosting the antibacterial efficacy of the complex. This innovative material offers a viable alternative to antibiotics and holds significant promise for treating infected wounds and aiding skin reconstruction.
Topics: Gallium; Wound Healing; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phosphorus; Humans; Animals; Nanostructures; Wound Infection; Photochemotherapy; Bacterial Infections; Mice; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 38888416
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14940 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Phototherapy, known for its high selectivity, few side effects, strong controllability, and synergistic enhancement of combined treatments, is widely used in treating...
Tumor Cell-Targeting and Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanoplatforms for the Multimodal Imaging-Guided Photodynamic/Photothermal/Chemodynamic Treatment of Cervical Cancer.
PURPOSE
Phototherapy, known for its high selectivity, few side effects, strong controllability, and synergistic enhancement of combined treatments, is widely used in treating diseases like cervical cancer.
METHODS
In this study, hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide was used as a carrier to construct positively charged, poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-modified nanoparticles (NPs). The NP was efficiently loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) via the addition of hydrogen phosphate ions to produce a counterion aggregation effect. HeLa cell membrane encapsulation was performed to achieve the final M-HMnO@ICG NP. In this structure, the HMnO carrier responsively degrades to release ICG in the tumor microenvironment, self-generates O for sensitization to ICG-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), and consumes GSH to expand the oxidative stress therapeutic effect [chemodynamic therapy (CDT) + PDT]. The ICG accumulated in tumor tissues exerts a synergistic PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) effect through single laser irradiation, improving efficiency and reducing side effects. The cell membrane encapsulation increases nanomedicine accumulation in tumor tissues and confers an immune evasion ability. In addition, high local temperatures induced by PTT can enhance CDT. These properties of the NP enable full achievement of PTT/PDT/CDT and targeted effects.
RESULTS
Mn can serve as a magnetic resonance imaging agent to guide therapy, and ICG can be used for photothermal and fluorescence imaging. After its intravenous injection, M-HMnO@ICG accumulated effectively at mouse tumor sites; the optimal timing of in-vivo laser treatment could be verified by near-infrared fluorescence, magnetic resonance, and photothermal imaging. The M-HMnO@ICG NPs had the best antitumor effects among treatment groups under near-infrared light conditions, and showed good biocompatibility.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we designed a nano-biomimetic delivery system that improves hypoxia, responds to the tumor microenvironment, and efficiently loads ICG. It provides a new economical and convenient strategy for synergistic phototherapy and CDT for cervical cancer.
Topics: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Female; Tumor Microenvironment; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Photochemotherapy; Animals; HeLa Cells; Photosensitizing Agents; Nanoparticles; Manganese Compounds; Mice; Multimodal Imaging; Photothermal Therapy; Oxides; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Polyamines; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38887692
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S466042 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy that has made significant progress in treating different diseases, including cancer, by utilizing new nanotechnology... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy that has made significant progress in treating different diseases, including cancer, by utilizing new nanotechnology products such as graphene and its derivatives. Graphene-based materials have large surface area and photothermal effects thereby making them suitable candidates for PDT or photo-active drug carriers. The remarkable photophysical properties of graphene derivates facilitate the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, which destroys cancer cells. Surface functionalization of graphene and its materials can also enhance their biocompatibility and anticancer activity. The paper delves into the distinct roles played by graphene-based materials in PDT such as photosensitizers (PS) and drug carriers while at the same time considers how these materials could be used to circumvent cancer resistance. This will provide readers with an extensive discussion of various pathways contributing to PDT inefficiency. Consequently, this comprehensive review underscores the vital roles that graphene and its derivatives may play in emerging PDT strategies for cancer treatment and other medical purposes. With a better comprehension of the current state of research and the existing challenges, the integration of graphene-based materials in PDT holds great promise for developing targeted, effective, and personalized cancer treatments.
Topics: Graphite; Photochemotherapy; Humans; Neoplasms; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Carriers; Animals
PubMed: 38882538
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S461300 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Owing to its noninvasive nature, broad-spectrum effectiveness, minimal bacterial resistance, and high efficiency, phototherapy has significant potential for...
PURPOSE
Owing to its noninvasive nature, broad-spectrum effectiveness, minimal bacterial resistance, and high efficiency, phototherapy has significant potential for antibiotic-free antibacterial interventions and combating antibacterial biofilms. However, finding effective strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of excessive temperature and elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains a pressing issue that requires immediate attention.
METHODS
In this study, we designed a pH-responsive cationic polymer sodium nitroside dihydrate/branched polyethylenimine-indocyanine green@polyethylene glycol (SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG) nanoplatform using the electrostatic adsorption method and Schiff's base reaction. Relevant testing techniques were applied to characterize and analyze SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG, proving the successful synthesis of the nanomaterials. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG.
RESULTS
The morphology and particle size of SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG were observed via TEM. The zeta potential and UV-visible (UV-vis) results indicated the synthesis of the nanomaterials. The negligible cytotoxicity of up to 1 mg/mL of SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG in the presence or absence of light demonstrated its biosafety. Systematic in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial assays confirmed that SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG had good water solubility and biosafety and could be activated by near-infrared (NIR) light and synergistically treated using four therapeutic modes, photodynamic therapy (PDT), gaseous therapy (GT), mild photothermal therapy (PTT, 46 °C), and cation. Ultimately, the development of Gram-positive (G) Staphylococcus aureus () and Gram-negative (G) Escherichia coli () were both completely killed in the free state, and the biofilm that had formed was eliminated.
CONCLUSION
SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG demonstrated remarkable efficacy in achieving controlled multimodal synergistic antibacterial activity and biofilm infection treatment. The nanoplatform thus holds promise for future clinical applications.
Topics: Biofilms; Photochemotherapy; Animals; Polyethylene Glycols; Indocyanine Green; Photothermal Therapy; Infrared Rays; Mice; Staphylococcus aureus; Polyethyleneimine; Escherichia coli; Nitric Oxide; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Reactive Oxygen Species; Nanoparticles; Particle Size
PubMed: 38882537
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S454762 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed as an efficient strategy for cancer treatment. PDT involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by light irradiation...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed as an efficient strategy for cancer treatment. PDT involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by light irradiation after activating a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of O. PS-coupled nanomaterials offer additional advantages, as they can merge the effects of PDT with conventional enabling-combined photo-chemotherapeutics effects. In this work, mesoporous titania nanorods were surface-immobilized with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) conjugated through 3-(aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane as a coupling agent. The mesoporous nanorods act as nano vehicles for doxorubicin delivery, and the Ce6 provides a visible light-responsive production of ROS to induce PDT. The nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, DRS, FTIR, TGA, N adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K, and TEM. The obtained materials were tested for their singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical generation capacity using fluorescence assays. In vitro cell viability experiments with HeLa cells showed that the prepared materials are not cytotoxic in the dark, and that they exhibit photodynamic activity when irradiated with LED light (150 W m). Drug-loading experiments with doxorubicin (DOX) as a model chemotherapeutic drug showed that the nanostructures efficiently encapsulated DOX. The DOX-nanomaterial formulations show chemo-cytotoxic effects on Hela cells. Combined photo-chemotoxicity experiments show enhanced effects on HeLa cell viability, indicating that the conjugated nanorods are promising for use in combined therapy driven by LED light irradiation.
PubMed: 38869558
DOI: 10.3390/nano14110933 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024The development of Type I photosensitizers (PSs) is of great importance due to the inherent hypoxic intolerance of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the hypoxic...
The development of Type I photosensitizers (PSs) is of great importance due to the inherent hypoxic intolerance of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the hypoxic microenvironment. Compared to Type II PSs, Type I PSs are less reported due to the absence of a general molecular design strategy. Herein, we report that the combination of typical Type II PS and natural substrate carvacrol (CA) can significantly facilitate the Type I pathway to efficiently generate superoxide radical (O). Detailed mechanism study suggests that CA is activated into thymoquinone (TQ) by local singlet oxygen generated from the PS upon light irradiation. With TQ as an efficient electron transfer mediator, it promotes the conversion of O to O by PS via electron transfer-based Type I pathway. Notably, three classical Type II PSs are employed to demonstrate the universality of the proposed approach. The Type I PDT against S. aureus has been demonstrated under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Furthermore, this coupled photodynamic agent exhibits significant bactericidal activity with an antibacterial rate of 99.6% for the bacterial-infection female mice in the in vivo experiments. Here, we show a simple, effective, and universal method to endow traditional Type II PSs with hypoxic tolerance.
Topics: Benzoquinones; Photosensitizing Agents; Animals; Mice; Female; Photochemotherapy; Electron Transport; Staphylococcus aureus; Cymenes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Singlet Oxygen; Superoxides; Staphylococcal Infections; Humans; Light; Mice, Inbred BALB C
PubMed: 38858372
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49311-z -
F1000Research 2024Managing recalcitrant oral lichen planus (OLP) can be challenging. Laser therapy has been suggested as an alternative to corticosteroids for treatment. Photodynamic...
BACKGROUND
Managing recalcitrant oral lichen planus (OLP) can be challenging. Laser therapy has been suggested as an alternative to corticosteroids for treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive technique that enables the removal of lesions without surgery. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can promote healing and recovery of the lesions.
CASE PRESENTATION
The objective was to treat unresponsive bilateral OLP of the whole buccal mucosae with a combination of PDT and PBMT.
RESULTS
A 43-year-old Thai male presented with the severe painful reticular type of OLP of bilateral buccal mucosae involving upper and lower vestibular areas. The lesions were not remitted with either prednisolone systemic steroids or fluocinolone topical corticosteroids. After undergoing ten sessions of PDT with 10% 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the form of thermoplastic gel and a 635 nm diode laser at 100 to 400 mW with an energy density of 20 to 30 J/cm in continuous wave mode, combined with five interim-sessions of PBMT using a 635 nm diode laser at 200 to 300 mW with an energy density of 6 to 10 J/cm in continuous wave, the patient reported relief of burning sensation beside remission of lesions without any complications.
CONCLUSION
The wide-spreading recalcitrant OLP with burning sensation can be managed by combining PDT and PBMT.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Photochemotherapy; Lichen Planus, Oral; Mouth Mucosa; Low-Level Light Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Aminolevulinic Acid
PubMed: 38854440
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.146733.1 -
Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology Jun 2024To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the modified Cretan protocol in patients with post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia (PLE).
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the modified Cretan protocol in patients with post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia (PLE).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this retrospective study, 26 eyes of 16 patients with PLE were treated with the modified Cretan protocol (combined transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy and accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking). Visual, refractive, tomographic, and aberrometric outcomes and point spread function (PSF) were recorded preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment.
RESULTS
Both uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity were stable at 24 months postoperatively compared to baseline (from 0.89±0.36 to 0.79±0.33 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [LogMAR] and 0.31±0.25 to 0.24±0.19 LogMAR, respectively, p>0.05 for all values). The mean K1, K2, Kmean, thinnest corneal thickness, and spherical aberration at baseline were 45.76±5.75 diopters (D), 48.62±6.17 D, 47.13±5.89 D, 433.16±56.86 μm, and -0.21±0.63 μm respectively. These values were reduced to 42.86±6.34 D, 45.92±6.74 D, 44.21±6.4 D, 391.07±54.76 μm, and -0.51±0.58 μm at 24 months postoperatively (p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.001, and p=0.02, respectively). The mean spherical equivalent, manifest cylinder, Kmax, central corneal thickness, other corneal aberrations (root mean square, trefoil, coma, quatrefoil, astigmatism), and PSF remained stable (p>0.05 for all variables), while anterior and posterior elevation were significantly improved at 24 months postoperatively (p<0.001 and p=0.02, respectively). No surgical complications occurred during the 24-month follow-up.
CONCLUSION
The modified Cretan protocol is a safe and effective treatment option for PLE patients that provides visual stabilization and significant improvement in topographic parameters during the 24-month follow-up. Further studies are needed to support our results.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; Male; Female; Visual Acuity; Adult; Dilatation, Pathologic; Corneal Topography; Refraction, Ocular; Cross-Linking Reagents; Treatment Outcome; Photosensitizing Agents; Young Adult; Collagen; Lasers, Excimer; Follow-Up Studies; Riboflavin; Photochemotherapy; Corneal Diseases; Cornea; Postoperative Complications; Myopia; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 38853628
DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2024.82342