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Biomacromolecules Jun 2024Two different poly(benzylmalate) biopolymers, a hydrophobic non-PEGylated () and an amphiphilic PEGylated derivative (), have been used to encapsulate a phthalocyanine...
Two different poly(benzylmalate) biopolymers, a hydrophobic non-PEGylated () and an amphiphilic PEGylated derivative (), have been used to encapsulate a phthalocyanine chosen for its substitution pattern that is highly suitable for photodynamic therapy. Different phthalocyanine/(co)polymers ratios have been used for the nanoprecipitation. A set of six nanoparticles has been obtained. If the amphiphilic PEGylated copolymer proved to be slightly more efficient for the encapsulation and to lower the aggregation of the phthalocyanine inside the nanoparticles, it is, however, the hydrophobic -based nanoparticles that exhibited the best photodynamic efficiency.
Topics: Indoles; Isoindoles; Photochemotherapy; Biopolymers; Nanoparticles; Photosensitizing Agents; Polymers; Polyethylene Glycols; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
PubMed: 38752976
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01382 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024The study aimed to address the non-specific toxicity of cytotoxins (CTX) in liver cancer treatment and explore their combined application with the photosensitizer Ce6,...
PURPOSE
The study aimed to address the non-specific toxicity of cytotoxins (CTX) in liver cancer treatment and explore their combined application with the photosensitizer Ce6, co-loaded into carbonized Zn/Co bimetallic organic frameworks. The goal was to achieve controlled CTX release and synergistic photodynamic therapy, with a focus on evaluating anti-tumor activity against human liver cancer cell lines (Hep G2).
METHODS
Purified cobra cytotoxin (CTX) and photosensitizer Ce6 were co-loaded into carbonized Zn/Co bimetallic organic frameworks, resulting in RGD-PDA@C-ZIF@(CTX+Ce6). The formulation was designed with surface-functionalization using polydopamine and tumor-penetrating peptide RGD. This approach aimed to facilitate controlled CTX release and enhance the synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy. The accumulation of RGD-PDA@C-ZIF@(CTX+Ce6) at tumor sites was achieved through RGD's active targeting and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, the porous structure of the metal-organic framework disintegrated, releasing CTX and Ce6 into tumor cells.
RESULTS
Experiments demonstrated that RGD-PDA@C-ZIF@(CTX+Ce6) nanoparticles, combined with near-infrared laser irradiation, exhibited optimal anti-tumor effects against human liver cancer cells. The formulation showcased heightened anti-tumor activity without discernible systemic toxicity.
CONCLUSION
The study underscores the potential of utilizing metal-organic frameworks as an efficient nanoplatform for co-loading cytotoxins and photodynamic therapy in liver cancer treatment. The developed formulation, RGD-PDA@C-ZIF@(CTX+Ce6), offers a promising avenue for advancing the clinical application of cytotoxins in oncology, providing a solid theoretical foundation for future research and development.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Liver Neoplasms; Zinc; Indoles; Photosensitizing Agents; Animals; Hep G2 Cells; Cobalt; Oligopeptides; Polymers; Mice; Cytotoxins; Mice, Nude; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Cell Survival
PubMed: 38751660
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S453275 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica May 2024Photodynamic therapy is an approved treatment for primary, superficial, and small nodular basal cell carcinomas with a thickness of < 2 mm located on low-risk sites.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Photodynamic therapy is an approved treatment for primary, superficial, and small nodular basal cell carcinomas with a thickness of < 2 mm located on low-risk sites. Histologically verified basal cell carcinomas clinically assessed as suited for photodynamic therapy were included. The study aimed to investigate the agreement between clinical and histological assessments of basal cell carcinoma subtypes and thickness of tumours selected for photodynamic therapy with histopathological evaluation as a reference. A total of 343 tumours were included. The agreement between clinical and histological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma subtype was 72% (p < 0.001). Clinical assessment of subtype had a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 55% for superficial tumours and a sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 85% for nodular tumours. The mean ± SD thickness values by clinical and histological assessments were 0.95 ± 0.53 and 0.86 ± 0.75. The difference of 0.09 mm was statistically significant (p = 0.017), but not considered to be clinically relevant, although the differences between specific subgroups could be relevant. Among basal cell carcinomas clinically diagnosed as superficial, 91% were histologically consistent with the current photodynamic therapy criteria. The main results suggest that histopathological evaluation should precede photodynamic therapy to ensure selection of suitable basal cell carcinomas. In selected cases, the clinical diagnosis alone may be adequate before proceeding with photodynamic therapy.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Photochemotherapy; Skin Neoplasms; Male; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Predictive Value of Tests; Biopsy; Adult; Patient Selection; Photosensitizing Agents; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38751175
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.18308 -
Lasers in Medical Science May 2024Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted treatment method that utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) to induce cytotoxicity in malignant and non-malignant tumors. Optimization...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted treatment method that utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) to induce cytotoxicity in malignant and non-malignant tumors. Optimization of PDT requires investigation of the selectivity of PS for the target tissues, irradiating light source, irradiation wavelengths, fluence rate, fluence, illumination mode, and overall treatment plan. In this study, we developed the Multi-mode Automatized Well-plate PDT LED Laboratory Irradiation System (MAWPLIS), an innovative device that automates time-consuming well plate light dosage/PS dose measurement experiment. The careful control of LED current and temperature stabilization in the LED module allowed the system to achieve high optical output stability. The MAWPLIS was designed by integrating a 3-axis moving system and motion controller, a quick-switching LED controller unit equipped with interchangeable LED modules capable of employing multiple wavelengths, and a TEC system. The proposed system achieved high optical output stability (1 mW) within the range of 0-500 mW, high wavelength stability (5 nm) at 635 nm, and high temperature stability (0.2 °C) across all radiation modes. The system's validation involved in vitro analysis using 5-ALA across varying concentrations, incubation periods, light exposures, and wavelengths in HT-29 colon cancer and WI-38 human lung fibroblast cell lines. Specifically, a combination of 405 nm and 635 nm wavelengths was selected to demonstrate enhanced strategies for colon cancer cell eradication and system validation. The MAWPLIS system represents a significant advancement in photodynamic therapy (PDT) research, offering automation and standardization of time-intensive experiments, high stability and precision, and improved PDT efficacy through dual-wavelength integration.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; HT29 Cells; Aminolevulinic Acid
PubMed: 38750381
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04083-2 -
Chinese Medical Journal Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Aminolevulinic Acid; Photochemotherapy; Prospective Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Photosensitizing Agents; East Asian People
PubMed: 38749769
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003014 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Jul 2024Breast cancer, the predominant malignancy afflicting women, continues to pose formidable challenges despite advancements in therapeutic interventions. This study...
Breast cancer, the predominant malignancy afflicting women, continues to pose formidable challenges despite advancements in therapeutic interventions. This study elucidates the potential of phototherapy, comprising both photothermal and photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT), as a novel and promising modality. To achieve this goal, we devised liposomes coated with macrophage cell membranes including macrophage-associated membrane proteins, which have demonstrated promise in biomimetic delivery systems for targeting tumors while preserving their inherent tumor-homing capabilities. This integrated biomimetic delivery system comprised IR780, NONOate, and perfluorocarbon. This strategic encapsulation aims to achieve a synergistic combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) therapy. Under near-infrared laser irradiation at 808 nm, IR780 demonstrates its ability to prolifically generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O), singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radical (·OH). Simultaneously, NONOate releases nitric oxide (NO) gas upon the same laser irradiation, thereby engaging with IR780-induced ROS to facilitate the formation of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), ultimately inducing programmed cell death in cancer cells. Additionally, the perfluorocarbon component of our delivery system exhibits a notable affinity for oxygen and demonstrates efficient oxygen-carrying capabilities. Our results demonstrate that IR780-NO-PFH-Lip@M significantly enhances breast cancer cell toxicity, reducing proliferation and in vivo tumor growth through simultaneous heat, ROS, and RNS production. This study contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on innovative strategies for advancing cancer therapeutics.
Topics: Liposomes; Female; Animals; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Mice; Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Macrophages; Photochemotherapy; Reactive Oxygen Species; Cell Membrane; Cell Proliferation; Fluorocarbons; Indoles; Cell Survival; Photosensitizing Agents; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Phototherapy; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Surface Properties; RAW 264.7 Cells; Particle Size
PubMed: 38749169
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113961 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024Efflux pumps are active transporters, which allow the cell to remove toxic substances from within the cell including antibiotics and photosensitizer complexes. Efflux...
Efflux pumps are active transporters, which allow the cell to remove toxic substances from within the cell including antibiotics and photosensitizer complexes. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), chemicals that prevent the passage of molecules through efflux pumps, play a crucial role in antimicrobial effectiveness against pathogen. In this work, we studied the effect of EPI, namely, reserpine, on photodeactivation rate of pathogens when used with Ag NPs and methylene blue (MB). Our results show that using reserpine led to a higher deactivation rate than Ag NPs and MB alone. The mechanism of this observation was investigated with singlet oxygen generation amount. Additionally, different sizes of Ag NPs were tested with reserpine. Molecular docking calculation shows that reserpine had higher affinity toward AcrB than MB. The improvement in bacterial deactivation rate is attributed to blockage of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump preventing the removal of MB rather than enhanced singlet oxygen production. These results suggest that using reserpine with nanoparticles and photosynthesize is a promising approach in photodynamic therapy.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Methylene Blue; Silver; Reserpine; Metal Nanoparticles; Singlet Oxygen; Molecular Docking Simulation; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 38740317
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104212 -
Thoracic Cancer Jun 2024Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an antitumor therapy and has traditionally been regarded as a localized therapy in itself. However, recent reports have shown that it not...
BACKGROUND
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an antitumor therapy and has traditionally been regarded as a localized therapy in itself. However, recent reports have shown that it not only exerts a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells but also enhances body's tumor immunity. We hypothesized that the immunological response induced by PDT could potentially enhance the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) / programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade.
METHODS
The cytotoxic effects of PDT on colon 26 cells were investigated in vitro using the WST assay. We investigated whether the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibodies could be amplified by the addition of PDT. We performed combination therapy by randomly allocating tumor-bearing mice to four treatment groups: control, anti-PD-1 antibodies, PDT, and a combination of anti-PD-1 antibodies and PDT. To analyze the tumor microenvironment after treatment, the tumors were resected and pathologically evaluated.
RESULTS
The viability rate of colon 26 cells decreased proportionally with the laser dose. In vivo experiments for combined PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, combination therapy showed an enhanced antitumor effect compared with the control. Immunohistochemical findings of the tumor microenvironment 10 days after PDT indicated that the number of CD8+ cells, the area of Iba-1+ cells and the area expressing PD-L1 were significantly higher in tumors treated with combination therapy than in tumors treated with anti-PD-1 antibody alone, PDT alone, or the control.
CONCLUSIONS
PDT increased immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. The immunological response induced by PDT may enhance the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Animals; Mice; B7-H1 Antigen; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Humans; Female; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Tumor Microenvironment; Colonic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38739102
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15325 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Jan 2024This study assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 650 nm diode laser combined with methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer to inhibit...
This study assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 650 nm diode laser combined with methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer to inhibit the growth of . Oral samples were collected from 75 patients diagnosed with oral thrush. was isolated and identified using traditional methods and the VITEK 2 YST system. Samples ( = 25) were divided into five groups: Group 1 (control, = 5) consisted of suspensions in saline; Group 2 ( = 5) treated with nystatin; Group 3 ( = 5) exposed to a 650 nm diode laser in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds; Group 4 ( = 5) treated with 650 nm laser and MB as a photosensitizer; Group 5 ( = 5) exposed to the laser in combination with nystatin. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Dunnett's t-test ( = 0.05), and LSD ( = 0.001) revealed significant differences in counts pre- and post-treatment. Group 5 showed the most significant reduction in , followed by Group 4, while Groups 2 and 3 showed the least variation. The findings suggest that PDT using a 650 nm diode laser with methylene blue (in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds) effectively reduced the prevalence of .
Topics: Candida albicans; Photochemotherapy; Humans; Methylene Blue; Photosensitizing Agents; Lasers, Semiconductor; Candidiasis, Oral; Nystatin; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 38737667
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0285 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024Nodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne, which is commonly treated with oral isotretinoin, hormones, or antibiotics. However, drug therapy often has some side effects...
BACKGROUND
Nodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne, which is commonly treated with oral isotretinoin, hormones, or antibiotics. However, drug therapy often has some side effects and poor compliance. Fire needle combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a simple, effective, short-term treatment with few adverse reactions, which is expected to be an effective physiotherapy for nodulocystic acne. Moreover, the combination with isotretinoin can reduce the dosage of the drug, thereby reducing the side effects of isotretinoin.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fire-needle pretreated ALA-PDT combined with low-dose isotretinoin in the treatment of severe refractory nodulocystic acne.
METHODS
This study reported 10 patients with refractory nodulocystic acne who received combined treatment. During the treatment period, all patients received a low dose of oral isotretinoin capsules daily. The acne lesions were pretreated with fire needle before ALA-PDT treatment. The number of acne lesions, including papules, pustules, and nodular cysts, was documented at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 to assess the therapeutic efficacy. Concurrently, adverse reactions such as pain, pruritus, and pigmentation changes were recorded and evaluated throughout the treatment course.
RESULTS
After combined treatment, all patients achieved good therapeutic effects, with an overall effective rate of 90 % at week 12. After treatment, skin lesions such as nodules, and cysts subsided significantly. The combination therapy has no serious adverse effects and has a favorable safety profile.
CONCLUSION
Fire needle pretreatment ALA-PDT combined with low-dose isotretinoin is effective and safe in the treatment of severe refractory nodular cystic acne, which is worthy of clinical promotion and research.
Topics: Humans; Isotretinoin; Aminolevulinic Acid; Photochemotherapy; Acne Vulgaris; Photosensitizing Agents; Male; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Adolescent; Combined Modality Therapy; Dermatologic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
PubMed: 38735352
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104215