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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Sarcopenia is an aging-related skeletal disease characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and physical function, severely affecting the quality of life (QoL) of... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenia is an aging-related skeletal disease characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and physical function, severely affecting the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly population. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, has been reported to participate in various aging-related signaling pathways and exert protective effect on many human diseases. SIRT1 functioned as an important role in the occurrence and progression of sarcopenia through regulating key pathways related to protein homeostasis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance and autophagy in skeletal muscle, including SIRT1/Forkhead Box O (FoxO), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/SIRT1/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), SIRT1/p53, AMPK/SIRT1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and SIRT1/live kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMPK pathways. However, the specific mechanisms of these processes have not been fully illuminated. Currently, several SIRT1-mediated interventions on sarcopenia have been preliminarily developed, such as SIRT1 activator polyphenolic compounds, exercising and calorie restriction. In this review, we summarized the predominant mechanisms of SIRT1 involved in sarcopenia and therapeutic modalities targeting the SIRT1 signaling pathways for the prevention and prognosis of sarcopenia.
PubMed: 38908209
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116917 -
Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and... Jun 2024Burnout is a maladaptive response to chronic stress, particularly prevalent among clinicians. Anesthesiologists are at risk of burnout, but the role of maladaptive...
BACKGROUND
Burnout is a maladaptive response to chronic stress, particularly prevalent among clinicians. Anesthesiologists are at risk of burnout, but the role of maladaptive traits in their vulnerability to burnout remains understudied.
METHODS
A secondary analysis was performed on data from the Italian Association of Hospital Anesthesiologists, Pain Medicine Specialists, Critical Care, and Emergency (AAROI-EMAC) physicians. The survey included demographic data, burnout assessment using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and subscales (emotional exhaustion, MBI-EE; depersonalization, MBI-DP; personal accomplishment, MBI-PA), and evaluation of personality disorders (PDs) based on DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition) criteria using the assessment of DSM-IV PDs (ADP-IV). We investigated the aggregated scores of maladaptive personality traits as predictor variables of burnout. Subsequently, the components of personality traits were individually assessed.
RESULTS
Out of 310 respondents, 300 (96.77%) provided complete information. The maladaptive personality traits global score was associated with the MBI-EE and MBI-DP components. There was a significant negative correlation with the MBI-PA component. Significant positive correlations were found between the MBI-EE subscale and the paranoid (r = 0.42), borderline (r = 0.39), and dependent (r = 0.39) maladaptive personality traits. MBI-DP was significantly associated with the passive-aggressive (r = 0.35), borderline (r = 0.33), and avoidant (r = 0.32) traits. Moreover, MBI-PA was negatively associated with dependent (r = - 0.26) and avoidant (r = - 0.25) maladaptive personality features.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant association between different maladaptive personality traits and the risk of experiencing burnout among anesthesiologists. This underscores the importance of understanding and addressing personality traits in healthcare professionals to promote their well-being and prevent this serious emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion state.
PubMed: 38907360
DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00171-5 -
NPJ Microgravity Jun 2024Cognitive impairments have been reported in astronauts during spaceflights and documented in ground-based models of simulated microgravity (SMG) in animals. However, the...
Cognitive impairments have been reported in astronauts during spaceflights and documented in ground-based models of simulated microgravity (SMG) in animals. However, the neuronal causes of these behavioral effects remain largely unknown. We explored whether adult neurogenesis, known to be a crucial plasticity mechanism supporting memory processes, is altered by SMG. Adult male Long-Evans rats were submitted to the hindlimb unloading model of SMG. We studied the proliferation, survival and maturation of newborn cells in the following neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone (SVZ)/olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, at different delays following various periods of SMG. SMG exposure for 7 days, but not shorter periods of 6 or 24 h, resulted in a decrease of newborn cell proliferation restricted to the DG. SMG also induced a decrease in short-term (7 days), but not long-term (21 days), survival of newborn cells in the SVZ/OB and DG. Physical exercise, used as a countermeasure, was able to reverse the decrease in newborn cell survival observed in the SVZ and DG. In addition, depending on the duration of SMG periods, transcriptomic analysis revealed modifications in gene expression involved in neurogenesis. These findings highlight the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to gravitational environmental factors during a transient period, suggesting that there is a period of adaptation of physiological systems to this new environment.
PubMed: 38906877
DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00411-6 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jun 2024Adipogenesis, the process of white adipose tissue expansion, plays a critical role in the development of obesity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), known for its role in bone...
INTRODUCTION
Adipogenesis, the process of white adipose tissue expansion, plays a critical role in the development of obesity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), known for its role in bone metabolism regulation, emerges as a potential regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity onset.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to elucidate the involvement of OPG in adipogenesis during the early phases of diet-induced obesity and explore its therapeutic potential in obesity management.
METHODS
Using a diet-induced obesity model, we investigated OPG expression patterns in adipocytes and explored the mechanisms underlying its involvement in adipogenesis. We also assessed the effects of targeted silencing of OPG and recombinant OPG administration on obesity progression and insulin resistance. Additionally, the impact of electroacupuncture treatment on OPG levels and obesity management was evaluated in both animal models and human participants.
RESULTS
OPG expression was prominently activated in adipocytes of white adipose tissues during the early phase of diet-induced obesity. Hyperlipidemia induced Cbfa1-dependent OPG transcription, initiating and promoting adipogenesis, leading to cell-size expansion and lipid storage. Intracellular OPG physically bound to RAR and released the PPARɤ/RXR complex, activating adipogenesis-associated gene expression. Targeted silencing of OPG suppressed obesity development, while recombinant OPG administration promoted disease progression and insulin resistance in obese mice. Electroacupuncture treatment suppressed obesity development in an OPG-dependent manner and improved obesity parameters in obese human participants.
CONCLUSION
OPG emerges as a key regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity development. Targeting OPG holds promise for the prevention and treatment of obesity, as evidenced by the efficacy of electroacupuncture treatment in modulating OPG levels and managing obesity-related outcomes.
PubMed: 38906326
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.018 -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Jun 2024There have been limited studies examining age-dependent associations between physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to clarify the age-dependent...
BACKGROUND
There have been limited studies examining age-dependent associations between physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to clarify the age-dependent relationship of physical inactivity with incident CVD.
METHODS
We analyzed 1,097,424 participants aged 18-105 years without a history of CVD enrolled in the DeSC database (median age, 63 years; 46.4% men). We categorized participants into the following 4 groups based on age: ≤44 years (n=203,835), 45-64 years (n=403,619), 65-79 years (n=437,236), ≥80 years (n=52,734). We used three physical inactivity components gained from the self-reported questionnaire during a health checkup. The outcomes were composite CVD events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, and each CVD event.
RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 3.2±1.9 years, 81,649 CVD events were observed. The hazard ratios of three physical inactivity components for CVD events increased with age category (P for interaction <0.001). For example, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of physical inactivity defined as not doing light, sweaty exercise for 30 minutes at least twice a week for incident CVD in the groups aged ≤44 years, 45-64 years, 65-79 years, and ≥80 years were 0.97 (0.88-1.05), 1.08 (1.05-1.12), 1.12 (1.10-1.15), and 1.17 (1.12-1.21), respectively (P for interaction <0.001). This association was consistent across subtypes of CVD, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
CONCLUSIONS
The association of physical inactivity with a higher risk of developing CVD increased with age. Preventive efforts for physical activity optimization may be more valuable in older people.
PubMed: 38906248
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.06.012 -
PloS One 2024Foster families may represent an alternative model for dependent older adults in many countries where nursing homes are insufficiently developed. This study aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Foster families may represent an alternative model for dependent older adults in many countries where nursing homes are insufficiently developed. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and its determinants in older adults living in foster families in Guadeloupe (French West Indies).
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was gathered from the KASAF (Karukera Study of Ageing in Foster families) study (n = 107, 41M/66F, Mdn 81.8 years). Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF). Clinical characteristics and scores on geriatric scales (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression (CESD) and Questionnaire Quality of Life Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD)) were extracted. Bivariate analysis and logistic models adjusted for age and gender were performed to test the association of nutritional status with socio-demographic variables and geriatric scales.
RESULTS
Thirty (28.0%) older adults were malnourished (MNA-SF score ≤7). In bivariate analysis, malnutrition was associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (46.7% versus 19.5%, p = 0.004), the presence of hemiplegia (30.0% versus 6.5%, p = 0.003), a poorer cognitive status (MMSE score 4.7 ± 7.1versus 9.7 ± 10.7; p = 0.031), higher risk of depression (CESD score 27.3 ± 23.0 versus 13.5 ± 14.4; p = 0.035) and dependency (ADL score 1.9 ± 1.9 versus 2.3 ± 2.1; p<0.001). Malnutrition was also associated with lower caregivers'rating of QoL (QoL-AD score 21.8 ± 6.4 versus 26.0 ± 5.7; p = 0.001) but not by older adult's rating (24.1 ± 11.2 versus 28.3 ± 7.7; p = 0.156). Similar associations were observed in logistic models adjusted for age and gender.
CONCLUSION
Malnutrition was common among foster families for older adults. Special attention towards the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults from cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, dependency and depression is necessary in this model of dependency support.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Malnutrition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Guadeloupe; Nutritional Status; Geriatric Assessment; Prevalence; Activities of Daily Living; Quality of Life; Nutrition Assessment; Depression
PubMed: 38905295
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304998 -
International Journal of Biological... 2024Although many cohort studies have reported that long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) causes lung cancer, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PM-induced...
Although many cohort studies have reported that long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) causes lung cancer, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PM-induced increases in lung cancer progression remain unclear. We applied the lung cancer cell line A549 (Parental; A549.Par) to PM for an extended period to establish a mimic PM-exposed lung cancer cell line, A549.PM. Our results indicate that A549.PM exhibits higher cell growth and proliferation abilities compared to A549.Par cells and . The RNA sequencing analysis found amphiregulin (AREG) plays a critical role in PM-induced cell proliferation. We observed that PM increases AREG-dependent lung cancer proliferation through glutamine metabolism. In addition, the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in PM-induced solute carrier family A1 member 5 (SLC1A5) expression and glutamine metabolism. Our findings offer important insights into how lung cancer proliferation develops upon exposure to PM.
Topics: Amphiregulin; Humans; Glutamine; Cell Proliferation; Lung Neoplasms; Animals; Particulate Matter; A549 Cells; Signal Transduction; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Amino Acid Transport System ASC; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
PubMed: 38904011
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.96210 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2024Physical changes in the tumor microenvironment, such as increased stiffness, regulate cancer hallmarks and play an essential role in gene expression, cell morphology,...
Physical changes in the tumor microenvironment, such as increased stiffness, regulate cancer hallmarks and play an essential role in gene expression, cell morphology, migration, and malignancy. However, the response of cancer cells to stiffness is not homogeneous and varies depending on the cell type and its mechanosensitivity. In this study, we investigated the differential responses of cervical (HeLa) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines, as well as non-tumoral cell lines (HEK293 and HPrEC), to stiffness using polyacrylamide hydrogels mimicking normal and tumoral tissues. We analyzed cell morphology, migration, and the expression of neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a receptor involved in angiogenesis, cell migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling, known to be associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Our findings reveal that NRP1 expression increases on substrates mimicking the high stiffness characteristic of tumoral tissue in the non-tumoral cell lines HPrEC and HEK293. Conversely, in tumoral PC-3 cells, stiffness resembling normal prostate tissue induces an earlier and more sustained expression of NRP1. Furthermore, we observed that stiffness influences cell spreading, pseudopodia formation, and the mode of cell protrusion during migration. Soft substrates predominantly trigger bleb cell protrusion, while pseudopodia protrusions increase on substrates mimicking normal and tumor-like stiffnesses in HPrEC cells compared to PC-3 cells. Stiffer substrates also enhance the percentage of migratory cells, as well as their velocity and total displacement, in both non-tumoral and tumoral prostate cells. However, they only improve the persistence of migration in tumoral PC-3 cells. Moreover, we found that NRP1 co-localizes with actin, and its suppression impairs tumoral PC-3 spreading while decreasing pseudopodia protrusion mode. Our results suggest that the modulation of NRP1 expression by the stiffness can be a feedback loop to promote malignancy in non-tumoral and cancer cells, contingent upon the mechanosensitivity of the cells.
PubMed: 38903533
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1352233 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Research on psychological need restoration after incidences of need frustration holds promise for deepening our understanding of the dynamic nature of psychological...
BACKGROUND
Research on psychological need restoration after incidences of need frustration holds promise for deepening our understanding of the dynamic nature of psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory. We aimed to extend this work by exploring differences in the process of restoring psychological needs after indences of frustration versus need unfulfillment.
METHODS
In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 Danish adults varying in age, gender, and physical activity levels. Data were analyzed using the Framework Method.
RESULTS
We identified four distinct yet interconnected phases in the need restoration process: Discrepancies between Actual and Desired Need States, Experiencing Negative Emotions, Initiating Plans for Action, and Action Stage. These stages offer a comprehensive framework for understanding how individuals restore their needs.
DISCUSSION
We discerned contrasting approaches to need restoration depending on prior experiences of need frustration due to external contingencies versus need frustration due to internal factors and need unfulfillment. Need frustration due to external contingencies prompts withdrawal, aligning with the avoidance strategies identified in the literature. Conversely, unfulfilled needs and need frustration due to internal factors lead to proactive engagement, highlighting a distinct 'fight' response. These insights extend existing research, providing a nuanced understanding of the dynamic processes of need restoration.
PubMed: 38903469
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1413963 -
Ecology and Evolution Jun 2024Understanding the establishment of plant species is important to inform management of restored grasslands and to preserve biodiversity in ancient grasslands. In...
Understanding the establishment of plant species is important to inform management of restored grasslands and to preserve biodiversity in ancient grasslands. In grassland communities, plant species can establish from seeds arriving via spatial dispersal, from seeds in the soil seed bank or through vegetative spread from nearby source individuals. However, this colonization potential and the likelihood of species establishment can vary in grasslands with different land-use history. We investigated the relative importance of local species recruitment sources, such as dispersal in space and time and species presence in adjacent grasslands, in determining establishment of plant species in eight grasslands with different land-use history (paired ancient grasslands continuously managed as pasture vs. restored grasslands on former forest). At each grassland, we established plots (0.25 m) to monitor seedling emergence from seed dispersal, seed bank, and recorded clonal growth over two growing periods. We found that the likelihood of species establishment was highest from local seed rain, and that species present in the local species pool were more able to germinate and establish in both type of grasslands. Species from the seed bank and clonal growth contributed to a lesser extent to species establishment, but represented a greater proportion of the recolonization and regeneration of species in ancient grasslands. These results demonstrate that surrounding grasslands serve as a source for colonizing species and that dispersal from the adjacent grasslands is the key process in regeneration and colonization of plants. These results imply that the recovery of grasslands depends heavily upon to links to species source in grasslands, especially in restored grasslands. Therefore, management plans should incorporate rotational livestock grazing and larger networks of grassland in restoration efforts, which will enable to desirable species to establish and persist in grasslands.
PubMed: 38903144
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11611