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Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Jun 2024Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric...
Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric acid has been the primary setting retarder used in this context. Due to the poor biocompatibility, it is crucial to explore alternative options for better processing. In recent years, the setting retarder phytic acid (IP6) has been increasingly investigated. This study investigates the biological behaviour of calcium phosphate cements with varying concentrations of IP6, in addition to their physical properties. Therefore cytocompatibility in vitro testing was performed using osteoblastic (MG-63) and osteoclastic (RAW 264.7 differentiated with RANKL) cells. We could demonstrate that the physical properties like the compressive strength of specimens formed with IP6 (brushite_IP6_5 = 11.2 MPa) were improved compared to the reference (brushite = 9.8 MPa). In osteoblast and osteoclast assays, IP6 exhibited significantly better cytocompatibility in terms of cell activity and cell number for brushite cements up to 11 times compared to the brushite reference. In contrast, the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) cements produced similar results for IP6 (CDHA_IP6_0.25 = 27.0 MPa) when compared to their reference (CDHA = 21.2 MPa). Interestingly, lower doses of IP6 were found to be more effective than higher doses with up to 3 times higher. Additionally, IP6 significantly increased degradation in both passive and active resorption. For these reasons, IP6 is emerging as a strong new competitor to established setting retarders such as citric acid. These cements have potential applications in bone augmentation, the stabilisation of non-load bearing fractures (craniofacial), or the cementation of metal implants.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Mice; Materials Testing; Bone Cements; Osteoblasts; RAW 264.7 Cells; Humans; Osteoclasts; Compressive Strength; Biocompatible Materials; Durapatite
PubMed: 38900219
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06805-y -
Polymers May 2024To broaden the applications of wood, it is necessary to prepare flame-retardant coatings that can protect wood substrates during combustion. In this study, a bio-based,...
To broaden the applications of wood, it is necessary to prepare flame-retardant coatings that can protect wood substrates during combustion. In this study, a bio-based, intumescent, flame-retardant phytic acid-melamine polyelectrolyte (PM) was prepared using phosphorus-rich biomass phytic acid and nitrogen-rich melamine as raw materials through an ion crosslinking reaction. Subsequently, a series of bio-based, flame-retardant wood coatings were prepared by optimizing the structure of urea-formaldehyde resin with the addition of melamine, sodium lignosulfonate, and PM as a flame-retardant curing agent. Woods coated with PM-containing coatings displayed significantly improved flame-retardant performances in comparison to uncoated woods. For PM-cured woods, the measured values of total heat release and total smoke production were 91.51% and 57.80% lower, respectively, compared with those of uncoated wood. Furthermore, the fire growth index decreased by 97.32%, indicating a lower fire hazard. This increase in flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance is due to the dense expanded carbon layer formed during the combustion of the coating, which isolates oxygen and heat. In addition, the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant coatings cured with PM are similar to those cured with a commercial curing agent, NHCl. In addition, the prepared flame-retardant coating can also stain the wood. This study proves the excellent flame-retarding and curing effect of ammonium phytate in urea-formaldehyde resin coatings and provides a new approach for the application of bio-based flame retardants in wood coatings.
PubMed: 38891502
DOI: 10.3390/polym16111557 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Inositol hexaphosphate (InsP) is the major storage form of phosphorus in seeds. Reducing seed InsP content is a breeding objective in agriculture, as InsP negatively...
Inositol hexaphosphate (InsP) is the major storage form of phosphorus in seeds. Reducing seed InsP content is a breeding objective in agriculture, as InsP negatively impacts animal nutrition and the environment. Nevertheless, how InsP accumulation is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we identify a clade of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), named Inositol Polyphosphate-related Cytoplasmic Kinases 1-6 (IPCK1-IPCK6), deeply involved in InsP accumulation. The InsP concentration is dramatically reduced in seeds of ipck quadruple (T-4m/C-4m) and quintuple (C-5m) mutants, accompanied with the obviously increase of phosphate (Pi) concentration. The plasma membrane-localized IPCKs recruit IPK1 involved in InsP synthesis, and facilitate its binding and activity via phosphorylation of GRF 14-3-3 proteins. IPCKs also recruit IPK2s and PI-PLCs required for InsP/InsP and InsP biosynthesis respectively, to form a potential IPCK-GRF-PLC-IPK2-IPK1 complex. Our findings therefore uncover a regulatory mechanism of InsP accumulation governed by IPCKs, shedding light on the mechanisms of InsP biosynthesis in eukaryotes.
Topics: 14-3-3 Proteins; Phytic Acid; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Phosphorylation; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Mutation; Cell Membrane; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Inositol Phosphates
PubMed: 38877001
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49102-6 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 10.5% in the adult population (20-79 years), and by 2045, the prevalence is expected to keep rising to one in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral phytate supplementation on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, brain iron deposition and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a concept paper for a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial (the PHYND trial).
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 10.5% in the adult population (20-79 years), and by 2045, the prevalence is expected to keep rising to one in eight adults living with diabetes. Mild cognitive impairment has a global prevalence of 19.7% in adults aged 50 years. Both conditions have shown a concerning increase in prevalence rates over the past 10 years, highlighting a growing public health challenge. Future forecasts indicate that the prevalence of dementia (no estimations done for individuals with mild cognitive impairment) is expected to nearly triple by 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment, and such impairment increase the likelihood of poor glycemic/metabolic control. High phytate intake has been shown to be a protective factor against the development of cognitive impairment in observational studies. Diary phytate intake might reduce the micro- and macrovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through different mechanisms. We describe the protocol of the first trial (the PHYND trial) that evaluate the effect of daily phytate supplementation over 56 weeks with a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled study on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, cerebral iron deposition, and retinal involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our hypothesis proposes that phytate, by inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation and chelating transition metals, will improve cognitive function and attenuate the progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, we predict that phytate will reduce iron accumulation in the central nervous system, mitigate neurodegenerative changes in both the central nervous system and retina, and induce alterations in biochemical markers associated with neurodegeneration.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cognitive Dysfunction; Double-Blind Method; Phytic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progression; Brain; Iron; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38872972
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1332237 -
Chemical Science Jun 2024Hard carbon (HC) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its cost-effectiveness and low-voltage plateau capacity. Heteroatom...
Hard carbon (HC) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its cost-effectiveness and low-voltage plateau capacity. Heteroatom doping is considered as an effective strategy to improve the sodium storage capacity of HC. However, most of the previous heteroatom doping strategies are performed at a relatively low temperature, which could not be utilized to raise the low-voltage plateau capacity. Moreover, extra doping of heteroatoms could create new defects, leading to a low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). Herein, we propose a repair strategy based on doping a trace amount of P to achieve a high capacity along with a high ICE. By employing the cross-linked interaction between glucose and phytic acid to achieve the P doped spherical hard carbon, the obtained PHC-0.2 possesses a large interlayer space that facilitates Na storage and transportation. In addition, doping a suitable amount of P could repair some defects in carbon layers. When used as an anode material for SIBs, the PHC-0.2 exhibits an enhanced reversible capacity of 343 mA h g at 20 mA g with a high ICE of 92%. Full cells consisting of a PHC-0.2 anode and a NaFeMn[Fe(CN)] cathode exhibited an average potential of 3.1 V with an initial discharge capacity of 255 mA h g and an ICE of 85%. The full cell displays excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 80.3% after 170 cycles. This method is simple and low-cost, which can be extended to other energy storage materials.
PubMed: 38846387
DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01395f -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of a universal adhesive to dentin (μTBS) using different time periods of airborne particle abrasion (APA) and two types...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of a universal adhesive to dentin (μTBS) using different time periods of airborne particle abrasion (APA) and two types of acid etching.
METHODS
Seventy-two human third molars were divided into 9 groups (n=8) according to dentin pretreatment: APA duration (0, 5, or 10s) and acid etching (no acid - NA, 37% phosphoric acid - PhoA, or 1% phytic acid - PhyA). APA was performed at a 0.5 cm distance and air pressure of 60 psi using 50 μm aluminum oxide particles. Afterwards, two coats of Single Bond Universal adhesive (3M) were applied to the dentin surface. Composite blocks were built using the incremental technique, sectioned into 1×1 mm slices and subjected to microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing. Fracture patterns and surface topography of each dentinal pretreatment were evaluated using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bond strength data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.
RESULTS
The group that received pretreatment with 5s APA and PhoA presented higher μTBS values among all groups, which was statistically different when compared with the PhoA, 10APA+PhoA, and 5APA+PhyA groups. PhyA did not significantly influence the bond strength of the air-abraded groups. Finally, adhesive failure was considered the predominant failure in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Dentin pretreated by airborne particle abrasion using aluminum oxide demonstrated an increase in bond strength when abraded for 5 seconds and conditioned with phosphoric acid in a universal adhesive system.
PubMed: 38835853
DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S456826 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jul 2024Phytate content in feed ingredients can negatively impact digestibility and palatability. To address this issue, it is necessary to study microbes capable of breaking...
Phytate content in feed ingredients can negatively impact digestibility and palatability. To address this issue, it is necessary to study microbes capable of breaking down phytate content. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phytase-producing bacteria from decaying materials rich in phytic acid. The research was conducted in several stages. The first stage involved isolating phytase-producing bacteria from the acidification of using growth media containing Na-phytate. Bacterial isolates that produced clear zones were then tested for their activity and ability to produce several enzymes, specifically phytase, cellulase, and protease. The next step was to test the morphological characteristics of the bacterial isolate. The final stage of bacterial identification consisted of DNA isolation, followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, DNA sequence homology analysis, and construction of a phylogenetic tree. Based on research, three isolates were found to produce clear phytase zones: isolates R5 (20.3 mm), R7 (16.1 mm) and R8 (31.7 mm). All isolates were able to produce the enzymes phytase (5.45-6.54 U/ml), cellulase (2.60-2.92 U/ml), and protease (22.2-23.4 U/ml). Metagenomic testing identified isolate R7 and R8 as and isolate R5 as . The isolation and characterization of phytase-producing bacteria from acidification resulted in the identification of two promising candidates that can be applied as sources of phytase producers. Phytase-producing bacteria can be utilized to improve digestibility and palatability in animal feed.
PubMed: 38813263
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104006 -
Polymers May 2024Bacterial infections have a serious impact on public health. It is urgent to develop antibacterial hydrogels with good biocompatibility to reduce the use of antibiotics....
Bacterial infections have a serious impact on public health. It is urgent to develop antibacterial hydrogels with good biocompatibility to reduce the use of antibiotics. In this study, poly(lipoic acid-co-sodium lipoate)-phytic acid (P(LA-SL)-PA) hydrogels are prepared by a simple mixture of the natural small molecules lipoic acid (LA) and phytic acid (PA) in a mild and green reaction environment. The crosslinking network is constructed through the connection of covalent disulfide bonds as well as the hydrogen bonds, which endow the injectable and self-healing properties. The P(LA-SL)-PA hydrogels exhibit an adjustable compression modulus and adhesion. The in vitro agar plates assay indicates that the antibacterial rate of hydrogels against and is close to 95%. In the rat-infected wound model, the P(LA-SL)-PA hydrogels adhere closely to the tissue and promote epithelialization and collagen deposition with a significant effect on wound healing. These results prove that the P(LA-SL)-PA hydrogels could act as effective wound dressings for promoting the healing of infected wounds.
PubMed: 38794508
DOI: 10.3390/polym16101316 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Cottonseed is rich in oil and protein. However, its antinutritional factor content, of phytic acid (PA), has limited its utilization. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy,...
Cottonseed is rich in oil and protein. However, its antinutritional factor content, of phytic acid (PA), has limited its utilization. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics, is an efficient and eco-friendly analytical technique for crop quality analysis. Despite its potential, there are currently no established NIR models for measuring the PA content in fuzzy cottonseeds. In this research, a total of 456 samples of fuzzy cottonseed were used as the experimental materials. Spectral pre-treatments, including first derivative (1D) and standard normal variable transformation (SNV), were applied, and the linear partial least squares (PLS), nonlinear support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) methods were utilized to develop accurate calibration models for predicting the content of PA in fuzzy cottonseed. The results showed that the spectral pre-treatment significantly improved the prediction performance of the models, with the RF model exhibiting the best prediction performance. The RF model had a coefficient of determination in prediction ) of 0.9114, and its residual predictive deviation (RPD) was 3.9828, which indicates its high accuracy in measuring the PA content in fuzzy cottonseed. Additionally, this method avoids the costly and time-consuming delinting and crushing of cottonseeds, making it an economical and environmentally friendly alternative.
PubMed: 38790883
DOI: 10.3390/foods13101584 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Common beans are a common staple food with valuable nutritional qualities, but their high contents in antinutritional factors (ANFs) can decrease the bioavailability of...
Common beans are a common staple food with valuable nutritional qualities, but their high contents in antinutritional factors (ANFs) can decrease the bioavailability of (i) fat-soluble micronutrients including carotenoids and (ii) minerals. Our objective was to select ANF-poor bean lines that would not interfere with carotenoid and mineral bioavailability. To achieve this objective, seeds of commercial and experimental Phaseolus vulgaris L. bean lines were produced for 2 years and the bean's content in ANFs (saponins, phytates, tannins, total polyphenols) was assessed. We then measured carotenoid bioaccessibility and mineral solubility (i.e. the fraction of carotenoid and mineral that transfer into the aqueous phase of the digesta and is therefore absorbable) from prepared beans using in vitro digestion. All beans contained at least 200 mg/100 g of saponins and 2.44 mg/100 g tannins. The low phytic acid (lpa) lines, lpa1 and lpa1 exhibited lower phytate levels (≈ - 80%, p = 0.007 and p = 0.02) than their control BAT-93. However, this decrease had no significant impact on mineral solubility. HP5/1 (lpa + phaseolin and lectin PHA-E free) bean line, induced an improvement in carotenoid bioaccessibility (i.e., + 38%, p = 0.02, and + 32%, p = 0.005, for phytofluene bioaccessibility in 2021 and 2022, respectively). We conclude that decrease in the phytate bean content should thus likely be associated to decreases in other ANFs such as tannins or polyphenols to lead to significant improvement of micronutrient bioaccessibility.
Topics: Phaseolus; Solubility; Carotenoids; Phytic Acid; Biological Availability; Minerals; Tannins; Seeds; Polyphenols; Nutritive Value; Saponins
PubMed: 38789472
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61475-8