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Biochemistry Jan 2024Inositol phosphates and their pyrophosphorylated derivatives are responsive to the phosphate supply and are agents of phosphate homeostasis and other aspects of...
Inositol phosphates and their pyrophosphorylated derivatives are responsive to the phosphate supply and are agents of phosphate homeostasis and other aspects of physiology. It seems likely that the enzymes that interconvert these signals work against the prevailing milieu of mixed populations of competing substrates and products. The synthesis of inositol pyrophosphates is mediated in plants by two classes of ATP-grasp fold kinase: PPIP5 kinases, known as VIH, and members of the inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase (ITPK) family, specifically ITPK1/2. A molecular explanation of the contribution of ITPK1/2 to inositol pyrophosphate synthesis and turnover in plants is incomplete: the absence of nucleotide in published crystal structures limits the explanation of phosphotransfer reactions, and little is known of the affinity of potential substrates and competitors for ITPK1. Herein, we describe a complex of ADP and ITPK1 at 2.26 Å resolution and use a simple fluorescence polarization approach to compare the affinity of binding of diverse inositol phosphates, inositol pyrophosphates, and analogues. By simple HPLC, we reveal the novel catalytic capability of ITPK1 for different inositol pyrophosphates and show Ins(3,4,5,6)P to be a potent inhibitor of the inositol pyrophosphate-synthesizing activity of ITPK1. We further describe the exquisite specificity of ITPK1 for the -isomer among naturally occurring inositol hexakisphosphates.
Topics: Diphosphates; Solanum tuberosum; Inositol Phosphates; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 38146842
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00404 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Plasma membrane H-ATPases (PMAs) play an important role in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi. Lipid droplets are important storage sites for neutral lipids in fungal...
Plasma membrane H-ATPases (PMAs) play an important role in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi. Lipid droplets are important storage sites for neutral lipids in fungal conidia and hyphae and can be used by plant pathogenic fungi for infection. However, the relationship between plasma membrane H-ATPase, lipid droplets and virulence remains unclear. Here, we characterized a plasma membrane H-ATPase, CsPMA2, that plays a key role in lipid droplet formation, appresorial development and virulence in . Deletion of impaired conidial size, conidial germination, appressorial development and virulence but did not affect hyphal growth. Δ increased the sensitivity of to phytic acid and oxalic acid. CsPMA2 was localized to lipids on the plasma membrane and intracellular membrane. Deletion of significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and significantly affected the contents of some species of lipids, including 12 species with decreased lipid contents and 3 species with increased lipid contents. Furthermore, low pH can inhibit expression and lipid droplet accumulation. Overall, our data revealed that the plasma membrane H-ATPase CsPMA2 is involved in the regulation of lipid droplet formation and affects appressorial development and virulence in .
Topics: Virulence; Lipid Droplets; Fungal Proteins; Colletotrichum; Lipids; Cell Membrane; Proton-Translocating ATPases
PubMed: 38139168
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417337 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Organic phosphorus (OP) is an essential component of the soil P cycle, which contributes to barley nutrition after its mineralization into inorganic phosphorus (Pi)....
Organic phosphorus (OP) is an essential component of the soil P cycle, which contributes to barley nutrition after its mineralization into inorganic phosphorus (Pi). However, the dynamics of OP utilization in the barley rhizosphere remain unclear. In this study, phytin was screened out from six OP carriers, which could reflect the difference in OP utilization between a P-inefficient genotype Baudin and a P-efficient genotype CN4027. The phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE), root morphological traits, and expression of genes associated with P utilization were assessed under P deficiency or phytin treatments. P deficiency resulted in a greater root surface area and thicker roots. In barley fed with phytin as a P carrier, the APase activities of CN4027 were 2-3-fold lower than those of Baudin, while the phytase activities of CN4027 were 2-3-fold higher than those of Baudin. The PUE in CN4027 was mainly enhanced by activating phytase to improve the root absorption and utilization of Pi resulting from OP mineralization, while the PUE in Baudin was mainly enhanced by activating APase to improve the shoot reuse capacity. A phosphate transporter gene regulated P transport from the roots to the shoots, while a purple acid phosphatase (PAP) family gene contributed to the reuse of P in barley.
Topics: Phosphorus; Hordeum; 6-Phytase; Phytic Acid; Genotype; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38139020
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417191 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023We hypothesized that optimizing the formulation of pasta by incorporating sprouted pseudocereal flours, specifically quinoa ( Willd) or kiwicha ( L.) and cushuro (...
We hypothesized that optimizing the formulation of pasta by incorporating sprouted pseudocereal flours, specifically quinoa ( Willd) or kiwicha ( L.) and cushuro ( Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault) flours, could offer the potential to simultaneously enhance nutritional quality and health-promoting properties in pasta. In this study, our objective was to optimize the formulation of composite flour (a ternary blend of wheat, sprouted pseudocereal, and cushuro flours) using a mixture composite design to maximize total soluble phenolic compounds (TSPC), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), antioxidant activity, and mineral bioaccesilability by reducing phytic acid (PA) content. Two optimal formulations were identified: one consisting of 79% wheat flour (WF), 13% SQF, and 8% CuF (oPQC), and the other composed of 70% WF, 15% SKF, and 15% CuF (oPKC). These optimized pastas exhibited reduced starch content and notably higher levels of total dietary fiber (1.5-3.61-fold), protein (1.16-fold), fat (1.3-1.5-fold), ash (2.2-2.7-fold), minerals (K, Na, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, and Ca), PA (3-4.5-fold), TSPC (1.3-1.9-fold), GABA (1.2-2.6-fold), and ORAC (6.5-8.7-fold) compared to control pasta (100% WF). Notably, the glycemic index of oPQC (59.8) was lower than that of oPKC (54.7) and control pasta (63.1). The nutritional profile of the optimized pasta was largely retained after cooking, although some significant losses were observed for soluble dietary fiber (18.2-44.0%), K (47.5-50.7%), Na (42.5-63.6), GABA (41.68-51.4%), TSPC (8-18%), and antioxidant activity (45.4-46.4%). In vitro digestion of cooked oPQC and oPKC demonstrated higher bioaccessible content of GABA (6.7-16.26 mg/100 g), TSPC (257.7-261.8 mg GAE/100 g), Ca (58.40-93.5 mg/100 g), and Fe (7.35-7.52 mg/100 g), as well as antioxidant activity (164.9-171.1 µmol TE/g) in intestinal digestates compared to control pasta. These findings suggest that the incorporation of sprouted pseudocereals and cushuro flour offers a promising approach to enhance the nutritional quality and bioactive content of wheat-based pasta, potentially providing health benefits beyond traditional formulations.
PubMed: 38137199
DOI: 10.3390/foods12244395 -
Biomolecules Dec 2023A study evaluated nine kinetic data and four kinetic parameters related to growth, production of various phytase activities (PE), and released phosphate ion...
A study evaluated nine kinetic data and four kinetic parameters related to growth, production of various phytase activities (PE), and released phosphate ion concentration ([Pi]) from five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains cultivated in three types of media: phytate (IP6), milling stage rice bran (MsRB), and whitening stage rice bran (WsRB). Score ranking techniques were used, combining these kinetic data and parameters to select the most suitable LAB strain for each medium across three cultivation time periods (24, 48, and 72 h). In the IP6 medium, TISTR 1500 exhibited statistically significant highest ( ≤ 0.05) normalized summation scores using a 2:1 weighting between kinetic and parameter data sets. This strain also had the statistically highest levels ( ≤ 0.05) of produced phosphate ion concentration ([Pi]) (0.55 g/L) at 72 h and produced extracellular specific phytase activity (ExSp-PE) (0.278 U/mg) at 48 h. For the MsRB and WsRB media, TISTR 877 performed exceptionally well after 72 h of cultivation. It produced ([Pi], ExSp-PE) pairs of (0.53 g/L, 0.0790 U/mg) in MsRB and (0.85 g/L, 0.0593 U/mg) in WsRB, respectively. Overall, these findings indicate the most promising LAB strains for each medium and cultivation time based on their ability to produce phosphate ions and extracellular specific phytase activity. The selection process utilized a combination of kinetic data and parameter analysis.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Lactobacillales; Oryza; Phosphates; Biopolymers; Lactic Acid; Ions
PubMed: 38136641
DOI: 10.3390/biom13121770 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Composite collagen gels with hyaluronic acid are developed tissue-engineered structures for filling and regeneration of defects in various organs and tissues. For the...
Composite collagen gels with hyaluronic acid are developed tissue-engineered structures for filling and regeneration of defects in various organs and tissues. For the first time, phytic acid was used to increase the stability and improve the mechanical properties of collagen gels with hyaluronic acid. Phytic acid is a promising cross-linker for collagen hydrogels and is a plant-derived antioxidant found in rich sources of beans, grains, and oilseeds. Phytic acid has several benefits due to its antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor properties. In this work, studies were carried out on the kinetics of the self-assembly of collagen molecules in the presence of phytic and hyaluronic acids. It was shown that both of these acids do not lead to collagen self-assembly. Scanning electron microscopy showed that in the presence of phytic and hyaluronic acids, the collagen fibrils had a native structure, and the FTIR method confirmed the chemical cross-links between the collagen fibrils. DSC and rheological studies demonstrated that adding the phytic acid improved the stability and modulus of elasticity of the collagen gel. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the collagen gel slightly reduced the effect of phytic acid. The presence of phytic acid in the collagen gel improved the stability of the scaffold, but, after 1 week of cultivation, slightly reduced the viability of mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in the gel. The collagen type I gel with hyaluronic and phytic acids can be used to replace tissue defects, especially after the removal of cancerous tumors.
PubMed: 38131949
DOI: 10.3390/gels9120963 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2023Wheat bran and whole wheat flour are excellent dietary fibre (DF) sources which are widely used in food industry to produce high fibre food products. Although they are...
Wheat bran and whole wheat flour are excellent dietary fibre (DF) sources which are widely used in food industry to produce high fibre food products. Although they are successfully utilized in several cereal based food formulations, there is no report regarding their use in manti which is a traditional Turkish food consumed all over the country. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wheat bran and whole wheat flour on the nutritional and cooking quality of manti. Samples were produced in an industrial plant and evaluated in terms of DF, phytic acid, in vitro glycemic index (GI), color and cooking quality (cooking loss, cooking time, weight increase). Although an increase was observed in phytic acid contents of manti produced from wheat bran or whole wheat flour, their DF contents increased without any adverse effect on cooking quality compared to control manti produced from refined flour. Besides, whole wheat flour resulted in a significant decrease in GI. The outcomes of this study demonstrates the applicability of wheat bran and whole wheat flour for industrial-scale production of manti with a good nutritional profile.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Flour; Phytic Acid; Triticum; Cooking
PubMed: 38126429
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220044 -
Food Science & Nutrition Dec 2023The effects of two fermentation processes (common fermentation with and fermentation by subsp. PTCC 1608 and subsp. PTCC 1745) on pH, titratable acidity, total...
The effects of two fermentation processes (common fermentation with and fermentation by subsp. PTCC 1608 and subsp. PTCC 1745) on pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, saponin content, as well as phytic acid content of quinoa dough were investigated during the 24-h fermentation (4-h interval). According to the results, the highest titratable acidity was observed in the samples fermented by subsp. . Moreover, the highest antioxidant capacity was observed after 12 h of fermentation by subsp. (31.22% for DPPH, 104.67% for FRAP) due to a higher concentration of phenolic compounds produced (170.5% for total phenolic content). Also, all samples have been able to reduce saponin by 67% on average. Furthermore, the samples fermented by subsp. showed the most significant decrease in phytic acid content (64.64%) during 24-h fermentation. By considering the reduction of the antinutritional compounds and improvement in the antioxidant properties of quinoa flour, the strain was recommended.
PubMed: 38107108
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3679 -
PloS One 2023This study evaluated phytic acid (IP6) effect on the viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium release of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells in...
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated phytic acid (IP6) effect on the viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium release of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells in optimal (OGL) and elevated glucose level (EGL) in cell culture media.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cells were seeded in OGL (1000mg/L) or EGL (4500 mg/L) media. IP6 was added at 0.005%, 0.01% or 0.02% concentrations for 24 or 48h, and XTT assay was performed. Cell differentiation and calcium release in presence of 0.02% IP6 in OGL or EGL in non-osteogenic or osteogenic media were analyzed using ALP assay and alizarin red staining, respectively.
RESULTS
In OGL, IP6 enhanced the viability of the cells at both exposure times (P<0.05). However, IP6 lowered the viability of the cells with the presence of EGL compared to the control at both exposure times, except for 0.02% IP6 which showed comparable viability to the control at 48 h. In OGL and EGL, ALP activity of the cells was not affected by the presence of IP6 in non-osteogenic media; however, in osteogenic media IP6 lowered the ALP activity. Meanwhile, calcium release was the highest with IP6 within osteogenic media of EGL.
CONCLUSIONS
IP6 effects on the HPDL cells were dependent on IP6 concentration, time of exposure, glucose levels and the osteogenic condition of the media.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study gives insights on the potential therapeutic effect of IP6 as adjunctive periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Phytic Acid; Periodontal Ligament; Calcium; Osteogenesis; Cells, Cultured; Cell Differentiation; Fibroblasts; Glucose; Cell Proliferation; Alkaline Phosphatase
PubMed: 38096253
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295612 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Climate changes are one of the biggest threats to food security. Sustainable agriculture, focused on eco-friendly practices for highly efficient food production, enables...
Climate changes are one of the biggest threats to food security. Sustainable agriculture, focused on eco-friendly practices for highly efficient food production, enables greater resilience and safety. This study experimented on intercropping and bio-fertilizer application as convenient ecological solutions for crop yield stability and quality. The experiment was conducted during 2018 and 2020 with soybean and common millet sown in three sowing patterns: alternating rows, alternating strips 1 (2 rows of soybean + 2 rows of millet), and alternating strips 2 (2 rows of soybean + 4 rows of millet), as well as sole crops (control), with or without a bio-fertilizer Coveron. Grain yield and nutrient grain yield response were calculated through land equivalent ratio (LER) and element-LER (E-LER), while quality was estimated based on the concentration of antioxidants (phytate phosphorus, total phenolic compounds, and yellow pigment) and elements in grains, including potential bio-availability of essential elements. Results revealed LER values to be >1 for all sowing patterns, with the highest one achieved in alternating strips 1 (1.38) together with a greater level of all antioxidants in millet grain. Intercropping significantly enhanced Fe and Mn accumulation in both crops and simultaneously decreased the concentration of potentially toxic elements (Al, Cr) in millet grain. Potential bio-availability of essential elements, expressed through the ratio between phytic acid and Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn revealed smaller values in intercropped soybean and millet with the bio-fertilizer. The bio-fertilizer also increased the concentration of some micro-elements in millet grain, classifying it as a highly dependent plant to microbial inoculation. Interaction of intercropping and bio-fertilizer was most pronounced for LER, E-LER, and accumulation of Fe and Mn in grains. These results highlighted the benefits of soybean-common millet intercropping, especially in combination with the bio-fertilizer, in light of enhanced land utilization and nutrient absorption, thus increasing the resilience of soybean and millet under dry land conditions and low-input systems toward stability and food security.
PubMed: 38094923
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1267928