-
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Lindl. is a native Australian forb responsible for livestock poisoning and reducing the productivity and sustainability of grazing enterprises. This study was conducted...
Lindl. is a native Australian forb responsible for livestock poisoning and reducing the productivity and sustainability of grazing enterprises. This study was conducted as a pot trial under controlled conditions to investigate an effective chemical management strategy for , a method that did not leave standing dead plant material, as such material can also be toxic to grazing cattle. Three herbicides, including one pre-emergence (tebuthiuron) and two post-emergence herbicides (2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl), were tested in pot trials for their efficacy on . Results showed that tebuthiuron applied as either a granular (10% active ingredient, a.i.) or pelleted (20% a.i.) form efficiently reduced the emergence of seedlings. Although some seedlings emerged, they perished within 7 days post treatment, leaving no residual plant matter. Testing now needs to be undertaken under field conditions to validate the findings within vegetation communities where potential non-target impacts need to be accounted for as well. The post-emergence application of 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl demonstrated that the highest efficacy and reduced application rates were achieved by treating earlier growth stages (i.e., seedlings) of plants. In addition, the amount of toxic dead plant material was minimized due to the faster degradation of these small plants. These findings offer practical, cost-effective solutions for sustaining grazing lands from challenges.
PubMed: 38794412
DOI: 10.3390/plants13101342 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Manganese (Mn) is a heavy metal that can cause excessive Mn poisoning in plants, disrupting microstructural homeostasis and impairing growth and development. However,...
Manganese (Mn) is a heavy metal that can cause excessive Mn poisoning in plants, disrupting microstructural homeostasis and impairing growth and development. However, the specific response mechanisms of leaves to Mn poisoning have not been fully elucidated. This study revealed that Mn poisoning of soybean plants resulted in yellowing of old leaves. Physiological assessments of these old leaves revealed significant increases in the antioxidant enzymes activities (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT)) and elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, indoleacetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA), under 100 μM Mn toxicity. Conversely, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin 3 (GA), and jasmonic acid (JA) significantly decreased. The Mn content in the affected leaves significantly increased, while the levels of Ca, Na, K, and Cu decreased. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2258 differentially expressed genes in the Mn-stressed leaves, 744 of which were upregulated and 1514 were downregulated; these genes included genes associated with ion transporters, hormone synthesis, and various enzymes. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) verification of fifteen genes confirmed altered gene expression in the Mn-stressed leaves. These findings suggest a complex gene regulatory mechanism under Mn toxicity and stress, providing a foundation for further exploration of Mn tolerance-related gene regulatory mechanisms in soybean leaves. Using the methods described above, this study will investigate the molecular mechanism of old soybean leaves' response to Mn poisoning, identify key genes that play regulatory roles in Mn toxicity stress, and lay the groundwork for cultivating high-quality soybean varieties with Mn toxicity tolerance traits.
Topics: Glycine max; Plant Leaves; Manganese; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Stress, Physiological; Antioxidants; Plant Proteins; Superoxide Dismutase; Malondialdehyde; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38791379
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105341 -
Genes Apr 2024Honeybees are prone to poisoning, also known as jujube flower disease, after collecting nectar from jujube flowers, resulting in the tumultuous demise of foragers. The...
Honeybees are prone to poisoning, also known as jujube flower disease, after collecting nectar from jujube flowers, resulting in the tumultuous demise of foragers. The prevalence of jujube flower disease has become one of the main factors affecting the development of the jujube and beekeeping industries in Northern China. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying jujube flower disease in honeybees are poorly understood. Herein, we first conducted morphological observations of the midgut using HE-staining and found that jujube flower disease-affected honeybees displayed midgut damage with peritrophic membrane detachment. Jujube flower disease was found to increase the activity of chitinase and carboxylesterase (CarE) and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the content of CYP450 in the honeybee midgut. Transcriptomic data identified 119 differentially expressed genes in the midgut of diseased and healthy honeybees, including , , , , , and , which are associated with oxidoreductase activity and vitamin binding. In summary, collecting jujube flower nectar could reduce antioxidant and detoxification capacities of the honeybee midgut and, in more severe cases, damage the intestinal structure, suggesting that intestinal damage might be the main cause of honeybee death due to jujube nectar. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of jujube flower disease in honeybees.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Flowers; Transcriptome; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Ziziphus; Superoxide Dismutase; Carboxylesterase; Chitinases; Insect Proteins; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 38790162
DOI: 10.3390/genes15050533 -
BMC Genomics May 2024Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehyde molecules into the corresponding carboxylic acid, regulate the balance of...
BACKGROUND
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehyde molecules into the corresponding carboxylic acid, regulate the balance of aldehydes and protect plants from the poisoning caused by excessive accumulation of aldehydes; however, this gene family has rarely been studied in cotton.
RESULTS
In the present study, genome-wide identification was performed, and a total of 114 ALDH family members were found in three cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii. The ALDH genes were divided into six subgroups by evolutionary analysis. ALDH genes in the same subgroup showed similar gene structures and conserved motifs, but some genes showed significant differences, which may result in functional differences. Chromosomal location analysis and selective pressure analysis revealed that the ALDH gene family had experienced many fragment duplication events. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that this gene family may be involved in the response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The RT‒qPCR results showed that the expression levels of some members of this gene family were significantly increased under salt stress conditions. Gohir.A11G040800 and Gohir.D06G046200 were subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments, and the sensitivity of the silenced plants to salt stress was significantly greater than that of the negative control plants, suggesting that Gohir.A11G040800 and Gohir.D06G046200 may be involved in the response of cotton to salt stress.
CONCLUSIONS
In total, 114 ALDH genes were identified in three Gossypium species by a series of bioinformatics analysis. Gene silencing of the ALDH genes of G. hirsutum revealed that ALDH plays an important role in the response of cotton to salt stress.
Topics: Gossypium; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Genome, Plant; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Stress, Physiological; Plant Proteins; Evolution, Molecular; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Plant; Gene Silencing
PubMed: 38789947
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10388-x -
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... Apr 2024
Topics: Animals; Rats; Lycium; Lead; Rhodopseudomonas; Male; Plant Extracts; Lead Poisoning; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 38727169
DOI: 10.3967/bes2024.050 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Substantial previous studies have reported that fulvic acid (FA) application plays an important role in Chinese agricultural production. However, little is known about...
INTRODUCTION
Substantial previous studies have reported that fulvic acid (FA) application plays an important role in Chinese agricultural production. However, little is known about the mechanisms for using FA to increase apple trees resistance to Cd toxicity. In order to clarify the mechanism underlying FA alleviation in Cd-induced growth inhibition in apple seedlings.
METHODS
Herein, we treated M9T337 seedlings to either 0 or 30 µM/L Cd together with 0 or 0.2 g/L FA and analyzed the root growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, carbon (C) assimilation, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and C and N transport.
RESULTS
The results presented that, compared with CK (without Cd addition or FA spraying application), Cd poisoning significantly inhibited the root growth of apple seedlings. However, this Cd-induced root growth inhibition was significantly alleviated by FA spraying relative to the Cd treatment (Cd addition alone). On the one hand, the mitigation of inhibition effects was due to the reduced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxdiant enzyme (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities in leaves and roots. On the other hand, this growth advantage demonstrated compared to the Cd treatment was found to be associated with the strengthen of photosynthetic performance and the elevation of C and N metabolism enzymes activities. Meanwhile, we also found that under Cd stress condition, the distribution of C and N nutrients in apple seedlings was optimised by FA spraying application relative to the Cd treatment, according to the results of C and N tracing.
CONCLUSION
Conclusively, our results suggested that the inhibitory effect of Cd on apple seedlings root growth was alleviated by FA through regulating antioxdiant capacities and C and N metabolism.
PubMed: 38711608
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1370637 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) May 2024species are commonly used as medicinal herbs, with a wide range of implications for medical conditions. The injudicious use of this plant has been known to cause...
INTRODUCTION
species are commonly used as medicinal herbs, with a wide range of implications for medical conditions. The injudicious use of this plant has been known to cause devastating side effects, including cardiac arrhythmias.
CASE PRESENTATION
Here, the authors present an 80-year-old male with incessant ventricular tachycardia after ingestion of this herb. The sinus rhythm was restored after electrical cardioversion and aggressive intravenous antiarrhythmics.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
To the best knowledge of the authors, no case of a ventricular storm following ingestion of has been reported till now, probably rendering this case the first one.
CONCLUSION
This report aims to present the rare case using theoretical concepts from the discipline and to share our approach in the hope of achieving a better understanding of similar cases.
PubMed: 38694277
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001892 -
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be severe leading to death. Natural compounds from...
BACKGROUND
Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be severe leading to death. Natural compounds from marine algae namely flavonoids may play a role in the remedy of this condition.
AIM
This research aims to assess the potency of flavonoids extracted from and as antibacterial agents.
METHODS
was collected from Western Libyan Coast and was collected from Farwa Island. The antimicrobial activity and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of algal flavonoid-containing extracts was performed against some positive and negative Gram bacteria.
RESULTS
Crude extract containing flavonoids from was more effective than extract against with antimicrobial essay (25-28 + 1 and 14.5-37.5 + 0.5-1.5), MIC (50 and 50-250 µg/ml), MBC (75 and 75-250 µg/ml). In the antimicrobial assay (19-24.5 + 0.5-1.5: 24 + 1), MIC (50-250 + 100 µg/ml), and MBC (250 and 125 µg/ml). On the other hand, flavonoids containing extract from were more effective than against Enterohemorrhagic O157 EHEC O157 (25-28 + 1: 14-18.5 + 0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250:100-500 µg/ml), and MBC (150-250 and 250-500 µg/ml). qualitatively combat by flavonoid from (13.5-14 + 0.5-1: 10.5-13.5 + 0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250: 250 µg/ml), and MBC (100-250: 250 µg/ml). Flavonoids from (4 strains: 2 strains) were effective against Crude flavonoids from both algae were not effective against
CONCLUSION
Data from this study could conclude that flavonoid extracts from could be used against foodborne bacterial agents.
Topics: Flavonoids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Caulerpa; Ulva; Plant Extracts; Foodborne Diseases; Animals
PubMed: 38682138
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.3 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The utilization of fauna and fauna-based byproducts in ethnomedicinal usages has been a longstanding human activity, practiced across various cultures worldwide. This...
INTRODUCTION
The utilization of fauna and fauna-based byproducts in ethnomedicinal usages has been a longstanding human activity, practiced across various cultures worldwide. This study focuses on investigating the utilization of animal-based traditional medicine by the people of Pakistan, specifically in the Gujranwala area.
METHODS
Data collection took place from January to September 2019 through interviews with local communities. Ethnomedicinal applications of animal products were analyzed using several indices, including Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Relative Popularity Level (RPL), Folk Use Value (FL), and Relative Occurrence Percentage (ROP).
RESULTS
The study identified the use of different body parts of 54 species of animals in treating various diseases and health issues. These include but are not limited to skin infections, sexual problems, pain management (e.g., in the backbone and joints), eyesight issues, immunity enhancement, cold, weakness, burns, smallpox, wounds, poisoning, muscular pain, arthritis, diabetes, fever, epilepsy, allergies, asthma, herpes, ear pain, paralysis, cough, swelling, cancer, bronchitis, girls' maturity, and stomach-related problems. Certain species of fauna were noted by informers with high "frequency of citation" (FC), ranging from 1 to 77. For instance, the black cobra was the most frequently cited animal for eyesight issues (FC = 77), followed by the domestic rabbit for burn treatment (FC = 67), and the Indus Valley spiny-tailed ground lizard for sexual problems (FC = 66). Passer domesticus and were noted to have the highest ROP value of 99.
DISCUSSION
The findings of this study provide valuable preliminary insights for the conservation of fauna in the Gujranwala region of Punjab, Pakistan. Additionally, screening these animals for medicinally active compounds could potentially lead to the development of novel animal-based medications, contributing to both traditional medicine preservation and modern pharmaceutical advancements.
PubMed: 38681848
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1351693 -
Bioresources and Bioprocessing Nov 2023Fermentation is thought to be born in the Fertile Crescent, and since then, almost every culture has integrated fermented foods into their dietary habits. Originally... (Review)
Review
Fermentation is thought to be born in the Fertile Crescent, and since then, almost every culture has integrated fermented foods into their dietary habits. Originally used to preserve foods, fermentation is now applied to improve their physicochemical, sensory, nutritional, and safety attributes. Fermented dairy, alcoholic beverages like wine and beer, fermented vegetables, fruits, and meats are all highly valuable due to their increased storage stability, reduced risk of food poisoning, and enhanced flavor. Over the years, scientific research has associated the consumption of fermented products with improved health status. The fermentation process helps to break down compounds into more easily digestible forms. It also helps to reduce the amount of toxins and pathogens in food. Additionally, fermented foods contain probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria that help the body to digest food and absorb nutrients. In today's world, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and allergies have increased. In this regard, scientific investigations have demonstrated that shifting to a diet that contains fermented foods can reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, in the last decade, there has been a growing interest in fermentation technology to valorize food waste into valuable by-products. Fermentation of various food wastes has resulted in the successful production of valuable by-products, including enzymes, pigments, and biofuels.
PubMed: 38647968
DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00702-y