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Microbiology Resource Announcements Jul 2022Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain zfcc0051, an isolate derived from zebrafish (Danio rerio) feces. The genome consists of 115...
Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain zfcc0051, an isolate derived from zebrafish (Danio rerio) feces. The genome consists of 115 contigs (>500 bp) and has a total assembly length of 4,041,537 bases.
PubMed: 35639031
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00074-22 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Varying dietary inclusion levels of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) were applied in a feeding experiment with juvenile largemouth bass () to assess their effects on...
Varying dietary inclusion levels of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) were applied in a feeding experiment with juvenile largemouth bass () to assess their effects on growth, intestinal antioxidant status, immunity, and microflora. FPH were added in 4 dietary levels: 0 g/kg (control group, FPH-0), 10 g/kg (FPH-10), 30 g/kg (FPH-30), and 50 g/kg (FPH-50) dry matter, respectively substituting 0, 5.3, 16.3, and 27.3% of fish meal with dietary fish meal. Quadruplicate groups of 25 juvenile largemouth bass with initial body weight 9.51 ± 0.03 g were fed during the 56-day feeding experiment. Experimental results showed that fish fed FPH-30 obtained a significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and significant feed conversion rate (FCR) compared to the other three groups ( < 0.05). FPH-30 group also promoted protein synthesis and deposition, as evidenced by the higher whole-body crude protein contents, the higher expressions of GH1, IGF-1, TOR, and S6K in the liver, and SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC38A2, and SLC15A2 in the intestine than the other three groups. FPH-30 group could also enhance intestinal health status by increasing the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, GSH-Px, and T-AOC activities by upregulating the expressions of SOD, GSH-Px, IL1β, and TNFβ, and by reducing the MDA contents and the expressions of IL15, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and Caspase 10 than other groups. Compared to the control group, the abundance markedly decreased in FPH treatments, while the variation tendency of the phylum was opposite. The peak value of ratio and the lowest of abundance were seen in largemouth bass fed FPH-30 ( < 0.05). Fish in three FPH treatments had lower abundances of opportunistic pathogens and than fish in the control group. In conclusion, FPH is a nutritious feed ingredient for juvenile largemouth bass, and can be added to a dietary level of 30 g/kg dry matter replacing fish meal without any negative effect on growth and feed utilization. FPH supplements could also strengthen the intestinal immune mechanisms of largemouth bass to tackle the immunodeficiency produced by fish meal replacement.
PubMed: 35634365
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.816341 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Mar 2022The gut microbiome is associated with the response to immunotherapy in a variety of advanced cancers. However, the influence of the gut microbiome on locally advanced...
Crosstalk between the gut microbiome and clinical response in locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during neoadjuvant camrelizumab and chemotherapy.
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiome is associated with the response to immunotherapy in a variety of advanced cancers. However, the influence of the gut microbiome on locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) during programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody immunotherapy plus chemotherapy is not clearly demonstrated. To explore the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and clinical response in locally advanced thoracic ESCC during neoadjuvant camrelizumab and chemotherapy.
METHODS
Patients who were diagnosed with locally advanced thoracic ESCC and had not received treatment were enrolled. The treatment regimen was two cycles of camrelizumab combined with carboplatin and albumin paclitaxel before surgery. The research endpoints were pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR). Fecal samples were collected at three time points: before neoadjuvant therapy, after two cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, and after surgery. We performed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) V3-V4 sequencing of the gene amplicons of fecal samples, as well as bacterial diversity and differential abundance analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 46 patients were recruited, and 44, 42, and 35 fecal samples were collected at the three time points, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-level alpha diversity indices, including Chao1, Shannon, and Good's coverage, between the three time points. The non-pCR-enriched gut microbiota included Proteobacteria, Dialister, Aeromonadales, Pseudomonadales, Thermi, Deinococci, Moraxellaceae, Rhodocyclales, Rhodocyclaceae, and Acinetobacter. The non-MPR-enriched gut microbiota included Pseudomonadales and the mitochondria family. The MPR-enriched gut microbiota included the Barnesiellaceae, Pyramidobacter, Dethiosulfovibrionaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Butyricimonas, Prevotella, Barnesiella, and Odoribacter. Patients with ≥3 grade adverse events (AEs) exhibited enrichment in the Succiniclasticum, Nakamurella, Rhizobium, Granulicella, Phyllobacteriaceae, Pelagibacteraceae, Actinosynnemataceae, Aquirestis, Flavisolibacter, Chelativorans, Coxiellaceae Acidicapsa, Acidobacteriaceae, Lentzea, Staphylococcus, Plesiomonas, Dysgonomonas, Pseudonocardia, and Ellin6075.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that the diversity of the gut microbiome declined after neoadjuvant PD-1 antibody immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and surgery. Patients with pCR had different types and proportions of gut microbiota before treatment compared to those without pCR. We also observed the difference between patients with or without ≥ grade 3 AEs. The taxonomic features of the gut microbiome are potential biomarkers that could predict the pathological response and AEs.
PubMed: 35433940
DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1165 -
BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2022Bacterial infections are responsible of high economic losses in aquaculture. Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) is a threatened native trout species that...
Bacterial and parasite co-infection in Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) by Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator.
BACKGROUND
Bacterial infections are responsible of high economic losses in aquaculture. Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) is a threatened native trout species that has been introduced in aquaculture both for species conservation and breeding for production and for which no studies of bacterial infections have been reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
Fish from juvenile stages of Mexican golden trout showed an infectious outbreak in a farm in co-culture with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), showing external puntiform red lesions around the mouth and caudal pedunculus resembling furuncles by Aeromonas spp. and causing an accumulated mortality of 91%. Isolation and molecular identification of bacteria from lesions and internal organs showed the presence of Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator isolated from a single individual. All bacterial isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefazoline. P. shigelloides was resistant to third generation β-lactamics.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of coinfection by Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator in an individual of Mexican golden trout in co-culture with rainbow trout. Resistance to β-lactams suggests the acquisition of genetic determinants from water contamination by human- or livestock-associated activities.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Coinfection; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Necator; Oncorhynchus; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Parasites; Plesiomonas
PubMed: 35414073
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03208-5 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Heat is a common source of stress in aquatic environments and can alter the physiological and metabolic functions of aquatic animals, especially their intestinal...
Heat is a common source of stress in aquatic environments and can alter the physiological and metabolic functions of aquatic animals, especially their intestinal function. Here, the effects of heat stress on the structure and function of the intestine and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota were studied in sturgeon ( ♀ × ♂ hybrid F1). Sturgeons were exposed to sub-extreme (24°C) and extreme (28°C) high water temperatures for 12 days. The heat stress caused systemic damage to the intestine of sturgeons, which displayed severe enteritis in the valve intestine. The microbial diversity analysis showed that heat stress led to the disorder in intestinal microbiota, manifesting as an explosive increase in the abundance of thermophilic intestinal pathogens such as , , and and causing physiological dysfunction in the sturgeons. The disorder was followed by significant inhibition of intestinal digestion with reduced chymotrypsin, α-amylase, and lipase activities in the valve intestine and of antioxidant function with reduced peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Simultaneously, heat stress reduced the thermal tolerance of sturgeons by reducing expression and damaged the valve intestine's repair ability with increased β expression. The results confirmed that heat stress damaged the sturgeon intestines obviously and disturbed the intestinal microbiota, resulting in serious physiological dysfunction. The present study investigated the mechanism of the effect of heat stress on the sturgeon intestine and will help develop strategies to improve the resistance to thermal stress for wild and cultured sturgeons.
PubMed: 35356512
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.755369 -
BMC Genomics Mar 2022The ability of animals and their microbiomes to adapt to starvation and then restore homeostasis after refeeding is fundamental to their continued survival and...
BACKGROUND
The ability of animals and their microbiomes to adapt to starvation and then restore homeostasis after refeeding is fundamental to their continued survival and symbiosis. The intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption and microbiome interaction, however our understanding of intestinal adaptations to starvation and refeeding remains limited. Here we used RNA sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to uncover changes in the intestinal transcriptome and microbiome of zebrafish subjected to long-term starvation and refeeding compared to continuously fed controls.
RESULTS
Starvation over 21 days led to increased diversity and altered composition in the intestinal microbiome compared to fed controls, including relative increases in Vibrio and reductions in Plesiomonas bacteria. Starvation also led to significant alterations in host gene expression in the intestine, with distinct pathways affected at early and late stages of starvation. This included increases in the expression of ribosome biogenesis genes early in starvation, followed by decreased expression of genes involved in antiviral immunity and lipid transport at later stages. These effects of starvation on the host transcriptome and microbiome were almost completely restored within 3 days after refeeding. Comparison with published datasets identified host genes responsive to starvation as well as high-fat feeding or microbiome colonization, and predicted host transcription factors that may be involved in starvation response.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term starvation induces progressive changes in microbiome composition and host gene expression in the zebrafish intestine, and these changes are rapidly reversed after refeeding. Our identification of bacterial taxa, host genes and host pathways involved in this response provides a framework for future investigation of the physiological and ecological mechanisms underlying intestinal adaptations to food restriction.
Topics: Animals; Intestines; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Transcriptome; Zebrafish
PubMed: 35317738
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08447-2 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2022We report the draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain PI-19, which was isolated from the intestine of freshwater pufferfish. The genome of strain PI-19...
We report the draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain PI-19, which was isolated from the intestine of freshwater pufferfish. The genome of strain PI-19 contain 3,146 protein-coding sequences and harbors virulence genes associated with pathogenicity.
PubMed: 35234506
DOI: 10.1128/mra.01252-21 -
ACS Omega Jan 2022A newer ciprofloxacin series containing 1,2,3-triazole conjugates of ciprofloxacin was designed, synthesized, and well characterized using modern analytical techniques...
A newer ciprofloxacin series containing 1,2,3-triazole conjugates of ciprofloxacin was designed, synthesized, and well characterized using modern analytical techniques by reacting diversified anilines with ciprofloxacin obtained from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. The newer conjugates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various strains, viz. (ATCC25923), (clinical isolate), (ATCC3594), (ATCC25922), (ATCC27853), (clinical isolate), (clinical isolate), (ATCC19606), (ATCC7966), (ATCC14029), and (MTCC6362) . Interestingly, some of the conjugates showed superior antimicrobial activity as compared to the control drug ciprofloxacin. The three compounds , , and showed strong activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.78 μM, while the compound showed MIC 1.56 μM against (clinical). The compound showed good efficacy against (ATCC25923) and (clinical) with MIC 3.12 μM, while the compound exhibited efficacy with MIC 3.12 μM against (ATCC25923) and the control drug ciprofloxacin showed MIC 6.25 μM. Among all of the synthesized compounds, , , , , , , , and displayed less than 20% hemolysis, while the rest of the compounds showed hemolysis in the range of 21-48%. Moreover, the structure of compound was also established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
PubMed: 35097270
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05303 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Jul 2022The genus Plesiomonas, represented by a single species, Plesiomonas shigelloides, is a gram-negative bacillus associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal...
The genus Plesiomonas, represented by a single species, Plesiomonas shigelloides, is a gram-negative bacillus associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases in humans. In this study, 44 clinical isolates (gastrointestinal, n = 41; extraintestinal, n = 3) were genetically confirmed to be P. shigelloides using the hug gene. All 20 virulence genes were detected in the gastrointestinal isolates, ranging from 7.7% to 100%; however, only 12 genes were detected in the extra-gastrointestinal isolates, ranging from 33.3% to 100%. The phlA gene was significantly associated with the gastrointestinal isolates (P = 0.0216). The results of this study suggest that phlA may play a role in gastrointestinal infections. However, pilF, tolC, and fur were detected in both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal clinical isolates, and further investigations are warranted to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of P. shigelloides.
Topics: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Plesiomonas; Virulence
PubMed: 35095023
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2021.477 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Jan 2022The detection of epidemic-prone pathogens is important in strengthening global health security. Effective public health laboratories are critical for reliable, accurate,...
Surveillance and laboratory collaboration in response to an outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Aeromonas hydrophila in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana: a case series.
BACKGROUND
The detection of epidemic-prone pathogens is important in strengthening global health security. Effective public health laboratories are critical for reliable, accurate, and timely testing results in outbreak situations. Ghana received funding as one of the high-risk non-Ebola affected countries to build and strengthen public health infrastructure to meet International Health Regulation core capacities. A key objective was to build laboratory capacities to detect epidemic-prone diseases.
CASE PRESENTATION
In June 2018, a local hospital received eight patients who presented with acute diarrhea. A sample referral system for Ghana has not been established, but the Sekondi Zonal Public Health Laboratory staff and mentors collaborated with Disease Surveillance Officers (DSOs) to collect, package, and transport stool specimens from the outbreak hospital to the Public Health Laboratory for laboratory testing. The patients included seven females and one male, of Fante ethnicity from the Fijai township of Sekondi-Takoradi Municipality. The median age of the patients was 20 years (interquartile range: 20-29 years). Vibrio parahaemolyticus was identified within 48 hours from four patients, Plesiomonas shigelloides from one patient, and Aeromonas hydrophila from another patient. There was no bacteria growth from the samples from the two other patients. All patients were successfully treated and discharged.
CONCLUSION
This is the first time these isolates have been identified at the Sekondi Zonal Public Health Laboratory, demonstrating how rapid response, specimen transportation, laboratory resourcing, and public health coordination are important in building capacity towards achieving health security. This capacity building was part of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention engagement of international and local partners to support public health laboratories with supplies, diagnostic equipment, reagents, and logistics.
Topics: Adult; Aeromonas; Aeromonas hydrophila; Disease Outbreaks; Ghana; Humans; Laboratories; Male; Plesiomonas; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Young Adult
PubMed: 35086562
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03243-0