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Heliyon May 2024Abnormalities in pulmonary vasculature or technical issues during lung procurement can lead to an insufficient left atrial (LA) cuff in donors. However, surgeons...
Abnormalities in pulmonary vasculature or technical issues during lung procurement can lead to an insufficient left atrial (LA) cuff in donors. However, surgeons frequently need to reconfigure these less-than-ideal lungs for transplantation. This case report introduces a novel technique for such reconstruction. The patient was a 35-year-old male diagnosed with pneumoconiosis for over a year. Due to progressive worsening dyspnoea leading to respiratory failure on multiple occasions, he was deemed a candidate for lung transplantation. While obtaining the donor's lung, an inadvertent short cut of the LA cuff around the left inferior pulmonary vein orifice resulted in the residual vein retracting into the pulmonary hilum. To overcome this, we employed the aortic arch for reconstruction, enabling the successful completion of the lung transplantation. On post-transplantation day 2, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was no longer required. Mechanical ventilation ceased after 13 days, with the subsequent removal of a tracheostomy. The patient spent 35 days in the intensive care unit and 58 days in the hospital. Post-transplantation complications included primary graft dysfunction, acute kidney failure, pneumothorax in the transplanted lung, the clots in the inferior vena cava, and pneumonia. Remarkably, over a year of follow-up (19 months after lung transplantation), the patient reported no adverse events and had successfully returned to work. In this case, the aortic arch is an alternative for reconstructing an insufficient LA cuff.
PubMed: 38694087
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29805 -
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi =... Apr 2024Pneumoconiosis ranks first among the newly-emerged occupational diseases reported annually in China, and imaging diagnosis is still one of the main clinical diagnostic... (Review)
Review
Pneumoconiosis ranks first among the newly-emerged occupational diseases reported annually in China, and imaging diagnosis is still one of the main clinical diagnostic methods. However, manual reading of films requires high level of doctors, and it is difficult to discriminate the staged diagnosis of pneumoconiosis imaging, and due to the influence of uneven distribution of medical resources and other factors, it is easy to lead to misdiagnosis and omission of diagnosis in primary healthcare institutions. Computer-aided diagnosis system can realize rapid screening of pneumoconiosis in order to assist clinicians in identification and diagnosis, and improve diagnostic efficacy. As an important branch of deep learning, convolutional neural network (CNN) is good at dealing with various visual tasks such as image segmentation, image classification, target detection and so on because of its characteristics of local association and weight sharing, and has been widely used in the field of computer-aided diagnosis of pneumoconiosis in recent years. This paper was categorized into three parts according to the main applications of CNNs (VGG, U-Net, ResNet, DenseNet, CheXNet, Inception-V3, and ShuffleNet) in the imaging diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, including CNNs in pneumoconiosis screening diagnosis, CNNs in staging diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, and CNNs in segmentation of pneumoconiosis foci to conduct a literature review. It aims to summarize the methods, advantages and disadvantages, and optimization ideas of CNN applied to the images of pneumoconiosis, and to provide a reference for the research direction of further development of computer-aided diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.
Topics: Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Pneumoconiosis; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Deep Learning; Occupational Diseases; China; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 38686425
DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202309079 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024We reported a 51-year-old male electric welder with stage I pneumoconiosis, who had no significant cough, sputum, fever, chest pain, or other discomfort. However,...
We reported a 51-year-old male electric welder with stage I pneumoconiosis, who had no significant cough, sputum, fever, chest pain, or other discomfort. However, regular physical examination at our hospital revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules with cavity formation. Blood routine, liver or kidney function, and infection-related biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), were normal. Sputum and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears, BALF (TB) PCR, and T-SPOT.TB were negative. The nucleic acid sequence of was detected by BALF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which was confirmed by the subsequent positive culture for NTM. Considering stable conditions, no significant discomfort, and no significant changes in the lung lesion, the patient was diagnosed with inactive nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD).
PubMed: 38645890
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S448805 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP Jun 2024Inhalation of crystalline silica dust induces incurable lung damage, silicosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanisms of the lung injury remain poorly...
Inhalation of crystalline silica dust induces incurable lung damage, silicosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanisms of the lung injury remain poorly understood, with limited therapeutic options aside from lung transplantation. Posttranslational modifications can regulate the function of proteins and play an important role in studying disease mechanisms. To investigate changes in posttranslational modifications of proteins in silicosis, combined quantitative proteome, acetylome, and succinylome analyses were performed with lung tissues from silica-injured and healthy mice using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combined analysis was applied to the three omics datasets to construct a protein landscape. The acetylation and succinylation of the key transcription factor STAT1 were found to play important roles in the silica-induced pathophysiological changes. Modulating the acetylation level of STAT1 with geranylgeranylacetone effectively inhibited the progression of silicosis. This report revealed a comprehensive landscape of posttranslational modifications in silica-injured mouse and presented a novel therapeutic strategy targeting the posttranslational level for silica-induced lung diseases.
Topics: Animals; Silicosis; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; STAT1 Transcription Factor; Proteome; Lysine; Acetylation; Mice; Silicon Dioxide; Lung; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Proteomics; Male; Succinic Acid
PubMed: 38641226
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100770 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Apr 2024Silicosis people are at high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Whether silica exposure increases the likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was not...
OBJECTIVES
Silicosis people are at high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Whether silica exposure increases the likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was not well understood, and potential factors involved in LTBI risk among silicosis people were not evaluated before. Thus, LTBI among silicosis people and potential risk factors for LTBI among silicosis people were evaluated in this study.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was undertaken for 130 miner workers with silicosis. The QFT-GIT was performed for LTBI detection.
RESULTS
The LTBI was high to 31.6% (36/114) for silicosis participants, and 13.1% (13/99) had a history of tuberculosis. Drinking was associated with LTBI risk (OR = 6.92, 95%CI, 1.47-32.66, P = 0.015). Meanwhile, tunneling work was associated with an increased risk of LTBI compared with other mining occupations (OR = 3.91,95%CI,1.20-12.70, P = 0.024).
CONCLUSIONS
The LTBI rate of silicosis participants was high and more than 10% had a history of tuberculosis. Drinking alcohol and tunneling were independent risk factors for LTBI in silicosis participants.
Topics: Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tuberculosis; Risk Factors; China; Silicosis; Interferon-gamma Release Tests; Tuberculin Test
PubMed: 38622607
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02985-z -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024To investigate the causal relationships between pneumoconiosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and gout.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the causal relationships between pneumoconiosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and gout.
METHODS
The random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was utilized to explore the causal effects of the instrumental variables (IVs). Sensitivity analyses using the MR-Egger and weighted median (WM) methods were did to investigate horizontal pleiotropy. A leave-one-out analysis was used to avoid the bias resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
RESULTS
There was no causal association between pneumoconiosis and SLE, RA or gout in the European population [OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.94-1.10, = 0.74; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.999-1.000, = 0.50; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, = 0.55]. Causal relationships were also not found in pneumoconiosis due to asbestos and other mineral fibers and SLE, RA and gout [OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.96-1.07, = 0.66; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, = 0.68; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, = 0.20].
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that pneumoconiosis may have no causal relationship with the three inflammatory immune diseases.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Pneumoconiosis; Gout; Immune System Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 38601492
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1373044 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining our health. Fluctuations in the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota have been implicated in the... (Review)
Review
The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining our health. Fluctuations in the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic and inflammatory conditions. Dietary patterns, medication, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity can all influence the abundance of different types of microbiota in the gut, which in turn can affect the health of individuals. Intestinal phages are an essential component of the gut microbiome, but most studies predominantly focus on the structure and dynamics of gut bacteria while neglecting the role of phages in shaping the gut microbiome. As bacteria-killing viruses, the distribution of bacteriophages in the intestine, their role in influencing the intestinal microbiota, and their mechanisms of action remain elusive. Herein, we present an overview of the current knowledge of gut phages, their lifestyles, identification, and potential impact on the gut microbiota.
PubMed: 38585689
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379382 -
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... Mar 2024
Topics: Logistic Models; Cadmium; Lead; Decision Trees; Kidney
PubMed: 38582998
DOI: 10.3967/bes2024.037 -
Scandinavian Journal of Work,... Jul 2024The association between asbestos exposure and asbestosis in high-exposed industrial cohorts is well-known, but there is a lack of knowledge about the exposure-response...
OBJECTIVES
The association between asbestos exposure and asbestosis in high-exposed industrial cohorts is well-known, but there is a lack of knowledge about the exposure-response relationship for asbestosis in a general working population setting. We examined the exposure-response relationship between occupational asbestos exposure and asbestosis in asbestos-exposed workers of the Danish general working population.
METHODS
We followed all asbestos-exposed workers from 1979 to 2015 and identified incident cases of asbestosis using the Danish National Patient Register. Individual asbestos exposure was estimated with a quantitative job exposure matrix (SYN-JEM) from 1976 onwards and back-extrapolated to age 16 for those exposed in 1976. Exposure-response relations for cumulative exposure and other exposure metrics were analyzed using a discrete time hazard model and adjusted for potential confounders.
RESULTS
The range of cumulative exposure in the population was 0.001 to 18 fibers per milliliter-year (f/ml-year). We found increasing incidence rate ratios (IRR) of asbestosis with increasing cumulative asbestos exposure with a fully adjusted IRR per 1 f/ml-years of 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15- -1.22]. The IRR was 1.94 (95% CI 1.53-2.47) in the highest compared to the lowest exposure tertile. We similarly observed increasing risk with increasing cumulative exposure in the inception population.
CONCLUSIONS
This study found exposure-response relations between cumulative asbestos exposure and incident asbestosis in the Danish general working population with mainly low-level exposed occupations, but there is some uncertainty regarding the exposure levels.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Exposure; Asbestosis; Asbestos; Denmark; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Cohort Studies; Adult; Aged; Incidence
PubMed: 38577971
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4153