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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024To analyze the influencing factors for progression from newly diagnosed prediabetes (PreDM) to diabetes within 3 years and establish a prediction model to assess the...
INTRODUCTION
To analyze the influencing factors for progression from newly diagnosed prediabetes (PreDM) to diabetes within 3 years and establish a prediction model to assess the 3-year risk of developing diabetes in patients with PreDM.
METHODS
Subjects who were diagnosed with new-onset PreDM at the Physical Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from October 1, 2015 to May 31, 2023 and completed the 3-year follow-up were selected as the study population. Data on gender, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, etc. were collected. After 3 years of follow-up, subjects were divided into a diabetes group and a non-diabetes group. Baseline data between the two groups were compared. A prediction model based on logistic regression was established with nomogram drawn. The calibration was also depicted.
RESULTS
Comparison between diabetes group and non-diabetes group: Differences in 24 indicators including gender, age, history of hypertension, fatty liver, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, etc. were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.05). Differences in smoking, creatinine and platelet count were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ageing, elevated BMI, male gender, high fasting blood glucose, increased LDL-C, fatty liver, liver dysfunction were risk factors for progression from PreDM to diabetes within 3 years (P<0.05), while HDL-C was a protective factor (P<0.05). The derived formula was: In(p/1-p)=0.181×age (40-54 years old)/0.973×age (55-74 years old)/1.868×age (≥75 years old)-0.192×gender (male)+0.151×blood glucose-0.538×BMI (24-28)-0.538×BMI (≥28)-0.109×HDL-C+0.021×LDL-C+0.365×fatty liver (yes)+0.444×liver dysfunction (yes)-10.038. The AUC of the model for predicting progression from PreDM to diabetes within 3 years was 0.787, indicating good predictive ability of the model.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk prediction model for developing diabetes within 3 years in patients with PreDM constructed based on 8 influencing factors including age, BMI, gender, fasting blood glucose, LDL-C, HDL-C, fatty liver and liver dysfunction showed good discrimination and calibration.
Topics: Humans; Prediabetic State; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Adult; Disease Progression; Follow-Up Studies; Risk Assessment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Body Mass Index; Blood Glucose; Aged; Waist Circumference; Prognosis; China
PubMed: 38938520
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1410502 -
JACC. Advances Dec 2023
PubMed: 38938480
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100712 -
JACC. Advances Oct 2023There is emerging evidence that malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
BACKGROUND
There is emerging evidence that malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
OBJECTIVES
This study seeks to elucidate the prognostic impact of malnutrition in patients with ACS and provide a quantitative review of most commonly used nutritional assessment tools.
METHODS
Medline and Embase were searched for studies reporting outcomes in patients with malnutrition and ACS. Nutritional screening tools of interest included the Prognostic Nutrition Index, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status. A comparative meta-analysis was used to estimate the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events based on the presence of malnutrition and stratified according to ACS type, ACS intervention, ethnicity, and income.
RESULTS
Thirty studies comprising 37,303 patients with ACS were included, of whom 33.5% had malnutrition. In the population with malnutrition, the pooled mortality rate was 20.59% (95% CI: 14.95%-27.67%). Malnutrition was significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk after adjusting for confounders including age and left ventricular ejection fraction (adjusted HR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.78-3.96, = 0.004). There was excess mortality in the group with malnutrition regardless of ACS type ( = 0.132), ethnicity ( = 0.245), and income status ( = 0.058). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in mortality risk between individuals with and without malnutrition ( = 0.499) when using Controlling Nutritional Status (OR: 7.80, 95% CI: 2.17-28.07, = 0.011), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (OR: 4.30, 95% CI: 2.78-6.66, < 0.001), and Prognostic Nutrition Index (OR: 4.67, 95% CI: 2.38-9.17, = 0.023).
CONCLUSIONS
Malnutrition was significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk following ACS, regardless of ACS type, ethnicity, and income status, underscoring the importance of screening and interventional strategies for patients with malnutrition.
PubMed: 38938362
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100635 -
Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Jun 2024A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression,...
OBJECTIVES
A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are prevalent. Identifying causes and associated risk factors is imperative for early intervention and the prevention of mental health issues.
METHODS
This study utilized data from the 2018 Basic Health Research, which was conducted nationwide in Indonesia, using a cross-sectional approach. We focused on women aged 13-49 years who were currently or previously married, and had experienced pregnancy, including 8,889 pregnant women and 77,012 women who had delivered between January 1, 2013, and August 31, 2018. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was employed to assess CMDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.
RESULTS
The prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women was 12.6%, while postpartum mothers exhibited a prevalence of 10.1%. Poor health status displayed the strongest impact on CMDs during both pregnancy (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 12.23, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 9.06-16.60) and the postpartum period (AOR: 16.72, 95% CI: 14.85-18.82). Additional significant factors for both group include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, hystory of hypertension, and smoking status. Among pregnant women, CMDs was also associated with first-trimester pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, and small upper arm circumference. For postpartum mothers, significant factors include history of abortion, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications and contraceptive use.
CONCLUSIONS
CMDs can impact in pregnant and postpartum women. Early diagnosis and management must be seamlessly integrated into primary healthcare practices.
PubMed: 38938048
DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.24.082 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objective was to investigate growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, immune cell distribution, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile,...
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to investigate growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, immune cell distribution, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile, and microbiota in broiler chickens fed a diet containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ15.
METHODS
A total of 120-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. A control group was fed a corn-soybean meal control diet, and an NSMJ15-supplemented group was fed a control diet supplemented with 1 g/kg L. paracasei NSMJ15 at the expense of cornstarch. Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with 10 birds per cage. Growth performance was recorded on day 9. On day 10, one bird representing median body weight was selected to collect serum for antioxidant enzyme activity, jejunal tissue for immune cell isolation and morphometric analysis, and cecal digesta for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SCFA analysis.
RESULTS
Supplementation of L. paracasei NSMJ15 did not affect growth performance, serum antioxidant enzyme activity, and jejunal histomorphology compared to the control group. In the NSMJ15-supplemented group, the population of CD3+CD4+CD8- T cells increased (p=0.010), while the population of CD3+CD8+TCRγδ+ T cells decreased (p=0.022) compared to the control group. The L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation decreased (p=0.022) acetate concentration in the cecal digesta compared to the control group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that NSMJ15-supplemented group differentially expressed (p<0.05) 10 more amplicon sequence variants compared to control group without affecting alpha and beta diversity indices of the cecal microbiota. Genera Mediterraneibacter and Negativibacillus were positively (p<0.05) correlated with CD4+ T cells, while genera Gemmiger, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Massilimicrobiota, and Blautia were negatively (p<0.05) correlated with SCFA concentration.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study suggest dietary L. paracasei NSMJ15 supplementation may increase percentage of CD4+ T cells and decrease acetate concentration in broiler chickens by increasing the differential expression of specific microbial genera.
PubMed: 38938030
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0162 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The Hu sheep is a renowned breed known for its high reproductive rate. It is in estrus all year round, and its breeding population is gradually expanding. However, the...
OBJECTIVE
The Hu sheep is a renowned breed known for its high reproductive rate. It is in estrus all year round, and its breeding population is gradually expanding. However, the current techniques for cryopreserving semen have limited effectiveness, which hinders the continuous development of this species. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different penetrating cryoprotectants (CPAs) and egg yolk (EY) concentrations on the cryopreservation of Hu ram semen to determine the most effective combination.
METHODS
In this study, the effects of glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), different proportions of GLY and EG, EY on sperm quality after thawing were investigated by detecting sperm total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), wobble movement coefficient (WOB), average motion degree (MAD), functional integrity (plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level.
RESULTS
When GLY and EG were added together, compared to other concentration groups, 6% GLY significantly (p < 0.05) increased TM, PM, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity of thawed sperm. Additionally, it significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the ROS level of sperm. In this study, the TM, PM and membrane integrity of the 6% EG were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control, 1% GLY+5% EG and 6% GLY+6% EG groups. Compared to other concentration groups, 20% EY significantly (p < 0.05) improved the TM, PM, and plasma membrane integrity of thawed sperm. However, the integrity of the acrosome increased with the higher concentration of EY.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the post-thawed Hu ram semen diluted with a diluent containing 6% GLY and 20% EY exhibited higher quality compared to the other groups.
PubMed: 38938029
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0167 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objective of this study was to unravel the genetic traits of Guanling cattle, pinpoint genes advantageous for muscle growth, and lay a foundation for the...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to unravel the genetic traits of Guanling cattle, pinpoint genes advantageous for muscle growth, and lay a foundation for the preservation of genetic diversity and further analysis of regulation mechanism of important economic traits in local cattle breed.
METHODS
In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of 3 Guanling cattle in Guizhou province using the Illumina HiSeq cBo sequencing platform. And, high- multiplex PCR technology was employed to detect high-quality SNP sites of other 55 Guanling cattle.
RESULTS
Our study identified 166,411 non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and 42,423 insertions and deletions (indels). Through SNP annotation, gene function enrichment analysis, and comparing with Simmental, Angus, and Limousin cattle, we identified six genes (LEPR, AKAP9, SIX4, SPIDR, PRG4, FASN) which are potentially influential on meat quality traits, playing crucial roles in muscle growth, fat metabolism, and bodily support. We also examined polymorphisms at seven SNP sites in Guanling cattle and found that all seven were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggested that these gene sites are stable and widespread in the Guanling cattle population. Our research lays the groundwork for future genetic enhancement and variety identification of Guanling cattle.
PubMed: 38938024
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0181 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Jun 2024The COVID-19 pandemic has taken many forms and continues to evolve, now around the Omicron wave, raising concerns over the globe. With COVID-19 being declared no longer... (Review)
Review
New variants of COVID-19 (XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16, the "Arcturus"): A review of highly questioned concerns, a brief comparison between different peaks in the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focused systematic review on expert recommendations for prevention, vaccination, and treatment measures in the general...
INTRODUCTION
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken many forms and continues to evolve, now around the Omicron wave, raising concerns over the globe. With COVID-19 being declared no longer a "public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)," the COVID pandemic is still far from over, as new Omicron subvariants of interest and concern have risen since January of 2023. Mainly with the XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 subvariants, the pandemic is still very much "alive" and "breathing."
METHODS
This review consists of five highly concerning questions about the current state of the COVID Omicron peak. We searched four main online databases to answer the first four questions. For the last one, we performed a systematic review of the literature, with keywords "Omicron," "Guidelines," and "Recommendations."
RESULTS
A total of 31 articles were included. The main symptoms of the current Omicron wave include a characteristically high fever, coughing, conjunctivitis (with itching eyes), sore throat, runny nose, congestion, fatigue, body ache, and headache. The median incubation period of the symptoms is shorter than the previous peaks. Vaccination against COVID can still be considered effective for the new subvariants.
CONCLUSION
Guidelines recommend continuation of personal protective measures, third and fourth dose boosters, along with administration of bivalent messenger RNA vaccine boosters. The consensus antiviral treatment is combination therapy using Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir, and the consensus for pre-exposure prophylaxis is Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab combination. We hope the present paper raises awareness for the continuing presence of COVID and ways to lower the risks, especially for at-risk groups.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Vaccines; Vaccination; Pandemics; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 38938013
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1323 -
Contraception and Reproductive Medicine Jun 2024Unintended pregnancies pose significant health risks, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions of cases are recorded annually, disproportionately affecting...
BACKGROUND
Unintended pregnancies pose significant health risks, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions of cases are recorded annually, disproportionately affecting adolescent women. Utilization of modern contraceptives is crucial in managing fertility and reducing unintended pregnancies, abortions, and associated health complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, distribution and factors associated with modern contraceptives utilization among women aged 15-49 in Uganda.
METHODS
The study used secondary data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). The study sample comprise of 9,235 women aged 15-49 who used any method to prevent pregnancy in the five years preceding 2016 UDHS survey. The outcome variable for this study is utilization of modern contraceptives. Univariate, bivariate, and multilevel binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between individual and contextual factors on the modern contraceptive use among women aged 15-49 in Uganda. Choropleth mapping and network analysis in ArcGIS 10.8.2 was used to visualize spatial distribution of modern contraceptive use and measure community access to health facilities respectively.
RESULTS
The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 53.19% (n = 4,919) in Uganda, with significant spatial variation by district. Higher prevalence (23.18%) was observed among women aged 20-29 compared to adolescents (4.1%). Only 21.9% of married women reported using modern contraceptives. At the individual-level, the factors that positively influenced use of modern contraceptives included: women's marital status, wealth index and level of education while sex of the household head, ever terminated a pregnancy and religion negatively affected the use of modern contraceptives. At community-level, community access to health facilities was found to have negative influence on the use of modern contraceptives among women. In communities where women frequently visited health facilities in the 12 months preceding the survey, the use of modern contraceptives reduced by 3.9%. Accessibility analysis revealed challenges, with women in northeastern districts (rural districts) facing travel times exceeding four hours to reach health facilities.
CONCLUSION
Utilization of modern contraceptives are essential for promoting women's health and well-being, particularly concerning maternal healthcare. This study highlights disparities in modern contraceptive use across age groups and the districts, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Policymakers and stakeholders must prioritize strategies that promote utilization of modern contraceptives and maternal healthcare services to address these disparities effectively. Such efforts are crucial for improving reproductive health outcomes and reducing the burden of unintended pregnancies and related complications in Uganda.
PubMed: 38937845
DOI: 10.1186/s40834-024-00288-6 -
Parasites & Vectors Jun 2024Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been implemented to prevent malaria in Zambia for several decades, but its effectiveness has not been evaluated long term and in Vubwi...
BACKGROUND
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been implemented to prevent malaria in Zambia for several decades, but its effectiveness has not been evaluated long term and in Vubwi District yet. This study aimed to assess the association between IRS and the malaria burden in Zambia and Vubwi District and to explore the factors associated with refusing IRS.
METHODS
A retrospective study was used to analyze the association between IRS and malaria incidence in Zambia in 2001-2020 and in Vubwi District in 2014-2020 by Spearman correlation analysis. A case-control study was used to explore the factors associated with IRS refusals by households in Vubwi District in 2021. A logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with IRS refusals.
RESULTS
The malaria incidence reached its peak (391/1000) in 2001 and dropped to the lowest (154/1000) in 2019. The annual percentage change in 2001-2003, 2003-2008, 2008-2014, 2014-2018 and 2018-2020 was - 6.54%, - 13.24%, 5.04%, - 10.28% and 18.61%, respectively. A significantly negative correlation between the percentage of population protected by the IRS against the total population in Zambia (coverage) and the average malaria incidence in the whole population was observed in 2005-2020 (r = - 0.685, P = 0.003) and 2005-2019 (r = - 0.818, P < 0.001). Among 264 participants (59 in the refuser group and 205 in the acceptor group), participants with specific occupations (self-employed: OR 0.089, 95% CI 0.022-0.364; gold panning: OR 0.113, 95% CI 0.022-0.574; housewives: OR 0.129, 95% CI 0.026-0.628 and farmers: OR 0.135, 95% CI 0.030-0.608 compared to employees) and no malaria case among household members (OR 0.167; 95% CI 0.071-0.394) had a lower risk of refusing IRS implementation, while those with a secondary education level (OR 3.690, 95% CI 1.245-10.989) had a higher risk of refusing IRS implementation compared to those who had never been to school.
CONCLUSIONS
Increasing coverage with IRS was associated with decreasing incidence of malaria in Zambia, though this was not observed in Vubwi District, possibly because of the special geographical location of Vubwi District. Interpersonal communication and targeted health education should be implemented at full scale to ensure household awareness and gain community trust.
Topics: Zambia; Humans; Case-Control Studies; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Incidence; Retrospective Studies; Insecticides; Female; Male; Animals; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent
PubMed: 38937791
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06328-z