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International Journal of Molecular... May 2024A key element for the cost-effective development of cultured meat is a cell line culturable in serum-free conditions to reduce production costs. Heme supplementation in...
A key element for the cost-effective development of cultured meat is a cell line culturable in serum-free conditions to reduce production costs. Heme supplementation in cultured meat mimics the original meat flavor and color. This study introduced a bacterial extract generated from that was selected for high-heme expression by directed evolution. A normal porcine cell line, PK15, was used to apply the bacterial heme extract as a supplement. Consistent with prior research, we observed the cytotoxicity of PK15 to the heme extract at 10 mM or higher. However, after long-term exposure, PK15 adapted to tolerate up to 40 mM of heme. An RNA-seq analysis of these heme-adapted PK15 cells (PK15H) revealed a set of altered genes, mainly involved in cell proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation. We found that cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5) were upregulated in the PK15H heme dose dependently. When we reduced serum serially from 2% to serum free, we derived the PK15H subpopulation that was transiently maintained with 5-10 mM heme extract. Altogether, our study reports a porcine cell culturable in high-heme media that can be maintained in serum-free conditions and proposes a marker gene that plays a critical role in this adaptation process.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Heme; Cell Line; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Cell Proliferation; Meat; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Cell Culture Techniques; In Vitro Meat
PubMed: 38892012
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115824 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) disease, caused by Phytoplasma sacchari, results in the most damage to sugarcane plantations. Some SCWL canes can grow unnoticed through the...
Sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) disease, caused by Phytoplasma sacchari, results in the most damage to sugarcane plantations. Some SCWL canes can grow unnoticed through the maturation phase, subsequently resulting in an overall low sugar yield, or they can be used accidentally as seed canes. In this work, 12-month-old SCWL and asymptomatic canes growing in the same field were investigated. An abundance of phytoplasma in SCWL canes affected growth and sugar content as well as alterations of transcriptomic profiles corresponding to several pathways that responded to the infection. Suppression of photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, coupled with an increase in the expression of chlorophyllase, contributed to the reduction in chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis. Blockage of sucrose transport plausibly occurred due to the expression of sugar transporters in leaves but suppression in stalks, resulting in low sugar content in canes. Increased expression of genes associated with MAPK cascades, plant hormone signaling transduction, callose plug formation, the phenylpropanoid pathway, and calcium cascades positively promoted defense mechanisms against phytoplasma colonization by an accumulation of lignin and calcium in response to plant immunity. Significant downregulation of plausibly results in a reduction in antioxidant enzymes and likely facilitates pathogen invasion, while expression of sesquiterpene biosynthesis possibly attracts the insect vectors for transmission, thereby enabling the spread of phytoplasma. Moreover, downregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis potentially intensifies the symptoms of SCWL upon challenge by phytoplasma. These SCWL sugarcane transcriptomic profiles describe the first comprehensive sugarcane-phytoplasma interaction during the harvesting stage. Understanding molecular mechanisms will allow for sustainable management and the prevention of SCWL disease-a crucial benefit to the sugar industry.
PubMed: 38891358
DOI: 10.3390/plants13111551 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024
PubMed: 38890466
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64862-3 -
ACS Omega Jun 2024Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges that causes incurable diseases and endangers public health. Metal-porphyrin-modified nanoarchitectonics can...
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges that causes incurable diseases and endangers public health. Metal-porphyrin-modified nanoarchitectonics can enhance the bacterial affinity and destruction of cell walls. Herein, a new photoresponsive nanoarchitectonics (BPGa@COF-Cu) was synthesized by doping Ga(III) on the surface of black phosphorus (BP) and subsequently loaded into a Cu(II)-based covalent-organic framework (COF-Cu). The COF-Cu was induced by the coupling reaction of terephthalic chloride with amino-substituted porphyrin derivatives (THPP), followed by the coordination of the Cu(II) ion. The material BPGa@COF-Cu is a nanoball, and the mean radius is ca. 250 nm. The photochemical properties of BPGa@COF-Cu show that it efficiently catalyzes HO into ·OH. BPGa@COF-Cu can also produce both singlet oxygen and heat upon 808 nm irradiation. Further, BPGa@COF-Cu was employed to inhibit bacteria, and the results showed that it can destroy the membrane of . The MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) of BPGa@COF-Cu against was 1 μg/mL. All the data suggest that BPGa@COF-Cu is a multiple nanoarchitectonics for bacterial treatment.
PubMed: 38882152
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00496 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024causes listeriosis, an infectious and potentially fatal disease of animals and humans. A diverse network of transcriptional regulators, including LysR-type catabolite...
causes listeriosis, an infectious and potentially fatal disease of animals and humans. A diverse network of transcriptional regulators, including LysR-type catabolite control protein C (CcpC), is critical for the survival of and its ability to transition into the host environment. In this study, we explored the physiological and genetic consequences of deleting and the effects of such deletion on the ability of to cause disease. We found that deletion did not impact hemolytic activity, whereas it resulted in significant reductions in phospholipase activities. Western blotting revealed that the Δ strain produced significantly reduced levels of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin LLO relative to the wildtype F2365 strain. However, the Δ mutant displayed no significant intracellular growth defect in macrophages. Furthermore, Δ strain exhibited reduction in plaque numbers in fibroblasts compared to F2365, but plaque size was not significantly affected by deletion. In a murine model system, the Δ strain exhibited a significantly reduced bacterial burden in the liver and spleen compared to the wildtype F2365 strain. Interestingly, the deletion of this gene also enhanced the survival of under conditions of HO-induced oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analyses performed under HO-induced oxidative stress conditions revealed that DNA repair, cellular responses to DNA damage and stress, metalloregulatory proteins, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids were significantly induced in the deletion strain relative to F2365. In contrast, genes encoding internalin, 1-phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase, and genes associated with sugar-specific phosphotransferase system components, porphyrin, branched-chain amino acids, and pentose phosphate pathway were significantly downregulated in the deletion strain relative to F2365. This finding highlights CcpC as a key factor that regulates physiology and responses to oxidative stress by controlling the expression of important metabolic pathways.
PubMed: 38881664
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1403694 -
Chemical Science Jun 2024The construction and application of metal-organic cages with accessible internal cavities have witnessed rapid development, however, the precise synthesis of complex...
The construction and application of metal-organic cages with accessible internal cavities have witnessed rapid development, however, the precise synthesis of complex metal-organic capsules with multiple cavities and achievement of multi-guest encapsulation, and further in-depth comprehension of host-multi-guest recognition remain a great challenge. Just like building LEGO blocks, herein, we have constructed a series of high-order layered metal-organic architectures of generation ( = 1/2/3/4 is also the number of cavities) by multi-component coordination-driven self-assembly using porphyrin-containing tetrapodal ligands (like plates), multiple parallel-podal ligands (like clamps) and metal ions (like nodes). Importantly, these high-order assembled structures possessed different numbers of rigid and separate cavities formed by overlapped porphyrin planes with specific gaps. The host-guest experiments and convincing characterization proved that these capsules G2-G4 could serve as host structures to achieve multi-guest recognition and unprecedentedly encapsulate up to four C molecules. More interestingly, these capsules revealed negative cooperation behavior in the process of multi-guest recognition, which provides a new platform to further study complicated host-multi-guest interaction in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
PubMed: 38873050
DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01204f -
Redox Biology Aug 2024Oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are at the genesis of placental disorders observed in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and...
Manganese porphyrin-based treatment improves fetal-placental development and protects against oxidative damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a rat maternal hypothyroidism model.
Oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are at the genesis of placental disorders observed in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and maternal hypothyroidism. In this regard, cationic manganese porphyrins (MnPs) comprise potent redox-active therapeutics of high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, which have not been evaluated in metabolic gestational diseases yet. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of two MnPs, [MnTE-2-PyP] (MnP I) and [MnT(5-Br-3-E-Py)P]5+ (MnP II), in the fetal-placental dysfunction of hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and treatment with MnPs I and II 0.1 mg/kg/day started on the 8th day of gestation (DG). The fetal and placental development, and protein and/or mRNA expression of antioxidant mediators (SOD1, CAT, GPx1), hypoxia (HIF1α), oxidative damage (8-OHdG, MDA), ERS (GRP78 and CHOP), immunological (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, Caspase1, Gasdermin D) and angiogenic (VEGF) were evaluated in the placenta and decidua on the 18th DG using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. ROS and peroxynitrite (PRX) were quantified by fluorometric assay, while enzyme activities of SOD, GST, and catalase were evaluated by colorimetric assay. MnPs I and II increased fetal body mass in hypothyroid rats, and MnP I increased fetal organ mass. MnPs restored the junctional zone morphology in hypothyroid rats and increased placental vascularization. MnPs blocked the increase of OS and ERS mediators caused by hypothyroidism, showing similar levels of expression of HIFα, 8-OHdG, MDA, Gpx1, GRP78, and Chop to the control. Moreover, MnPs I and/or II increased the protein expression of SOD1, Cat, and GPx1 and restored the expression of IL10, Nlrp3, and Caspase1 in the decidua and/or placenta. However, MnPs did not restore the low placental enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and GST caused by hypothyroidism, while increased the decidual and placental protein expression of TNFα. The results show that treatment with MnPs improves the fetal-placental development and the placental inflammatory state of hypothyroid rats and protects against oxidative stress and reticular stress caused by hypothyroidism at the maternal-fetal interface.
Topics: Animals; Pregnancy; Female; Rats; Hypothyroidism; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Oxidative Stress; Inflammasomes; Disease Models, Animal; Placenta; Placentation; Antioxidants; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Fetal Development; Manganese; Metalloporphyrins; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
PubMed: 38870780
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103238 -
Biomedical Optics Express May 2024The therapeutic application of blue light (380 - 500nm) has garnered considerable attention in recent years as it offers a non-invasive approach for the management of...
The therapeutic application of blue light (380 - 500nm) has garnered considerable attention in recent years as it offers a non-invasive approach for the management of prevalent skin conditions including acne vulgaris and atopic dermatitis. These conditions are often characterised by an imbalance in the microbial communities that colonise our skin, termed the skin microbiome. In conditions including acne vulgaris, blue light is thought to address this imbalance through the selective photoexcitation of microbial species expressing wavelength-specific chromophores, differentially affecting skin commensals and thus altering the relative species composition. However, the abundance and diversity of these chromophores across the skin microbiota remains poorly understood. Similarly, devices utilised for studies are often bulky and poorly characterised which if translated to therapy could result in reduced patient compliance. Here, we present a clinically viable micro-LED illumination platform with peak emission 450 nm (17 nm FWHM) and adjustable irradiance output to a maximum 0.55 ± 0.01 W/cm, dependent upon the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles applied to an accompanying flexible light extraction substrate. Utilising spectrometry approaches, we characterised the abundance of prospective blue light chromophores across skin commensal bacteria isolated from healthy volunteers. Of the strains surveyed 62.5% exhibited absorption peaks within the blue light spectrum, evidencing expression of carotenoid pigments (18.8%, 420-483 nm; , spp.), porphyrins (12.5%, 402-413 nm; spp.) and potential flavins (31.2%, 420-425 nm; and spp.). We also present evidence of the capacity of these species to diminish irradiance output when combined with the micro-LED platform and in turn how exposure to low-dose blue light causes shifts in observed absorbance spectra peaks. Collectively these findings highlight a crucial deficit in understanding how microbial chromophores might shape response to blue light and in turn evidence of a micro-LED illumination platform with potential for clinical applications.
PubMed: 38855662
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.522867 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Oct 2024A historical sketch of the MCD (magnetic circular dichroism) spectroscopy is reported in its experimental and theoretical aspects. MCPL (magnetic circularly polarized...
A historical sketch of the MCD (magnetic circular dichroism) spectroscopy is reported in its experimental and theoretical aspects. MCPL (magnetic circularly polarized luminescence) is also considered. The main studies are presented encompassing porphyrinoid systems, aggregates and materials, as well as simple organic molecules useful for the advancement of the interpretation. The MCD of chiral systems is discussed with special attention to new studies of natural products with potential pharmaceutical valence, including Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and related isocarbostyrils. Finally, the vibrational form of MCD, called MVCD, which is recorded in the IR part of the spectrum is also discussed. A final brief note on perspectives is given.
PubMed: 38850611
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124583 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... May 2024Title compound , [Ni(CHNO)], a secochlorin nickel complex, was prepared by diol cleavage of a precursor -di-hydroxy-dimethyl-chlorin. Two crystallographically...
Title compound , [Ni(CHNO)], a secochlorin nickel complex, was prepared by diol cleavage of a precursor -di-hydroxy-dimethyl-chlorin. Two crystallographically independent mol-ecules in the structure are related by pseudo-A lattice centering, with mol-ecules differing mainly by a rotation of one of the acetyls and an adjacent phenyl groups. The two mol-ecules have virtually identical conformations characterized by noticeable in-plane deformation in the A mode and a prominent out-of-plane deformation in the B (ruffling) mode. Directional inter-actions between mol-ecules are scarce, limited to just a few C-H⋯O contacts, and inter-molecular inter-actions are mostly dispersive in nature.
PubMed: 38845721
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989024004717