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Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2024
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Racial Groups; Mpox (monkeypox)
PubMed: 38608867
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.093 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Jun 2024After the eradication of smallpox, there have been no specific public health measures for any Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs). Therefore, it is necessary to countermeasure OPXV...
BACKGROUND
After the eradication of smallpox, there have been no specific public health measures for any Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs). Therefore, it is necessary to countermeasure OPXV infections after Mpox (formerly monkeypox) occurrences, such as the latest global outbreak in 2022-2023. This study aimed to provide crucial insights for the development of effective public health policy making against mpox in populations residing in regions where the virus is not prevalent.
METHODS
This study used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to examine smallpox and mpox antibodies in Koreans with three different age groups. We analyzed 56 sera obtained from a tertiary care hospital in South Korea between September 2022 and April 2023. Plasma levels of antibodies against the viral proteins of smallpox (variola cytokine response-modifying protein B) and MPXV (A29) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
RESULTS
Plasma samples from participants in their early 40 s and older exhibited higher reactivity to viral antigens than those from younger participants. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation in antibody positivity for the two different viruses across the sera.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of low antibody levels in participants ˂40 years may hinder their ability to defend against OPXV. Therefore, it is imperative to implement effective public health measures to mitigate the transmission of OPXV within the community. These findings serve as fundamental information for devising strategies to combat mpox efficiently, particularly in regions where the virus is not prevalent.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Republic of Korea; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Orthopoxvirus; Age Factors; Public Health; Aged; Adolescent; Antibody Formation; Smallpox; Poxviridae Infections; Mpox (monkeypox)
PubMed: 38608456
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.002 -
PloS One 2024Timely case notifications following the introduction of an uncommon pathogen, such as mpox, are critical for understanding disease transmission and for developing and...
Deployment of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during the 2022-23 mpox outbreak in the United States-Opportunities and challenges with case notifications during public health emergencies.
Timely case notifications following the introduction of an uncommon pathogen, such as mpox, are critical for understanding disease transmission and for developing and implementing effective mitigation strategies. When Massachusetts public health officials notified the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about a confirmed orthopoxvirus case on May 17, 2023, which was later confirmed as mpox at CDC, mpox was not a nationally notifiable disease. Because existing processes for new data collections through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System were not well suited for implementation during emergency responses at the time of the mpox outbreak, several interim notification approaches were established to capture case data. These interim approaches were successful in generating daily case counts, monitoring disease transmission, and identifying high-risk populations. However, the approaches also required several data collection approvals by the federal government and the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists, the use of four different case report forms, and the establishment of complex data management and validation processes involving data element mapping and record-level de-duplication steps. We summarize lessons learned from these interim approaches to inform and improve case notifications during future outbreaks. These lessons reinforce CDC's Data Modernization Initiative to work in close collaboration with state, territorial, and local public health departments to strengthen case-based surveillance prior to the next public health emergency.
Topics: United States; Humans; Public Health; Emergencies; Mpox (monkeypox); Disease Outbreaks; Massachusetts; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 38603766
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300175 -
PloS One 2024Emphasizing the crucial significance of maintaining a national nursing workforce well-prepared with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to respond effectively...
BACKGROUND
Emphasizing the crucial significance of maintaining a national nursing workforce well-prepared with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to respond effectively is the growing frequency of natural and environmental disasters, coupled with public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. So, the study aimed to explore pediatric nurses' preparedness to monkeypox outbreak, and their stress during this outbreak in Egypt.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a 416 nurses direct care for children at selected governmental hospitals in Egypt. Demographic form, Questionnaire for Infectious Disease Outbreak Readiness & Preparedness, factors affecting nurses' preparedness, and the generalized anxiety disorders scale-7 were the tools of the study.
RESULTS
(81.5%) of studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of preparedness to monkeypox outbreak. (96.4%) and (95.4%) of them were affected their preparedness by high workload and inconsistent income with the of risk of infection factors. Also, (57.2%) of them had high stress level.
CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed the importance of ensuring adequate supplies of PPE are available and provided, and protocols must be implemented to ensure availability in case of an outbreak. Moreover, nurse staffing levels and workload distribution should be regularly reviewed to create reasonable nurse-patient ratios.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Mpox (monkeypox); Disasters; Disease Outbreaks; Nurses
PubMed: 38603680
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300225 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 2024The worldwide monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in 2022 showed a high frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary...
The worldwide monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in 2022 showed a high frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary data from the Brazilian official mpox surveillance systems. A total of 10,169 mpox cases were identified, with a median age of 32 years. Among them, 92.3% were male at birth and 57.5% were men who have sex with other men (MSM). Approximately 11% were diagnosed with STI, including 5.8% with syphilis and 2.5% with genital herpes. Individuals aged from 25 to 34 years, MSM, individuals with HIV-positive status, and those manifesting skin eruptions or penile edema were associated with STI. Laboratory investigation for mpox must be implemented as a priority in STI clinics (especially for MSM) to mitigate neglected cases, ensure appropriate treatments, and prevent misdiagnoses.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; Disease Outbreaks; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Mpox (monkeypox); Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 38597520
DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946202466020 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Smallpox
PubMed: 38587351
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v95i1.5071 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Smallpox
PubMed: 38587350
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v95i1.5028 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Carp edema virus (CEV) is a fish poxvirus that primarily infects the gills of common carp. CEV causes koi sleepy disease (KSD), which is highly contagious and can result...
INTRODUCTION
Carp edema virus (CEV) is a fish poxvirus that primarily infects the gills of common carp. CEV causes koi sleepy disease (KSD), which is highly contagious and can result in mortality of up to 100%.
METHODS
In the present study, we analyzed the stress and immune responses during KSD in two strains of common carp with different resistance to CEV: susceptible koi and resistant Amur sazan. Experiments were performed at two temperatures: 12°C and 18°C. In the case of koi carp, we also analyzed the effect of supplementation of 0.6% NaCl into tank water, which prevents mortality of the CEV-infected fish (salt rescue model).
RESULTS
We found that CEV-infected koi kept at 18°C had the highest viral load, which correlated with the most severe histopathological changes in the gills. CEV infection resulted in the activation of stress response reflected by the upregulated expression of genes involved in stress response in the stress axis organs and increased levels of cortisol and glucose in the blood plasma. These changes were the most pronounced in CEV-infected koi kept at 18°C. At both temperatures, the activation of antiviral immune response was observed in koi kept under freshwater and NaCl conditions upon CEV infection. Interestingly, a clear downregulation of the expression of adaptive immune genes was observed in CEV-infected koi kept under freshwater at 18°C.
CONCLUSION
CEV induces a stress response and modulates adaptive immune response in koi, and this is correlated with the level of viral load and disease development.
Topics: Animals; Poxviridae Infections; Carps; Sodium Chloride; Fish Diseases; Edema; Immunity
PubMed: 38576605
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350197 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024(MPXV) infection confirmation needs reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays; in addition, viral clade attribution is a key factor in containment measures,...
(MPXV) infection confirmation needs reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays; in addition, viral clade attribution is a key factor in containment measures, considering a more severe syndrome in clade I and the possibility of simultaneous circulation. This study evaluates the performance of all-in-one STANDARD M10 MPX/OPX (SD BIOSENSOR, South Korea - M10). Frozen samples from 205 subjects were selected and stratified according to routine test results (RealStar® Orthopoxvirus PCR Kit 1.0, Altona DIAGNOTICS, Germany - RS; RS-1): in detail, 100 negative skin lesions (SL) and 200 positive samples at the variable stage of infection were analysed. Positive samples were retested with RS (RS-2). Positive and Negative Percent Agreements (PPA, NPA) were calculated. The median (IQR) values of RS and M10 (OPXV target) assays were highly similar. The PPA of M10 compared to RS-1 was 89.5% considering system interpretation, and 96.0% when the operator classified results as positive if any target was detected; NPA was 100%. Comparing the RS-2 run and M10, an overall concordance of 95.3% between assays was found; however, considering operator interpretation, M10 returned more positive results than RS-2. The occurrence of False-Negative results was likely associated with the influence of thawing on low viral concentration; no False-Positive tests were observed. All samples collected at the time of Mpox diagnosis were positive and M10 correctly attributed the clade (West-Africa/II). The M10 MPX/OPX assay demonstrated high reliability in confirming MPXV infection and clade attribution.
Topics: Humans; Monkeypox virus; Mpox (monkeypox); Reproducibility of Results; DNA, Viral; Africa, Western
PubMed: 38572513
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337666 -
Acta Medica Indonesiana Jan 2024Mpox is caused by the Monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family. The Monkeypox virus was first identified as a cause of disease in...
Mpox is caused by the Monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family. The Monkeypox virus was first identified as a cause of disease in humans in the 1970s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mpox was considered endemic in several African countries. A global outbreak of Mpox was first recognized in Europe in May 2022 and was declared a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022. The first reported Mpox case in Indonesia was in October 2022 which was identified as an imported case, there were no new confirmed Mpox cases until 13 October 2023. Since then there were 72 cases of confirmed Mpox cases in Indonesia by the end of 2023, distributed across 6 provinces, mostly in the Java island.We present two different spectrums of Mpox skin lesions in patients living with HIV, with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for Mpox. The first patient is a 48-year-old male, who developed a maculopapular lesion, that was initially noticed on the face, the lesions were then spread to the back and hand. He identifies as men who have sex with men and living with HIV for the past 18 years. There were no lesions on the genitalia or mucosa. The second patient is a 28-year-old male, the initial symptom was fever, followed by skin lesions after around 1 week of fever. The lesion initially appears as pustules on the face and then spreads throughout the whole body, the lesions also grow larger and become pseudo-pustules and ulcers. There were also mucosal involvements in the mouth, making oral intake difficult. This patient also identified as men who have sex with men with multiple partners, HIV status was not known at the initial presentation. HIV screening was done with positive results.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Adult; Homosexuality, Male; Mpox (monkeypox); Sexual and Gender Minorities; Disease Outbreaks; HIV Infections
PubMed: 38561878
DOI: No ID Found