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Journal of Epidemiology and Global... Jun 2024Latina women experience disproportionately higher rates of HPV infection, persistence, and progression to cervical dysplasia and cancer compared to other racial-ethnic...
BACKGROUND
Latina women experience disproportionately higher rates of HPV infection, persistence, and progression to cervical dysplasia and cancer compared to other racial-ethnic groups. This systematic review explores the relationship between the cervicovaginal microbiome and human papillomavirus infection, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer in Latinas.
METHODS
The review abides by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched from January 2000 through November 11, 2022. The review included observational studies reporting on the cervicovaginal microbiota in premenopausal Latina women with human papillomavirus infection, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer.
RESULTS
Twenty-five articles were eligible for final inclusion (N = 131,183). Forty-two unique bacteria were reported in the cervicovaginal microbiome of Latinas. Seven bacteria: Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, Chlamydia trachomatis, Prevotella spp., Prevotella amnii, Fusobacterium spp. and Sneathia spp. were enriched across multiple stages of cervical carcinogenesis in Latinas. Therefore, the total number of reported bacteria includes four bacteria associated with the healthy state, 16 bacteria enriched in human papillomavirus outcomes, 24 unique bacteria associated with abnormal cytology/dysplasia, and five bacteria associated with cervical cancer. Furthermore, three studies reported significantly higher alpha and beta diversity in Latinas with cervical dysplasia and cancer compared to controls. Lactobacillus depletion and an increased abundance of L. iners in Latinas compared to non-Latinas, regardless of human papillomavirus status or lesions, were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
The identification of 42 unique bacteria and their enrichment in cervical carcinogenesis can guide future cervicovaginal microbiome research to better inform cervical cancer prevention strategies in Latinas.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Hispanic or Latino; Vagina; Microbiota; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Carcinogenesis
PubMed: 38407720
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00201-z -
MSphere Mar 2024Sexual transmission of the urogenital microbiota may contribute to adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. The extent of sexual transmission of the urogenital...
Sexual transmission of the urogenital microbiota may contribute to adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. The extent of sexual transmission of the urogenital microbiota is unclear as prior studies largely investigated specific pathogens. We used epidemiologic data and whole metagenome sequencing to characterize urogenital microbiota strain concordance between participants of a sexual network study. Individuals who screened positive for genital were enrolled and referred their sexual contacts from the prior 60-180 days. Snowball recruitment of sexual contacts continued for up to four waves. Vaginal swabs and penile urethral swabs were collected for whole metagenome sequencing. We evaluated bacterial strain concordance using inStrain and network analysis. We defined concordance as ≥99.99% average nucleotide identity over ≥50% shared coverage; we defined putative sexual transmission as concordance between sexual contacts with <5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms per megabase. Of 138 participants, 74 (54%) were female; 120 (87%) had genital chlamydia; and 43 (31%) were recruited contacts. We identified 115 strain-concordance events among 54 participants representing 25 bacterial species. Seven events (6%) were between sexual contacts including putative heterosexual transmission of , , , , and (one strain each), and putative sexual transmission of between female contacts. Most concordance events (108, 94%) were between non-contacts, including eight female participants connected through 18 and 3 concordant strains, and 14 female and 2 male participants densely interconnected through 52 concordance events.IMPORTANCEEpidemiologic evidence consistently indicates bacterial vaginosis (BV) is sexually associated and may be sexually transmitted, though sexual transmission remains subject to debate. This study is not capable of demonstrating BV sexual transmission; however, we do provide strain-level metagenomic evidence that strongly supports heterosexual transmission of BV-associated species. These findings strengthen the evidence base that supports ongoing investigations of concurrent male partner treatment for reducing BV recurrence. Our data suggest that measuring the impact of male partner treatment on , , , , and may provide insight into why a regimen does or does not perform well. We also observed a high degree of strain concordance between non-sexual-contact female participants. We posit that this may reflect limited dispersal capacity of vaginal bacteria coupled with individuals' comembership in regional transmission networks where transmission may occur between parent and child at birth, cohabiting individuals, or sexual contacts.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Child; Humans; Male; Female; Metagenome; Gardnerella vaginalis; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Vagina; Microbiota
PubMed: 38358269
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00030-24 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2022Studies have confirmed that insomnia is related to gut microbiota. Previous research suggests that immunity and metabolism are also associated with insomnia. However, to...
Studies have confirmed that insomnia is related to gut microbiota. Previous research suggests that immunity and metabolism are also associated with insomnia. However, to our knowledge, the integration of these factors has not been investigated in insomnia. Here, we explored the correlations across gut microbiota, serum metabolism, and inflammatory factors in insomnia. Our results showed that the composition and structure of gut microbiota and metabolism in insomnia patients were different from healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, the relative abundances of , Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus crispatus were significantly increased in insomniacs. There were five metabolic pathways in insomniacs (glycerophospholipid metabolism; glutathione metabolism; nitrogen metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis) significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, we found that IL-1β levels were significantly higher in insomnia patients while TNF-α was significantly reduced. We further identified that the changes in the level of IL-1β and TNF-α were associated with some specific bacteria and metabolites, such as Prevotella amnii, Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella timonensis, and Prevotella colorans. Mediation analysis further determined that the immune factors and metabolites could mediate the relationship between gut microbes and insomnia. Our study indicated that systematic inflammation and metabolites might be a pathway linking the gut microbiome with insomnia. These findings provide new insights and a better understanding of gut microbiota's role in insomnia as well as potential novel microbiome-related etiologies for insomnia.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Alanine; Glycerophospholipids; Glutathione; Glutamates; Nitrogen; RNA, Transfer
PubMed: 36190400
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00998-22 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The gut microbiota is associated with reproductive disorders in multiple ways. This research investigated possible differences in gut microbiome compositions between...
The gut microbiota is associated with reproductive disorders in multiple ways. This research investigated possible differences in gut microbiome compositions between patients with uterine fibroids (UFs) and healthy control subjects in order to further provide new insight into its etiology. Stool samples were collected from 85 participants, including 42 UF patients (case group) and 43 control subjects (control group). The gut microbiota was examined with 16S rRNA quantitative arrays and bioinformatics analysis. The α-diversity in patients with UFs was significantly lower than that of healthy controls and negatively correlated with the number of tumorigeneses. The microbial composition of the UF patients deviated from the cluster of healthy controls. Stool samples from patients with UFs exhibited significant alterations in terms of multiple bacterial phyla, such as Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. In differential abundance analysis, some bacteria species were shown to be downregulated (.., , , and ) and upregulated (.., and ). Furthermore, the microbial interactions and networks in UFs exhibited lower connectivity and complexity as well as higher clustering property compared to the controls. Taken together, it is possible that gut microbiota dysbiosis has the potential as a risk factor. This study found that UFs are associated with alterations of the gut microbiome diversity and community network connectivity. It provides a new direction to further explore the host-gut microbiota interplay and to develop management and prevention in UF pathogenesis.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Leiomyoma; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Verrucomicrobia
PubMed: 35646718
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.863594 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021To evaluate the association between the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and early term birth (sETB) among African American women.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and early term birth (sETB) among African American women.
METHODS
Vaginal samples collected in early pregnancy (8-14 weeks' gestation) from 436 women enrolled in the Emory University African American Vaginal, Oral, and Gut Microbiome in Pregnancy Study underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region, taxonomic classification, and community state type (CST) assignment. We compared vaginal CST and abundance of taxa for women whose pregnancy ended in sPTB (N = 44) or sETB (N= 84) to those who delivered full term (N = 231).
RESULTS
Nearly half of the women had a vaginal microbiome classified as CST IV (Diverse CST), while one-third had CST III ( dominated) and just 16% had CST I, II, or V (non-iners dominated). Compared to vaginal CST I, II, or V (non-iners dominated), both CST III ( dominated) and CST IV (Diverse) were associated with sPTB with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 4.1 (1.1, infinity) and 7.7 (2.2, infinity), respectively, in multivariate logistic regression. In contrast, no vaginal CST was associated with sETB. The linear decomposition model (LDM) based on amplicon sequence variant (ASV) relative abundance found a significant overall effect of the vaginal microbiome on sPTB (p=0.034) but not sETB (p=0.320), whereas the LDM based on presence/absence of ASV found no overall effect on sPTB (p=0.328) but a significant effect on sETB (p=0.030). In testing for ASV-specific effects, the LDM found that no ASV was significantly associated with sPTB considering either relative abundance or presence/absence data after controlling for multiple comparisons (FDR 10%), although in marginal analysis the relative abundance of (p=0.011), non-iners (p=0.016), and (p=0.035) and the presence of (p=0.049), BVAB2 (p=0.024), (p=0.011), and (p=0.044) were associated with sPTB. The LDM identified the higher abundance of 7 ASVs and the presence of 13 ASVs, all commonly residents of the gut, as associated with sETB at FDR < 10%.
CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort of African American women, an early pregnancy vaginal CST III or IV was associated with an increased risk of sPTB but not sETB. The relative abundance and presence of distinct taxa within the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome was associated with either sPTB or sETB.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Black or African American; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbiota; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Term Birth; Vagina
PubMed: 33996627
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.641005 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2020In this study, the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and vaginal...
BACKGROUND
In this study, the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and vaginal microbiome was evaluated in Chinese cohorts.
METHODS
The vaginal bacterial composition of five groups, HPV-infected women without CINs (HPV, n = 78), women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n = 51), women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n = 23), women with invasive cervical cancer (Cancer, n = 9) and healthy women without HPV infection (Normal, n = 68), was characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V3-4) using Illumina MiSeq.
RESULTS
HPV infection increased vaginal bacterial richness and diversity regardless of the status of CINs. The vaginal bacterial richness and diversity were further augmented in women with cervical cancer. Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in all groups. HPV infection had a negative influence on the abundances of Lactobacillus, Gardnerella and Atopobium. Accordingly, HPV infection increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Bacillus, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Megasphaera, Streptococcus and Anaerococcus. The increased proportions of Bacillus, Anaerococcus and the reduced abundance of Gradnerella vaginalis were probably related with the progression of CINs severity. HPV infection without CINs or cancerous lesions was strongly associated with Megasphaera. The most abundant bacterium in the LSIL group was Prevotella amnii. However, Prevotella timonensis, Shuttleworthia and Streptococcaceae at the family level were three taxa related to HSIL. Furthermore, more taxa were associated with the Cancer group including Bacillus, Sneathia, Acidovorax, Oceanobacillus profundus, Fusobacterium, Veillonellaceae at the family level, Anaerococcus and Porphyromonas uenonis. Samples in the Normal group were mostly assigned to CST III. HPV infection converted the vaginal bacterial community structure from CST III to CST IV. Furthermore, the proportions of CST IV were gradually augmented with the progression of the severity of CINs.
CONCLUSIONS
This work interpreted the differential vaginal bacteria under HPV infection and various precancerous or cancerous lesions in a Chinese cohort. We distinguished the specific microbes and the vaginal bacterial structure that were related with the progression of CINs severity in Chinese women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biodiversity; China; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vagina; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 32842982
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05324-9 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Dec 2020Up to 50% of women with nonoptimal vaginal microbial community state type (CST) have bacterial vaginosis (BV). Little is known about what distinguishes women with and...
BACKGROUND
Up to 50% of women with nonoptimal vaginal microbial community state type (CST) have bacterial vaginosis (BV). Little is known about what distinguishes women with and without BV diagnosis within nonoptimal CST. We identified features of women and their male sex partners associated with BV among women with nonoptimal vaginal CST.
METHODS
In this prospective study, 252 heterosexual couples were observed at 1, 6, and 12 months after baseline. Microbiomes were characterized in cervicovaginal lavage and penile meatal swabs through high-throughput 16s ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Nonoptimal CST was defined as CST-IV. Bacterial vaginosis was defined as a Nugent score of 7 to 10. Generalized estimating equation analysis estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for BV among women with nonoptimal CST.
RESULTS
At baseline, women with nonoptimal CST were a median age of 22 years, 44% had BV, 16% had HIV, and 66% had herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2. Male partners were a median age of 27 years, 12% had HIV, 48% had HSV-2, and 55% were circumcised. Within nonoptimal CST, Sneathia sanguinegens, Prevotella species, Prevotella amnii, and Clostridiales, BV-associated bacteria-2 were statistically significantly enriched in observations with BV. In multivariable generalized estimating equation controlling for CST, HIV, and HSV-2, BV was increased among women with CST-IVA (aOR, 1.91; P = 0.087), HIV (aOR, 2.30; P = 0.051), HSV-2 (aOR, 1.75; P = 0.065), and enrichment of male partner penile taxa: Dialister (aOR, 1.16; P = 0.034), Megasphaera (aOR, 1.22; P = 0.001), and Brevibacterium (aOR, 1.13; P = 0.019).These results provide insights into factors differentiating women with BV among those with nonoptimal vaginal CST. Interrupting the sexual exchange of penile and vaginal taxa may be beneficial for preventing pathologic state of vaginal microbiome.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Female; Humans; Kenya; Male; Microbiota; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Viral; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sexual Partners; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Young Adult
PubMed: 32773610
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001259 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases May 2020In a vaginal 16S ribosomal RNA gene quantitative PCR study of 17 pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) cases and 17 controls who tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis,...
In a vaginal 16S ribosomal RNA gene quantitative PCR study of 17 pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) cases and 17 controls who tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis, women who additionally tested positive for Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia spp., Megasphaera spp., Eggerthella-like bacterium or Prevotella amnii were more likely to develop PID.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 32149953
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001164 -
MSystems Nov 2019Globally, dental caries is the most prevalent chronic oral disease and affects roughly half of all children. The aim of this report was to use metagenomic analyses to...
Globally, dental caries is the most prevalent chronic oral disease and affects roughly half of all children. The aim of this report was to use metagenomic analyses to investigate the relationship between the oral microbiome and caries in preschool children. A total of 25 preschoolers, aged 3 to 5 years old with severe early childhood caries (ECC), and 19 age-matched, caries-free children as controls were recruited. Saliva samples were collected from the participants and were subjected to metagenomic analyses, whereby the oral microbial communities were investigated. The metagenomic analyses revealed substantial microbiota differences between the two groups, indicating apparent shifts of the oral microbiome present in the ECC group. At the species level, the ECC-enriched microbes included , , and Interestingly, and exhibited apparent differences at the strain level but not the species level between the ECC and control groups. Functional examination showed that the ECC group displayed extensive alterations in metabolic genes/pathways/modules, including enriched functions in sugar metabolism. Finally, an SVM (support vector machine) classifier comprising seven species was developed and generated a moderately good performance in predicting caries onset (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 78.33%). Together, these findings indicate that caries is associated with considerable changes in the oral microbiome, some of which can potentially be exploited as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02341352.) Dental caries is a highly prevalent oral disease that can lead to severe dental damage and may greatly compromise the quality of life of the affected individuals. Previous studies, including those based on 16S rRNA gene, have revealed that the oral microbiota plays a prominent role in development of the disease. But the approach of those studies was limited in analyzing several key microbiome traits, including species- or strain-level composition and functional profile. Here, we performed metagenomic analyses for a cohort of preschool children with or without caries. Our results showed that caries was associated with extensive microbiota differences at various taxonomic and functional levels. Some caries-associated species had not been previously reported, some of which may have significant clinical implications. A microbiome gene catalogue from children with caries was constructed for the first time. The results demonstrated that caries is associated with alterations of the oral microbiome, including changes in microbial composition and metabolic functional profile.
PubMed: 31690590
DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00450-19 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Sep 2019While bacterial vaginosis has been associated with an increased risk of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) acquisition, it is unknown whether other characteristics of the...
BACKGROUND
While bacterial vaginosis has been associated with an increased risk of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) acquisition, it is unknown whether other characteristics of the vaginal microbiota, including the presence of key bacterial species, influence a woman's risk of TV acquisition.
METHODS
The vaginal microbiota before 25 unique episodes of TV infection involving 18 women was compared to that of 50 controls who remained uninfected. TV was detected by transcription-mediated amplification. Vaginal microbiota were quantified using broad-range polymerase chain reaction analysis and taxon-specific quantitative PCR of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.
RESULTS
TV acquisition was significantly associated with the presence of Prevotella amnii (risk ratio [RR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.38; P = .02) and Sneathia sanguinegens (RR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.00-6.62; P = .049). When adjusted for menstrual phase, the association between P. amnii and TV acquisition remained similar (adjusted RR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.03-4.33; P = .04), but the association between S. sanguinegens and TV acquisition was attenuated (adjusted RR, 2.31; 95% CI, .86-6.23; P = .10).
CONCLUSIONS
Key vaginal bacterial species may contribute to the susceptibility to TV acquisition. Understanding how these bacterial species increase a woman's risk of TV acquisition could help to guide the development of novel strategies to reduce women's risk of TV infection.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Biota; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Protozoan; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vagina
PubMed: 31287879
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz354