-
Medicine Jun 2024Postoperative ileus (POI) is a prevalent surgical complication, which results in prolonged hospitalization, patient distress, and substantial economic burden. The... (Review)
Review
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a prevalent surgical complication, which results in prolonged hospitalization, patient distress, and substantial economic burden. The literature aims to present a brief outline of interventions for preventing and treating POI post-surgery. Data from 2014 to 2023 were gathered from reputable sources like PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria focused on studies exploring innovative treatments and prevention strategies for POI, using keywords such as novel POI treatments, non-pharmacological prevention, POI incidence rates, POI management, and risk factors. The findings revealed that integration of preventive measures such as coffee consumption, chewing gum, probiotics, and use of dikenchuto within enhanced recovery programs has significantly reduced both the frequency and duration of POI, without any adverse effects, with minimally invasive surgical approaches showing promise as an additional preventive strategy. While treatment options such as alvimopan, NSAIDs, and acupuncture have demonstrated efficacy, the use of lidocaine has raised concerns due to associated adverse effects. The ongoing exploration of novel therapeutic strategies such as targeting the mast cells, vagal nerve stimulation and tight junction protein, and prokinetic-mediated instigation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory trail not only holds promise for enhanced treatment but also deepens the understanding of intricate cellular and molecular pathways underlying POI. POI presents a complex challenge in various surgical specialties, necessitating a multifaceted management approach. The integration of preventive and treatment measures within enhanced recovery programs has significantly reduced POI frequency and duration.
Topics: Humans; Postoperative Complications; Ileus; Risk Factors; Chewing Gum; Probiotics; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
PubMed: 38875379
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038177 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024To evaluate the methodological quality, report quality, and evidence quality of meta-analysis (MA) and systematic review (SR) on the efficacy of probiotics in the...
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the methodological quality, report quality, and evidence quality of meta-analysis (MA) and systematic review (SR) on the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS
Databases were used to identify eligible SRs/MAs until February 12, 2024. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using AMSTAR-2 tool, the quality of the literature reports was scored using PRISMA checklists, and the quality of the evidence was graded using GRADE system.
RESULTS
Seven reviews including 21 outcomes were included. Methodological quality of the included reviews was of general low, and the entries with poor scores were 2, 4, and 7. By PRISMA checklists, there were some reporting deficiencies, and quality problems were mainly reflected in the reporting registration and protocol, comprehensive search strategy and additional analysis. GRADE results elevated the quality of evidence to be low or very low overall.
CONCLUSIONS
Probiotics may have a therapeutic effect on RA, based on the evidence provided by the SRs/MAs in this overview. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence due to methodological limitations in the included research. To make trustworthy judgments regarding the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of RA, more large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are still required.
Topics: Probiotics; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 38873605
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397716 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024The human microbiome, a dynamic ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in shaping overall health. This review delves into six interconnected... (Review)
Review
The human microbiome, a dynamic ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in shaping overall health. This review delves into six interconnected sections, unraveling the intricate relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and their profound impact on human health. The dance of nutrients in the gut orchestrates a complex symphony, influencing digestive processes and susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders. Emphasizing the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, the Brain-Gut Axis section highlights the crucial role of dietary choices in physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Autoimmune diseases, particularly those manifesting in the gastrointestinal tract, reveal the delicate balance disrupted by gut microbiome imbalances. Strategies for reconciling gut microbes through diets, precision nutrition, and clinical indications showcase promising avenues for managing gastrointestinal distress and revolutionizing healthcare. From the Low-FODMAP diet to neuro-gut interventions, these strategies provide a holistic understanding of the gut's dynamic world. Precision nutrition, as a groundbreaking discipline, holds transformative potential by tailoring dietary recommendations to individual gut microbiota compositions, reshaping the landscape of gastrointestinal health. Recent advancements in clinical indications, including exact probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and neuro-gut interventions, signify a new era where the gut microbiome actively participates in therapeutic strategies. As the microbiome takes center stage in healthcare, a paradigm shift toward personalized and effective treatments for gastrointestinal disorders emerges, reflecting the symbiotic relationship between the human body and its microbial companions.
PubMed: 38873568
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1395664 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Chronic inflammation contributes to the decline in muscle strength and cognitive abilities associated with aging. This study aims to clarify the effects of oral...
PURPOSE
Chronic inflammation contributes to the decline in muscle strength and cognitive abilities associated with aging. This study aims to clarify the effects of oral administration of LC86 on these age-related declines, as well as its impact on the composition of gut microbiota.
METHODS
Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice received a 12 week regimen of LC86 (1 × 10 CFU/day). Muscle strength was assessed through forelimb grip strength and four-limb hanging tests. Cognitive function was evaluated through behavioral performance tests, and changes in gut microbiota were analyzed.
RESULTS
Administration of LC86 significantly enhanced muscle strength, demonstrated by increased grip strength and higher glycogen content in the gastrocnemius muscle ( = 0.041, = 0.017, and = 0.000, respectively). Behavioral tests suggested that LC86 mitigated age-related cognitive decline. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 ( = 0.002, = 0.000, and = 0.005, respectively), and an elevation in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level ( = 0.000). An increase in hepatic antioxidant capacity was observed. Significant changes in the gut microbiota composition were noted, including increased populations of and and decreased levels of / and .
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that LC86 supplementation mitigates muscle weakness and cognitive impairment in aging SAMP8 mice, potentially through the modulation of inflammation and gut microbiota composition. LC86 emerges as a promising candidate for ameliorating the decline of muscular and cognitive functions associated with aging.
PubMed: 38873561
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1390433 -
Food Science & Nutrition Jun 2024This review covers the significance of green banana resistant starch (RS), a substantial polysaccharide. The food industry has taken an interest in green banana flour... (Review)
Review
This review covers the significance of green banana resistant starch (RS), a substantial polysaccharide. The food industry has taken an interest in green banana flour due to its 30% availability of resistant starch and its approximately 70% starch content on a dry basis, making its use suitable for food formulations where starch serves as the base. A variety of processing techniques, such as heat-moisture, autoclaving, microwaving, high hydrostatic pressure, extrusion, ultrasound, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic debranching treatments, have made significant advancements in the preparation of resistant starch. These advancements aim to change the structure, techno-functionality, and subsequently the physiological functions of the resistant starch. Green bananas make up the highest RS as compared to other foods and cereals. Many food processing industries and cuisines now have a positive awareness due to the functional characteristics of green bananas, such as their pasting, thermal, gelatinization, foaming, and textural characteristics. It is also found useful for controlling the rates of cancer, obesity, and diabetic disorders. Moreover, the use of GBRS as prebiotics and probiotics might be significantly proved good for gut health. This study aimed at the awareness of the composition, extraction and application of the green banana resistant starch in the future food products.
PubMed: 38873476
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4063 -
Food Science & Nutrition Jun 2024The effect of low-FODMAPs diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Western China has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the effect of low-FODMAPs diet on IBS...
The effect of low-FODMAPs diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Western China has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the effect of low-FODMAPs diet on IBS patients in the area and whether low-FODMAPs diet-induced alterations of microbiota could be improved through probiotics. IBS patients were randomized to the control group, low-FODMAPs diet group, probiotics group, or combined group. IBS Symptom Severity Score questionnaire (IBS-SSS) and IBS Quality of Life Score questionnaire (IBS-QOL) were completed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks to evaluate the severity of symptoms. Fresh feces were collected for analyses of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids at baseline and 4 weeks after intervention. Seventy-three patients were included in the per protocol analysis. After intervention, there was significant improvement in IBS-SSS in the low-FODMAPs group (37.5%, 44.2%), probiotics group (51.4%, 62.0%), and combined group (34.1%, 40.4%) at both 2 weeks and 4 weeks, compared with the baseline ( < .05). In the low-FODMAPs group, the abundance of several microbiota (, , etc.) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, after the supplementation of probiotics in the combined group, the abundance of Genus_, , , , , , and was significantly increased, which was associated with the improvements of symptoms score in the correlation analysis. Our study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of short-term low-FODMAPs diet in IBS symptoms based on the Chinese diet in Western China. The combination of low-FODMAPs and probiotics plays a beneficial role in gut microbiota in IBS.
PubMed: 38873474
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4057 -
Food Science & Nutrition Jun 2024Water kefir grains are an important source of probiotics, mainly containing lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in...
Water kefir grains are an important source of probiotics, mainly containing lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in microbial and chemical properties of water kefir grains during 1-month storage at +4°C and -18°C. The initial content of lactobacilli, lactococci, and yeast in water kefir grains was 6.06, 6.33, and 5.93 log CFU/g, respectively. The number of lactobacilli, , and spp. in the water kefir grains were comparable, with slight changes at the end of refrigerated storage ( > .05). Lactococci and yeasts decreased significantly after both storage conditions compared to the initial content ( < .05). The dry matter and ash contents remained unchanged during storage ( > .05). Water kefir grains contained significant amounts of calcium, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, and vitamin B. Storage at both +4°C and -18°C did not affect the mineral and vitamin contents, except for Cu and Vitamin B. The results indicate that the water kefir grains remained viable after storage at both temperatures. If water kefir grains need to be stored, it is recommended to store them at +4°C in sugared water as it ensures better survivability of the microbiota of the grains.
PubMed: 38873456
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4074 -
Food Science & Nutrition Jun 2024With the changes of people's lifestyle, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia which were induced from a diet high in both fat and sugar have become serious health concerns....
With the changes of people's lifestyle, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia which were induced from a diet high in both fat and sugar have become serious health concerns. Tree peony seed oil (PSO) is a novel kind of edible oil that shows great potential in the food industry because of its high constituent of unsaturated fatty acids. Based 16S rRNA and gut untargeted metabolomics, this study elucidated that the mechanism of PSO regulating blood glucose (Glu) and lipids. The impact of PSO on gut microbiota balance and gut metabolites of mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) was evaluated. The findings indicated that PSO decreased HFD mice's body weight and fat accumulation, ameliorating the levels of blood lipid, reduced liver fat vacuole levels. What's more PSO modulated the proportion of gut microbiota in HFD mice and enhanced the abundance of probiotics. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that PSO not only impacted the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut microorganism and altered metabolic pathway but exerted influence on secondary bile acids (BA), amino acid metabolism, and various other metabolites. These results suggested that PSO has the potential function for mitigating HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota and host metabolism.
PubMed: 38873446
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4108 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent ocular surface disease. The development of effective nutritional management strategies for DED is crucial due to its... (Review)
Review
Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent ocular surface disease. The development of effective nutritional management strategies for DED is crucial due to its association with various factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deficiencies in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), imbalanced PUFA ratios, and vitamin insufficiencies. Extensive research has explored the impact of oral nutritional supplements, varying in composition and dosage, on the symptoms of DED. The main components of these supplements include fish oils (Omega-3 fatty acids), vitamins, trace elements, and phytochemical extracts. Beyond these well-known nutrients, it is necessary to explore whether novel nutrients might contribute to more effective DED management. This review provides a comprehensive update on the therapeutic potential of nutrients and presents new perspectives for combination supplements in DED treatment.
PubMed: 38873421
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388787 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024is one of the most abundant bacteria in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, highly regarded as a next-generation probiotic. However, the functions of genomes from...
INTRODUCTION
is one of the most abundant bacteria in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, highly regarded as a next-generation probiotic. However, the functions of genomes from cultured strains and the distribution of different species in populations may differ among different sources.
METHODS
We here performed an extensive analysis of pan-genomes, functions, and safety evaluation of 136 genomes collected from 10 countries.
RESULTS
The genomes are clustered into 11 clusters, with only five of them were characterized and validly nomenclated. Over 80% of the accessory genes and unique genes of are found with unknown function, which reflects the importance of expanding the collection of strains. All the genomes have the potential to produce acetic acid and butyric acid. Nine clusters of are found significantly enriched in the healthy individuals compared with patients with type II diabetes..
DISCUSSION
This study provides a comprehensive view of genomic characteristic and functions and of culturable bacterium from human gut, and enables clinical advances in the future.
PubMed: 38873165
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379500