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The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Jun 2024
PubMed: 38908130
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100298 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can cause chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens, which has a significant negative economic impact on the global poultry sector....
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can cause chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens, which has a significant negative economic impact on the global poultry sector. Respiratory flora is the guardian of respiratory health, and its disorder is closely related to respiratory immunity and respiratory diseases. As a common probiotic in the chicken respiratory tract, Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) has potential antioxidant, growth performance enhancing, and anti-immunosuppressive properties. However, the specific mechanism through which L. salivarius protects against MG infection has not yet been thoroughly examined. This study intends to investigate whether L. salivarius could reduce MG-induced tracheal inflammation by modulating the respiratory microbiota and metabolites. The results indicated that L. salivarius reduced MG colonization significantly and alleviated the anomalous morphological changes by using the MG-infection model. L. salivarius also reduced the level of Th1 cell cytokines, increased the level of Th2 cell cytokines, and ameliorated immune imbalance during MG infection. In addition, L. salivarius improved the mucosal barrier, heightened immune function, and suppressed the Janus kinase/Signal transducer, and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. Notably, MG infection changed the composition of the respiratory microbiota and metabolites, and L. salivarius therapy partially reversed the aberrant respiratory microbiota and metabolite composition. Our results highlighted that these findings demonstrated that L. salivarius played a role in MG-mediated inflammatory damage and demonstrated that L. salivarius, by altering the respiratory microbiota and metabolites, could successfully prevent MG-induced inflammatory injury in chicken trachea.
PubMed: 38908119
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103942 -
Gut Pathogens Jun 2024Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is one of the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus or Bacillus species are considered one...
In vitro investigations on interference of selected probiotic candidates with Campylobacter jejuni adhesion and invasion of primary chicken derived cecal and Caco-2 cells.
BACKGROUND
Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is one of the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus or Bacillus species are considered one option for reducing the colonization rate and magnitude in poultry, the most frequent source of human infections. Due to the lack of suitable avian in vitro models such as chicken intestinal cell lines, especially those derived from the cecum, most in vitro studies on C. jejuni host interaction have been conducted with human intestinal cell lines. In this study, we compared C. jejuni-cell interactions between primary chicken cecal cells and the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, which is derived from colorectal adenocarcinoma, and investigated possible interfering effects of selected probiotic candidates.
RESULTS
We detected differences in adhesion and invasion between the two tested gut cell types and between different C. jejuni strains. The probiotic inhibition of C. jejuni adhesion and invasion of human and avian gut cells was affected by host cell type, investigated C. jejuni strain and time points of probiotic treatment. Additionally, our results suggest a possible correlation between C. jejuni invasion and the detected increase in IL-6 mRNA expression.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate distinct differences between avian and human gut cells in their interaction with C. jejuni. Therefore, data obtained in one host species on C. jejuni-host interaction may not easily be transferrable to another one. The factors influencing the variable efficacy of probiotic intervention in chicken and human derived cells should be investigated further.
PubMed: 38907359
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00623-x -
Microbiome Jun 2024Although the microbiota has been extensively associated with HIV pathogenesis, the majority of studies, particularly those using omics techniques, are largely... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although the microbiota has been extensively associated with HIV pathogenesis, the majority of studies, particularly those using omics techniques, are largely correlative and serve primarily as a basis for hypothesis generation. Furthermore, most have focused on characterizing the taxonomic composition of the bacterial component, often overlooking other levels of the microbiome. The intricate mechanisms by which the microbiota influences immune responses to HIV are still poorly understood. Interventional studies on gut microbiota provide a powerful tool to test the hypothesis of whether we can harness the microbiota to improve health outcomes in people with HIV.
RESULTS
Here, we review the multifaceted role of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. We explore the complex interplay between gut microbial dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based therapeutics to open new avenues in HIV management. These include exploring the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted dietary modifications. We also address the challenges inherent in this research area, such as the difficulty in inducing long-lasting microbiome alterations and the complexities of study designs, including variations in probiotic strains, donor selection for FMT, antibiotic conditioning regimens, and the hurdles in translating findings into clinical practice. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the need for a more granular understanding of microbiome-immune interactions, the development of personalized microbiome-based therapies, and the application of novel technologies to identify potential therapeutic agents.
CONCLUSIONS
Our review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease and its potential as a target for innovative therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Humans; HIV Infections; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Probiotics; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Animals; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; Prebiotics; HIV
PubMed: 38907315
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01825-w -
Microbiome Jun 2024Bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases HIV acquisition risk, potentially by eliciting genital inflammation. After BV treatment, the vaginal administration of LACTIN-V, a...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases HIV acquisition risk, potentially by eliciting genital inflammation. After BV treatment, the vaginal administration of LACTIN-V, a live biotherapeutic containing the Lactobacillus crispatus strain CTV-05, reduced BV recurrence and vaginal inflammation; however, 3 months after product cessation, CTV-05 colonization was only sustained in 48% of participants.
RESULTS
This nested sub-study in 32 participants receiving LACTIN-V finds that 72% (23/32) demonstrate clinically relevant colonization (CTV-05 absolute abundance > 10 CFU/mL) during at least one visit while 28% (9/32) of women demonstrate colonization resistance, even during product administration. Immediately prior to LACTIN-V administration, the colonization-resistant group exhibited elevated vaginal microbiota diversity. During LACTIN-V administration, colonization resistance was associated with elevated vaginal markers of epithelial disruption and reduced chemokines, possibly due to elevated absolute abundance of BV-associated species and reduced L. crispatus. Colonization permissive women were stratified into sustained and transient colonization groups (31% and 41% of participants, respectively) based on CTV-05 colonization after cessation of product administration. These groups also exhibited distinct genital immune profiles during LACTIN-V administration.
CONCLUSIONS
The genital immune impact of LACTIN-V may be contingent on the CTV-05 colonization phenotype, which is in turn partially dependent on the success of BV clearance prior to LACTIN-V administration.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Vagina; Lactobacillus crispatus; Adult; Probiotics; Administration, Intravaginal; Microbiota; Young Adult; Phenotype
PubMed: 38907268
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01828-7 -
PloS One 2024The dung beetle primarily feeds on the feces of herbivorous animals and play a crucial role in ecological processes like material cycles and soil improvement. This study...
The dung beetle primarily feeds on the feces of herbivorous animals and play a crucial role in ecological processes like material cycles and soil improvement. This study aims to explore the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of Catharsius molossus (a renowned dung beetle originating from China and introduced to multiple countries for its ecological value) and exploring whether these gut microbes are transmitted vertically across generations. Using 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequencing techniques, we described the diversity and composition of gut microbes in C. molossus from different localities and different developmental stages (Egg, young larvae and old larvae). We discovered that the diversity of gut microbiota of dung beetles varied obviously among different geographical localities and different developmental stages, and we also discussed the potential influencing factors. Interestingly, the microbial community structure within the brood balls is more similar to male dung beetle than to that of females, which is consistent with the observation that the brood ball is constructed by the male dung beetle, with the female laying egg in it at the final step. This unique breeding method facilitates offspring in inheriting microbial communities from both the mother and the father. Initially, the larvae's gut microbiota closely mirrors that of the parental gift in these brood balls. As larvae grow, significant changes occur in their gut microbiota, including an increase in symbiotic bacteria like Lactococcus and Enterococcus. Analysis of the gut bacteria of adult dung beetles across various localities and different developmental stages identified nine core genera in adults, contributing to 67.80% of the total microbial abundance, and 11 core genera in beetles at different developmental stages, accounting for 49.13% of the total. Notably, seven genera were common between these two core groups. Our results suggest that Parental gifts can play a role in the vertical transmission of microbes, and the abundance of probiotics increases with larval development, supporting the hypothesis that "larval feeding behavior occurs in two stages: larvae first feed on parental gifts to acquire necessary microbes, then enrich symbiotic microbiota through consuming their own feces."
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Female; Male; Larva; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Biodiversity; China; Phylogeny
PubMed: 38905245
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304908 -
PloS One 2024The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the viability of free and encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics in mango juice and under simulated...
The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the viability of free and encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics in mango juice and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Specifically, the probiotics were encapsulated using sodium alginate and alginate-soy protein isolate through the internal gelation method, and the obtained probiotics were characterized for various attributes. Both free and encapsulated probiotics were exposed to challenging conditions, including thermal stress, low temperature, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Additionally, both types of probiotics were incorporated into mango juice, and their survival was monitored over a 28-day storage period. Following viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the count of free and encapsulated probiotic cells decreased from initial levels of 9.57 log CFU/mL, 9.55 log CFU/mL, and 9.53 log CFU/mL, 9.56 log CFU/mL to final levels of 6.14 log CFU/mL, 8.31 log CFU/mL, and 6.24 log CFU/mL, 8.62 log CFU/mL, respectively. Notably, encapsulated probiotics exhibited a decrease of 1.24 log CFU and 0.94 log CFU, while free cells experienced a reduction of 3.43 log CFU and 6.24 log CFU in mango juice over the storage period. Encapsulated probiotics demonstrated higher viability in mango juice compared to free probiotics throughout the 28-day storage period. These findings suggest that mango juice can be enriched with probiotics to create a health-promoting beverage.
Topics: Probiotics; Lactobacillus plantarum; Alginates; Microbial Viability; Gastrointestinal Tract; Mangifera; Gels; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Soybean Proteins
PubMed: 38905169
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303091 -
Obesity Science & Practice Jun 2024The prevalence of excess weight and obesity is increasing in an extremely concerning manner worldwide, with highly diverse therapies for current treatment. This review...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of excess weight and obesity is increasing in an extremely concerning manner worldwide, with highly diverse therapies for current treatment. This review evaluated the scientific evidence of the past 10 years on the use of probiotics in treating excess weight and obesity in the absence of dieting.
MATERIALS
A systematic review was conducted by searching for clinical trials on humans published in English in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases, using the combination of keywords "Overweight", "Probiotics" and "Obesity", and published between 2012 and 2022.
RESULTS
Six published studies met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that, although there is a lack of consensus in the literature, the use of probiotics in the absence of dieting produced a significant reduction in body weight and body mass index in 66.6% of the reviewed studies, a significant reduction in waist circumference in 80.0% of the reviewed studies, and an improvement in total body fat mass and waist circumference.
CONCLUSIONS
This review showed evidence of a trend in preventing body weight gain and reducing weight through the use of probiotics in individuals with excess weight or obesity. A combination of various strains of the genera and was the most effective.
PubMed: 38903852
DOI: 10.1002/osp4.759 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Kefir beverage has beneficial microorganisms that have health-giving properties; therefore, they have a good potential to be probiotic. This study evaluated the...
INTRODUCTION
Kefir beverage has beneficial microorganisms that have health-giving properties; therefore, they have a good potential to be probiotic. This study evaluated the probiotic potential, technological, and safety characteristics of , , and isolated from traditional kefir beverages.
METHOD
First, isolates were evaluated in terms of resistance to acid, alkali, bile salts, trypsin, and pepsin of the gastrointestinal tract. The auto-aggregation and co-aggregation ability of isolates were measured using spectrophotometry. Antimicrobial activities were assayed against important food-borne pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. Moreover, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production was investigated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
RESULT
Among the isolates, had an 85% total survival rate, but its amount reached below 6 log CFU/ml which is considered non-resistant, and it showed the highest auto-aggregation (74.67%). Moreover, only showed antimicrobial activity and had the highest co-aggregation with PTCC 1338 (54.33%) and ATCC 7644 (78%). Finally, an evaluation of the technological and safety characteristics of the strains showed that the strains produced GABA and were safe.
DISCUSSION
Although the isolates were not resistant to the gastrointestinal tract, their supernatant contained valuable natural compounds, including antioxidants, GABA, and antimicrobials, which can be used to produce functional foods and medicines. In addition, other approaches, such as increasing the initial number of strains, using foods as carriers of isolates, and encapsulating the isolates, can effectively increase the survivability of isolates in the gastrointestinal tract.
PubMed: 38903778
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385301 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Georgi is a medicinal herb with a rich history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. This review concentrates on the chemical constituents of Georgi, with a... (Review)
Review
Georgi is a medicinal herb with a rich history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. This review concentrates on the chemical constituents of Georgi, with a particular emphasis on flavonoids such as baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin. Additionally, it examines the effects of probiotic fermentation on the plant's chemical profile and pharmacological actions. Evidence suggests that probiotic fermentation markedly modifies the bioactive components of Georgi, thereby augmenting its medicinal potency. The paper delves into the mechanisms by which the primary active constituents of Georgi are altered during fermentation and how these changes influence its pharmacological properties. This review aims to lay a theoretical groundwork for the clinical utilization of Georgi and the formulation of innovative therapeutic approaches.
PubMed: 38903628
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1407182