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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Fermentation is probably the oldest ancient tradition used by indigenous inhabitants for the preservation of food [...].
Fermentation is probably the oldest ancient tradition used by indigenous inhabitants for the preservation of food [...].
PubMed: 38928759
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121817 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In the current study, the prebiotic potential of an innovative functional pasta enriched with 12% (/) inulin was investigated. To this aim, pasta was subjected to in...
In the current study, the prebiotic potential of an innovative functional pasta enriched with 12% (/) inulin was investigated. To this aim, pasta was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion followed by simulated gut fermentation compared to the control pasta (CTRL) not containing inulin. The incorporation of inulin positively ( < 0.05) affected some organoleptic traits and the cooking quality of the final product, giving an overall score significantly higher than CTRL. The resultant essential amino acid content was similar in both pasta samples while the total protein content was lower in inulin-enriched pasta for the polymer substitution to durum wheat flour. The prebiotic potential of chicory inulin was preliminarily tested in in vitro experiments using seven probiotic strains and among them IMPC2.1 was selected for the simulated gut fermentation studies. The positive prebiotic activity score registered with the probiotic strain suggested the suitability of the inulin-enriched pasta with respect to acting as a prebiotic source favoring the growth of the probiotic strain and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The present study contributes to broadening knowledge on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin when incorporated into a complex food matrix.
PubMed: 38928756
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121815 -
Brain Sciences May 2024A growing body of literature suggests a link between bowel syndromes (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease), gut microbiome alterations, and... (Review)
Review
A growing body of literature suggests a link between bowel syndromes (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease), gut microbiome alterations, and psychiatric disorders. This narrative review aims to explore the potential role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to explore whether there is sufficient evidence to warrant considering gastrointestinal symptoms and their implication for the gut microbiome during the assessment and treatment of OCD. For this purpose, a PubMed search of studies focusing on OCD, gut microbiota, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease was conducted by two independent reviewers. While the current literature on gut microbiome and gastrointestinal issues in OCD remains limited, emerging evidence suggests gut microbiome alterations and high rates of bowel syndromes in this population. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating comprehensive gastrointestinal assessments into the "global assessment of OCD". Such assessment should encompass various factors, including gastrointestinal physical comorbidities and symptoms, nutritional habits, bowel habits, fluid intake, exercise patterns, and potential microbiome dysfunctions and inflammation. Considering the treatment implications, interventions targeting gut health, such as probiotics and dietary modifications, may hold promise in improving symptoms in OCD patients with comorbid gastrointestinal problems. Further research in this area is warranted to better understand the interplay between gut health and OCD and to explore the effectiveness of targeted interventions in improving clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 38928539
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060539 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Imbalanced nutrition, such as a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet, is associated with negative effects on human health. The composition and metabolic activity of the human...
Supplementation of a High-Fat Diet with Pentadecylresorcinol Increases the Representation of in the Mouse Small and Large Intestines and May Protect against Complications Caused by Imbalanced Nutrition.
Imbalanced nutrition, such as a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet, is associated with negative effects on human health. The composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota are closely related to the type of diet and have been shown to change significantly in response to changes in food content and food supplement administration. Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are lipophilic molecules that have been found to improve lipid metabolism and glycemic control and decrease systemic inflammation. Furthermore, alkylresorcinol intake is associated with changes in intestinal microbiota metabolic activity. However, the exact mechanism through which alkylresorcinols modulate microbiota activity and host metabolism has not been determined. In this study, alterations in the small intestinal microbiota (SIM) and the large intestinal microbiota (LIM) were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet with or without pentadecylresorcinol (C15) supplementation. High-throughput sequencing was applied for jejunal and colonic microbiota analysis. The results revealed that C15 supplementation in combination with a high-fat diet could decrease blood glucose levels. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that C15 intake significantly increased ( < 0.0001) the abundance of the probiotic bacteria and in both the small and large intestines and increased the alpha diversity of LIM ( < 0.05), but not SIM. The preliminary results suggested that one of the mechanisms of the protective effects of alkylresorcinol on a high-fat diet is the modulation of the content of SIM and LIM and metabolic activity to increase the probiotic bacteria that alleviate unhealthy metabolic changes in the host.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Resorcinols; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Akkermansia; Dietary Supplements; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Intestine, Small
PubMed: 38928317
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126611 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a high prevalence worldwide. AD pathogenesis is complex and consists of immune system dysregulation... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a high prevalence worldwide. AD pathogenesis is complex and consists of immune system dysregulation and impaired skin barrier, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of the review is to show the complex interplay between atopic dermatitis and the microbiota. Human microbiota plays an important role in AD pathogenesis and the course of the disease. Dysbiosis is an important factor contributing to the development of atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The gut microbiota can influence the composition of the skin microbiota, strengthening the skin barrier and regulating the immune response via the involvement of bacterial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids, in signaling pathways of the gut-skin axis. AD can be modulated by antibiotic intake, dietary adjustments, hygiene, and living conditions. One of the promising strategies for modulating the course of AD is probiotics. This review offers a summary of how the microbiota influences the development and treatment of AD, highlighting aspects that warrant additional investigation.
Topics: Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Microbiota; Skin; Animals
PubMed: 38928245
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126539 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Many lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer, dementia, myocardial infarction, and stroke are known to be caused by aging, and the WHO's ICD-11 (International...
Many lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer, dementia, myocardial infarction, and stroke are known to be caused by aging, and the WHO's ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition) created the code "aging-related" in 2022. In other words, aging is irreversible but aging-related diseases are reversible, so taking measures to treat them is important for health longevity and preventing other diseases. Therefore, in this study, we used BioBran containing rice kefiran as an approach to improve aging. Rice kefiran has been reported to improve the intestinal microflora, regulate the intestines, and have anti-aging effects. BioBran has also been reported to have antioxidant effects and improve liver function, and human studies have shown that it affects the diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Quantitative measures of aging that correlate with disease risk are now available through the epigenetic clock test, which examines the entire gene sequence and determines biological age based on the methylation level. Horvath's Clock is the best known of many epigenetic clock tests and was published by Steve Horvath in 2013. In this study, we examine the effect of using Horvath's Clock to improve aging and report on the results, which show a certain effect.
Topics: Oryza; Epigenesis, Genetic; Aging; Pilot Projects; Humans; Biomarkers; Male; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Female; DNA Methylation; Probiotics; Middle Aged; Animals
PubMed: 38928040
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126332 -
Cancers Jun 2024In 2022, colorectal cancer (CRC) was the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide. The therapeutic approach for CRC typically involves a multimodal regimen. The human... (Review)
Review
In 2022, colorectal cancer (CRC) was the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide. The therapeutic approach for CRC typically involves a multimodal regimen. The human gut microbiota comprises over 35,000 bacterial species. The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by dietary intake, which plays a crucial role in food absorption, nutrient extraction, and the development of low-grade inflammation. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is a key driver of inflammation and is strongly associated with CRC development. While the gut microbiome influences CRC initiation and progression, emerging evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of cancer treatments. Therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, such as probiotics, hold promise as effective interventions in the modern therapeutical approach to CRC. For example, Microbiota Implementation to Reduce Anastomotic Colorectal Leaks (MIRACLe) implementation has resulted in improvements in clinical outcomes, including reduced incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL), surgical site infections (SSIs), reoperation, as well as shorter recovery times and hospital stays compared with the control group. Therefore, this review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of the gut microbiota in CRC pathogenesis and its potential therapeutic implications to treat CRC.
PubMed: 38927941
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122236 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Excessive dietary fat intake is closely associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal diseases, and certain...
Excessive dietary fat intake is closely associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal diseases, and certain types of cancer. The administration of multi-strain probiotics has shown a significantly beneficial effect on the mitigation of obesity induced by high-fat diets (HFDs). In this study, Amuc_1100, an outer membrane protein of , was fused with green fluorescent protein and LPXTG motif anchor protein and displayed on the surface of (pLR-GAA) and (pLP-GAA), respectively. The localization of the fusion protein on the bacterial cell surface was confirmed via fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. Both recombinant strains demonstrated the capacity to ameliorate hyperglycemia and decrease body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, daily oral supplementation of pLR-GAA or pLP-GAA suppressed the HFD-induced intestinal permeability by regulating the mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide concentration in serum and mitigating damage to the gut, liver, and adipose tissue. Compared with treatment, high-dose pLR-GAA restored the expression level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 in the intestine. In conclusion, our approach enables the maintenance of intestinal health through the use of recombinant probiotics with surface-displayed functional protein, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for HFD-induced obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities.
PubMed: 38927810
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060574 -
Biomedicines May 2024Fermented prebiotic and probiotic products with kefir are very important to slow down and prevent the growth of tumors and to treat cancer by stimulating the immune...
In Vitro Antitumor and Antioxidant Capacity as well as Ameliorative Effects of Fermented Kefir on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity on Cardiac and Hepatic Tissues in Rats.
Fermented prebiotic and probiotic products with kefir are very important to slow down and prevent the growth of tumors and to treat cancer by stimulating the immune response against tumor cells. Cyclophosphamide (CPx) is widely preferred in cancer treatment but its effectiveness in high doses is restricted because of its side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of kefir against CPx-induced heart and liver toxicity. In an experiment, 42 Wistar albino rats were divided into six treatment groups: the control (Group 1), the group receiving 150 mg/kg CPx (Group 2), the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir (Groups 3 and 4) and the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir + CPx (Group 5 and 6). Fermented kefirs obtained on different days by traditional methods were mixed and given by gavage for 12 days, while a single dose of CPx was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 12th day of the experiment. It was observed that alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and Troponin I values, which indicate oxidative stress, increased in the CPx-administered group, and this level approached that of the control in the CPx + kefir groups. Likewise, as a result of the kefir, the rats' CPx-induced histopathological symptoms were reduced, and their heart and liver tissue were significantly improved. In conclusion, it was observed that kefir had a cytoprotective effect against CPx-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, bringing their biochemical parameters closer to those of the control by suppressing oxidative stress and reducing tissue damage.
PubMed: 38927407
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061199 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The prevalence of , a pathogen, has decreased globally in the last decade. To date, the management of has focused on a reactive approach, whereby those diagnosed are... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of , a pathogen, has decreased globally in the last decade. To date, the management of has focused on a reactive approach, whereby those diagnosed are treated with antimicrobials and acid suppression in combination. This review article provides an overview of the shift in the management of from a reactive approach towards a proactive 'screen and treat' approach; the article reflects the current pharmacological landscape for treatment by exploring similarities such as the first-line prescription of quadruple therapy in most countries and provides a summary table of the best practice guidance from Europe, Asia, and North America. It explores significant ongoing challenges in management, such as rising antimicrobial resistance rates, and explores a potential 'work smart' approach to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We explore the role of registry databases in providing data on treatment efficacy and safety and how they can support a strategic approach to treatment. We question if such a database's availability, update, and regular audit should serve as a key quality indicator in a population screening programme. Despite a call for vaccination against and decades of research, not many have made it to a phase-three clinical trial. We explore the challenges that have complicated the development of such a vaccine, such as the genetic diversity of , immunotolerance, and limitations of mouse models in research; we reflect on how these challenges are contributing to a low likelihood of having a vaccine in the short-medium term. Lastly, it explores the heterogeneity in research on probiotics and their role as an adjunct in the management of .
PubMed: 38927207
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060541