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Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Griseb. is a Balkan endemic species listed in The Red Data Book of Bulgaria with the conservation status "endangered". Successful micropropagation was achieved on MS...
Griseb. is a Balkan endemic species listed in The Red Data Book of Bulgaria with the conservation status "endangered". Successful micropropagation was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L benzyladenine (BA), followed by a subsequent ex vitro adaptation in an experimental field resulting in 92% regenerated plants. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside, leucosceptoside A), phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid), iridoids (allobetonicoside and 8-OAc-harpagide), and alkaloids (trigonelline) were identified, characteristic of plants belonging to the genus . High antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were observed in both in situ and ex vitro acclimated plants, correlating with the reported high concentrations of total phenols and flavonoids in these variants. Ex vitro adapted plants also exhibited a well-defined anti-inflammatory potential, demonstrating high inhibitory activity against the complement system. Employing a disk diffusion method, a 100% inhibition effect was achieved compared to positive antibiotic controls against and , with moderate activity against . The induced in vitro and ex vitro model systems can enable the conservation of in nature and offer future opportunities for the targeted biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
PubMed: 38202340
DOI: 10.3390/plants13010030 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2024Acne vulgaris caused by antibiotic-resistant () infection is difficult to treat conventionally. Phages have been suggested as a potential solution, but research on the...
Acne vulgaris caused by antibiotic-resistant () infection is difficult to treat conventionally. Phages have been suggested as a potential solution, but research on the mechanism of phage treatment is inadequate. This research investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms of phage φPaP11-13 attenuating -induced inflammation in rat models. We found that rats infected with had higher average ear thickness, greater enrichment of inflammatory cells as shown by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and fewer TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling)-positive keratinocytes visualized by IF staining. Moreover, an increase of IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1r) was detected using the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method, Western blot (WB), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) when infected with , which was decreased after the application of phage φPaP11-13. By applying the IGF-1 antibody, it was demonstrated that the severity of -induced inflammation was relevant to the expression of IGF-1. Through WB and qRT-PCR, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and a down-regulation of the BAD-mediated apoptosis pathway were discovered after infection. Subsequently, it was shown that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway against BAD-mediated apoptosis pathway was alleviated after applying phage φPaP11-13. Furthermore, applying the IGF-1r inhibitor, Pan-PI3K inhibitor, and Akt inhibitor reversed the changing trends of BAD induced by and phage φPaP11-13. This study demonstrates that one of the critical mechanisms underlying the attenuation of acne vulgaris by phage φPaP11-13 is lysing and regulating keratinocyte apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.IMPORTANCE infection-induced acne vulgaris may cause severe physical and psychological prognosis. However, the overuse of antibiotics develops drug resistance, bringing challenges in treating . Bacteriophages are currently proven effective in MDR (multiple drug-resistant) , but there is a significant lack of understanding of phage therapy. This study demonstrated a novel way of curing acne vulgaris by using phages through promoting cell death of excessive keratinocytes in acne lesions by lysing . However, the regulation of this cell cycle has not been proven to be directly mediated by phages. The hint of ternary relation among "phage-bacteria-host" inspires huge interest in future phage therapy studies.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Bacteriophages; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Keratinocytes; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Inflammation; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38197658
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02838-23 -
Dermatology and Therapy Jan 2024The skin microbiome consists of the microorganisms populating the human skin. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes, formerly named Propionibacterium acnes) is recognized as a... (Review)
Review
The skin microbiome consists of the microorganisms populating the human skin. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes, formerly named Propionibacterium acnes) is recognized as a key factor in acne development, regulating inflammatory and immune pathways. Dysbiosis has been described as the imbalance in skin microbiome homeostasis and may play a role in acne pathogenesis. Microbial interference has been shown to be a contributor to healthy skin homeostasis and staphylococcal strains may exclude acne-associated C. acnes phylotypes. In this review we present an update on the skin microbiome in acne and discuss how current acne treatments such as benzoyl peroxide, orally administered isotretinoin, and antibiotics may affect the skin microbiome homeostasis. We highlight the collateral damage of acne antibiotics on the skin microbiome, including the risk of antimicrobial resistance and the dysregulation of the microbiome equilibrium that may occur even with short-term antibiotic courses. Consequently, the interest is shifting towards new non-antibiotic pharmacological acne treatments. Orally administered spironolactone is an emerging off-label treatment for adult female patients and topical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) modulation is being studied for patients with acne. The potential application of topical or oral probiotics, bacteriotherapy, and phage therapy for acne are further promising areas of future research.
PubMed: 38183614
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01079-8 -
Germs Sep 2023The involvement of bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of the biliary tissue among...
INTRODUCTION
The involvement of bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of the biliary tissue among adult patients with choledocholithiasis during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP).
METHODS
sequencing of bile samples, culture, and data of the medication history, underlying diseases, and liver function tests were used for the interpretation of differences in the composition of detected bacterial taxa.
RESULTS
The four most common phyla in the bile samples included , , and . Infection with anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria showed host specificity, where , , , , , and coexist in the same patients. and spp. were detected in 80% and 86% of the patients, where the highest relative abundance rates were detected in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and leukocytosis, respectively. Higher diversity in the bacterial population was detected in patients with common bile duct (CBD) stone, in which the richness of an unclassified member of plus , / spp., , , and s were detected.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggested correlations between the presence and relative abundance of several bacterial taxa and CBD stone formation and the effect of medication and underlying diseases on the bile microbial communities. A study on a higher number of bile samples from patients compared with the control group could reveal the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease.
PubMed: 38146380
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1390 -
Cureus Nov 2023Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a crucial complication of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) with a high-concentration...
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a crucial complication of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) with a high-concentration antimicrobial pharmacy administration method has recently received attention owing to its effectiveness in the treatment of bone and soft tissue infections. We herein report a case of PJI following RSA that was successfully treated with CLAP without removal of the entire implant. A 73-year-old woman with comorbidities of diabetes mellitus and hypertension underwent RSA. The wound was found to be swollen eight weeks after RSA, and purulent content that was positive for was identified. Blood samples indicated a mildly elevated inflammatory response. With a diagnosis of PJI spread from the intra-articular to subcutaneous regions without implant loosening, the patient underwent surgical treatment nine weeks after RSA. The contaminated tissues were thoroughly debrided, and the prosthetic joint was preserved by replacing the glenosphere and polyethylene liner. Intra-soft tissue antibiotic perfusion (iSAP) tubes and effluent drains were placed intra-articularly and subcutaneously, and gentamicin was infused continuously for 12 days. In addition, ceftriaxone and rifampicin were administered. The patient was subsequently treated with minocycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim or clindamycin for eight weeks. The inflammatory reaction became negative six weeks postoperatively, and the patient had no recurrence at 15 months postoperatively. Treatment of PJI is considered a long-lasting, challenging process. This case report supports the feasibility of using CLAP in the treatment of PJI.
PubMed: 38130511
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49193 -
PloS One 2023The nitrate (NO3-) reducing bacteria resident in the oral cavity have been implicated as key mediators of nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis and human health. NO3--reducing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The nitrate (NO3-) reducing bacteria resident in the oral cavity have been implicated as key mediators of nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis and human health. NO3--reducing oral bacteria reduce inorganic dietary NO3- to nitrite (NO2-) via the NO3--NO2--NO pathway. Studies of oral NO3--reducing bacteria have typically sampled from either the tongue surface or saliva. The aim of this study was to assess whether other areas in the mouth could contain a physiologically relevant abundance of NO3- reducing bacteria, which may be important for sampling in clinical studies. The bacterial composition of seven oral sample types from 300 individuals were compared using a meta-analysis of the Human Microbiome Project data. This analysis revealed significant differences in the proportions of 20 well-established oral bacteria and highly abundant NO3--reducing bacteria across each oral site. The genera included Actinomyces, Brevibacillus, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium, Eikenella, Fusobacterium, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Microbacterium, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Rothia, Selenomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Veillonella. The highest proportion of NO3--reducing bacteria was observed in saliva, where eight of the bacterial genera were found in higher proportion than on the tongue dorsum, whilst the lowest proportions were found in the hard oral surfaces. Saliva also demonstrated higher intra-individual variability and bacterial diversity. This study provides new information on where samples should be taken in the oral cavity to assess the abundance of NO3--reducing bacteria. Taking saliva samples may benefit physiological studies, as saliva contained the highest abundance of NO3- reducing bacteria and is less invasive than other sampling methods. These results inform future studies coupling oral NO3--reducing bacteria research with physiological outcomes affecting human health.
Topics: Humans; Nitrates; Nitrogen Dioxide; Mouth; Bacteria; Saliva; Microbiota; Streptococcus
PubMed: 38127919
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295058 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2024The two major challenges in cancer treatment are reducing the side effects and minimizing the cost of cancer treatment. A better therapy to treat cancer remains to be...
The two major challenges in cancer treatment are reducing the side effects and minimizing the cost of cancer treatment. A better therapy to treat cancer remains to be developed despite the presence of many therapeutic options. Here, we present bacterial therapy for treating cancer using tumor-isolated Cutibacterium acnes, which is safe to use, has minimal side effects compared to chemotherapeutic drugs, and most importantly, targets the tumor microenvironment due to the bacterium's anaerobic nature. It activates the immune system, and the immune cells effectively penetrate through the tumor tissue and form an immunologic hub inside, explicitly targeting the tumor and destroying the cells. This bacterial therapy is a new cost-effective innovative treatment.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Propionibacterium acnes; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38113626
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116041 -
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and... 2023Non-genetic factors like microbial dysbiosis may be contributing to the increasing incidence/progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
BACKGROUND
Non-genetic factors like microbial dysbiosis may be contributing to the increasing incidence/progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
OBJECTIVES
To analyse the gut microbiota profile in Indian children with T1DM and its effect on glycaemic control.
METHODOLOGY
Faecal samples of 29 children with T1DM were collected and faecal microbial DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing and further analysis.
RESULTS
The dominant phyla in children with T1DM were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Butyrate-producing bacteria and showed a significant negative correlation with the glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels ( < 0.05). and were important negative predictors of glycaemic control ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that Indian children with T1DM have a distinct gut microbiome taxonomic composition and that short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria like and (butyrate-producing) may play an important role in the glycaemic control of subjects with T1DM.
PubMed: 38107732
DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_22_22 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jan 2024Dromedary camel or Arabian camel () has great economic importance due to its milk and byproducts. Its milk has high nutrition along with healthy bacteria such as...
Dromedary camel or Arabian camel () has great economic importance due to its milk and byproducts. Its milk has high nutrition along with healthy bacteria such as bacteria helpful in the fermentation process. The aim was to compare the probiotic bacteria from one week of lactating camel milk vs one year lactating camel milk to differentiate the potential probiotics. This study analyzed the microbiomes of one year lactating raw camel milk M1, M2 (A) (n = 10) and one week of lactating camel milk M3, M4 (B) (n = 10) through metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA. In total, 276 species were found in two groups (A and B) and they shared 55 genes. Group B showed a higher number of species (2 2 0) than group A (56). The statistical data on functional annotations such as Card, COG, NOG and Swiss-prot revealed at least one or more contributions from this study sample database. The phylum contributed largely up to 75 % in group B. In contrast, and existed in higher quantity in group A than in group B and were slightly higher in group A than in group B. were higher in group B whereas dominated in group A than group B. The potential probiotic bacteria found in camel milk including , and Despite the probiotic bacteria some pathogenic microbes also resided in the studied samples, hence it is strongly recommended proper sterilization before consumption. This proposed research is to get an efficient microbial consortium of beneficial bacteria and their functional roles.
PubMed: 38090133
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103879 -
Acne vulgaris: A review of the pathophysiology, treatment, and recent nanotechnology based advances.Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Dec 2023Globally, Acne Vulgaris is a widespread, chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous follicles. Acne is not fatal, but depending on its severity, it can leave... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Globally, Acne Vulgaris is a widespread, chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous follicles. Acne is not fatal, but depending on its severity, it can leave the sufferer with scars, irritation, and significant psychological effects (including depression). In the current review, we have included various factors for acne and their treatment explained. It also narrated the current medicament and the new investigation dosage forms with clinical phases information provided.
MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT
Acne's pathophysiology involves four important factors: excessive sebum production, hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous follicles, hyperproliferation of propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and inflammation. Identifying both inflammatory (Papule, pustule, nodule, and cyst) and non-inflammatory (black heads, white heads) acne lesions is necessary for diagnosing and treating acne vulgaris.
SHORT CONCLUSION
In this review, traditional therapy approaches such as topical (i.e., retinoids and antibiotics), systemic (i.e., retinoids, antibiotics, and hormonal), and physical therapies are briefly discussed. In addition, we highlight the issues posed by P. acne's resistance to the antibiotics used in commercially available medications and the necessity for novel therapeutic techniques. Finally, we examined a few innovative acne therapies pending clinical trial approval and commercial acne medications.
PubMed: 38076662
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101578