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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024The effect of embryo reinsertion immediately after embryo flushing was studied. In Experiment 1, eight mares were used during 32 cycles (8 cycles in each group). For the...
The effect of embryo reinsertion immediately after embryo flushing was studied. In Experiment 1, eight mares were used during 32 cycles (8 cycles in each group). For the first two groups, inseminated mares were flushed 8 days after ovulation and prostaglandin F2α was not administered: in group EF-ET (embryo flushing and embryo transfer) the embryo was reinserted in the same donor mare, while in the EF group, no further procedure was performed. In the third group (ET), non-inseminated mares (recipients) received a Day 8 embryo. Progesterone concentration was measured before EF/ET and 72 h after in the three groups. In Experiment 2, twelve mares were used during 17 cycles in two groups, EF-ET (n = 11) and ET (n = 6), as in Experiment 1, except that every mare was flushed 24 h after embryo transfer to retrieve the embryo. Fewer pregnancies resulted after transfer in EF-ET cycles (0/8, 0%) than in the ET group (6/8, 75%). Progesterone concentration decreased significantly ( = 0.05) 72 h after EF-ET but not in EF or ET cycles ( > 0.1). Three mares from the EF-ET showed full luteolysis and signs of endometritis. In Experiment 2, more (5/6; = 0.08) grade 1 embryos were recovered in the ET compared to the EF-ET group (3/7); 4 embryos were graded 3-4 (were broken or had signs of degeneration) in the EF-ET group but none in the ET group. In both groups, capsule fragments were obtained as indicative of the presence of a recently destroyed embryo in the EF-ET (n = 3) and ET (n = 1) groups. Positive bacterial cultures were obtained in 2/11 and 1/6 embryo flushes from the EF-ET and ET groups, respectively.
PubMed: 38891652
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111605 -
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Aug 2024Although classically recognized as a neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has also been identified in colonic tumors. Moreover, the gut microbiome represents...
Although classically recognized as a neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has also been identified in colonic tumors. Moreover, the gut microbiome represents another potential source of GABA. Both GABA and GABA receptors have been implicated in contributing to the effects of GABA in colorectal cancer, with both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions identified. However, their subunit composition is often overlooked. Studies to date have not addressed whether the GABA-producing potential of the microbiome changes over the course of colon tumor development or whether receptor subunit expression patterns are altered in colon cancer. Therefore, we investigated the clusters of orthologous group frequencies of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in feces from two murine models of colon cancer and found that the frequency of microbial GAD was significantly decreased early in the tumorigenic process. We also determined that microbial-derived GABA inhibited proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro and that this effect of GABA on SW480 cells involved both GABA and GABA receptors. GABA also inhibited prostaglandin E (PGE)-induced proliferation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in these cells. Gene expression correlations were assessed using the "Cancer Exploration" suite of the TIMER2.0 web tool and identified that GABA receptor subunits were differentially expressed in human colon cancer. Moreover, GABA receptor subunits were predominantly positively associated with PGE synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-6. Collectively, these data demonstrate decreased potential of the microbiome to produce GABA during tumorigenesis, a novel anti-tumorigenic pathway for GABA, and that GABA receptor subunit expression adds a further layer of complexity to GABAergic signaling in colon cancer.
Topics: Animals; Colonic Neoplasms; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Signal Transduction; Mice; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line, Tumor; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, GABA-B; Dinoprostone; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Interleukin-6; Cyclooxygenase 2; Carcinogenesis; Feces; Receptors, GABA; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Female
PubMed: 38886975
DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1226 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Jun 2024BACKGROUND Bartter syndrome is a rare, inherited salt-wasting tubulopathy caused by mutations in 1 of 6 genes that express ion transport channels in the thick ascending...
BACKGROUND Bartter syndrome is a rare, inherited salt-wasting tubulopathy caused by mutations in 1 of 6 genes that express ion transport channels in the thick ascending limb of nephrons. Excessive prostaglandin E2 and associated hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism occurs, causing polyhydramnios, polyuria, prematurity, failure to thrive, and characteristic physical features. Hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, and, depending on the affected gene, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis are hallmarks of Bartter syndrome. CASE REPORT A 9-month-old male infant, born prematurely due to polyhydramnios, presented in the Emergency Department with dehydration due to incoercible vomiting and significant polyuria. A 6-year-old male infant with a previous history of prematurity due to polyhydramnios was referred to the Pediatric Endocrinology Department due to short stature and notable polydipsia and polyuria. Considering these marked symptoms, both cases triggered suspicion and started workup for arginine-vasopressin insufficiency/resistance. However, during the investigations, a broader clinical revision revealed that both had dysmorphic physical features (triangularly shaped face, prominent forehead, protruding ears, drooping mouth), poor growth, impaired weight gain, and typical biochemical findings (hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypercalciuria, secondary hyperaldosteronism) of Bartter syndrome. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of Bartter syndrome types 1 and type 2, respectively, and this diagnosis allowed proper treatment and significant clinical improvements, personalized follow-up, and genetic counseling for parents desiring further healthy pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present clinical and follow-up findings of 2 patients with Bartter syndrome types 1 and 2 discovered upon a broader clinical revision of suspected arginine-vasopressin insufficiency/resistance. We also review pertinent data on diagnosis and management of this challenging syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Bartter Syndrome; Male; Infant; Child; Arginine Vasopressin
PubMed: 38885190
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.942872 -
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences Aug 2024We examined the inhibitory effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on the contractions of pig coronary arteries. ALA concentration-dependently inhibited the contractions...
We examined the inhibitory effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on the contractions of pig coronary arteries. ALA concentration-dependently inhibited the contractions elicited by U46619 and prostaglandin F without affecting those elicited by 80 mM KCl, histamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. ALA rightward shifted the concentration-response curve of U46619, and Schild plot analysis revealed that ALA competitively antagonized U46619. Furthermore, ALA inhibited the increase in intracellular Ca concentration caused by TP receptor stimulation but not that caused by FP receptor stimulation. These results suggest that ALA behaves as a selective antagonist of TP receptors in coronary arteries.
Topics: Animals; Coronary Vessels; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Swine; 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; Calcium; Receptors, Thromboxane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Dinoprost; Muscle Contraction
PubMed: 38880549
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.06.001 -
The American Journal of Pathology Jun 2024Chorioamnionitis generates prostaglandin (PG) E and F, promoting fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contractions. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin...
Chorioamnionitis generates prostaglandin (PG) E and F, promoting fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contractions. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) contributes to pregnancy maintenance by inactivating PGs. The role of decidual cells in regulating HPGD expression at the maternal-fetal interface was investigated. HPGD immunostaining was primarily detected in anchoring villi and choriodecidual extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) in the first, second, and third trimesters. Chorionic EVTs adjacent to decidua parietalis exhibited significantly higher HPDG levels than those adjacent to amnion. HPGD histologic score levels were significantly lower in choriodecidua from chorioamnionitis versus gestational age-matched controls (means ± SEM, 132.6 ± 3.8 versus 31.2 ± 7.9; P < 0.05). Conditioned media supernatant (CMS) from in vitro decidualized term decidual cells (TDCs) up-regulated HPGD levels in EVTs differentiated from human trophoblastic stem cells, primary trophoblasts, and HTR8/SV cells. However, CMS from 5 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide or 10 ng/mL IL-1β pretreated TDC cultures down-regulated HPGD levels in HTR8/SV cultures. Similarly, direct treatment of HTR8/SV cultures with lipopolysaccharide or IL-1β significantly reduced HPGD levels versus control (0.57 ± 0.1 or 0.47 ± 0.1 versus 1.03 ± 0.03; P < 0.05) but not in TDC-CMS pretreated HTR8/SV cultures. Collectively, the results uncover a novel decidual cell-mediated paracrine mechanism that stimulates levels of trophoblastic HPGD, whose function is to inactivate labor-inducing PGs, thereby promoting uterine quiescence during pregnancy. However, infectious/inflammatory stimuli in decidual cells cause a paracrine inhibition of trophoblastic HPGD expression, increasing PGE/PGF levels, thereby contributing to preterm birth.
PubMed: 38879084
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.005 -
Medicine Jun 2024Diabetes nephropathy (DN), as one of the common complications of diabetes, is characterized by persistent albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and elevated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Diabetes nephropathy (DN), as one of the common complications of diabetes, is characterized by persistent albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and elevated arterial blood pressure. At present, Xuebijing injection is widely used in the treatment of DN. However, few systematic reviews and meta-analysis related to Xuebijing injection intervention in DN were published. In order to more systematically and objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing injection intervention in DN, we conducted systematic reviews and meta-analysis to verify it.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the research was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
METHODS
We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Database (SinoMed), Weipu Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and other databases by computer, and searched the randomized controlled trials of Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil in the treatment of DN at home and abroad from the establishment of the database to 2022. The main outcome indicators included blood glucose, and the secondary outcome indicators included blood lipid, renal function, urinary protein, and safety. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included, including 1233 cases, 618 cases in the treatment group and 615 cases in the control group. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the treatment group could effectively reduce fasting plasma glucose [mean difference [MD] = -1.90, 95% CI (-2.40, -1.40), P < .00001], glycosylated hemoglobin A1c [MD = -2.38, 95% CI (-2.51, -2.25), P < .00001], 2h postprandial blood glucose [MD = -2.92, 95% CI (-3.95, -1.89), P < .00001], triacylglycerol [MD = -1.08, 95% CI (-1.66, -0.50), P = .0003], total cholesterol [MD = -1.17, 95% CI (-1.39, -0.95), P < .00001], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = -1.19, 95% CI (-1.60, -0.78), P < .00001], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.23, 0.42), P < .00001], serum creatinine [MD = -42.95, 95% CI (-57.46, -28.43), P < .00001], blood urea nitrogen [MD = -2.24, 95%CI (-2.62,-1.86), P < .00001], blood β2 microglobulin [SMD = -1.49, 95% CI (-1.70, -1.28), P < .00001], urine β2 microglobulin [SMD = -0.81, 95% CI (-1.04, -0.58), P < .00001], 24-hour urinary protein quantification [MD = -0.20, 95% CI (-0.26, -0.14), P < .00001], urinary albumin excretion rate [SMD = -1.15, 95% CI (-1.38, -0.93), P < .00001].
CONCLUSION
Xuebijing injection combined with alprostadil has more advantages in treating DN compared to routine Western medicine.
Topics: Humans; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Diabetic Nephropathies; Alprostadil; Drug Therapy, Combination; Injections; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Blood Glucose; Treatment Outcome; Lipids
PubMed: 38875385
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032095 -
Medicine Jun 2024Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition that manifests during implantation. Characterized by a constellation of... (Review)
Review
Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition that manifests during implantation. Characterized by a constellation of symptoms, including hypoxemia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and occasionally cardiac arrest, BCIS typically ensues shortly after cement introduction, albeit with rare instances of delayed onset. Primarily attributed to the exothermic reaction of bone cement implantation, this syndrome is caused by local tissue damage, histamine and prostaglandin release, and microemboli formation, ultimately triggering a systemic immune response that culminates in respiratory and circulatory failure. The current hypotheses regarding BCIS include embolism, allergic reactions, and cement autotoxicity. BCIS management emphasizes preventative strategies, encompassing meticulous patient risk assessment, comprehensive preoperative and intraoperative evaluations, and precise cement application techniques. Treatment primarily involves symptomatic therapy and life-support measures to address the systemic effects of the syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Bone Cements; Syndrome; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 38875363
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038624 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) on ileal immune function in broilers under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) on ileal immune function in broilers under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune stress.
METHODS
Two hundred and forty one-day-old male Arbor Acres chicks were randomly divided into four groups (saline, LPS, saline + AEE and LPS + AEE) with six replicates of ten broilers each. The saline group and LPS group were fed the normal diet, while the other two groups received normal diet plus 0.1 g/kg AEE. Broilers in the LPS and LPS + AEE groups were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg B.W LPS in saline for seven consecutive days beginning at 14 days of age, while broilers in the saline and saline + AEE groups were injected with saline only.
RESULTS
The results showed that AEE improved the ileal morphology and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of immune-stressed broilers. LPS-induced immune stress significantly reduced the expression of the genes for the tight junction proteins , zonula occludens-1 (), and , in the ileum, while AEE significantly up-regulated the expression of these genes. Compared with the saline group, the LPS-treated chickens showed significantly increased mRNA expression of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (), interleukin-1β (), interleukin-6 (), interleukin-10 (), cyclooxygenase-2 (), and microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthesase-1 () in the ileum, while they were significantly decreased by AEE supplementation. In addition, analysis of the ileal bacterial composition showed that compared with saline and LPS + AEE groups, the proportion of Firmicutes and in the LPS group was lower, while the proportion of Proteobacteria and was higher. Similarly, Line Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis showed that compared with the LPS group, was dominant in the saline group, while the LPS + AEE group was rich in , , Ruminococcaceae, , , Oscillospiraceae, and .
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 0.1 g/kg AEE could protect the intestinal health by improving the intestinal villus morphology, enhancing the expression of tight junction genes and alleviating inflammation to resist the immune stress caused by LPS stimulation in broilers, and the mechanism may involve -related signal transduction and improved intestinal microbiota composition.
PubMed: 38872795
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1401909 -
IScience Jun 2024Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin and internal organs, including the lung. SSc-associated...
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin and internal organs, including the lung. SSc-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SSc-PF) is the leading cause of death in SSc patients. Pericytes are key regulators of vascular integrity and endothelial function. The role that pericytes play in SSc-PF remains unclear. We compared the transcriptome of pericytes from SSc-PF lungs (SScL) to pericytes from normal lungs (NORML). We identified 1,179 differentially expressed genes in SScL pericytes. Pathways enriched in SScL pericytes included prostaglandin, PI3K-AKT, calcium, and vascular remodeling signaling. Decreased cyclic AMP production and altered phosphorylation of AKT in response to prostaglandin E2 in SScL pericytes demonstrate the functional consequence of changes in the prostaglandin pathway that may contribute to fibrosis. The transcriptomic signature of SSc lung pericytes suggests that they promote vascular dysfunction and contribute to the loss of protection against lung inflammation and fibrosis.
PubMed: 38868196
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110010 -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024The aim was to assess the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples collected from...
BACKGROUND
The aim was to assess the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples collected from individuals with cement-retained and crew-retained implants.
METHODS
In this observational study, participants with cement-retained and screw-retained implants were enrolled. A questionnaire was utilized to gather demographic information and assess the educational background of the participants. Peri-implant modified plaque and bleeding indices, probing depth, and crestal bone loss were measured. Subsequently, PISF samples were collected, and corresponding volumes were recorded. Commercial kits employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to quantify PGE2 levels. The sample size was determined, and group comparisons were conducted using the Student t test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the correlation between PGE2 levels and clinicoradiographic and demographics. The predefined level of significance was established at P < .05.
RESULTS
Sixty-seven participants, consisting of 33 with cement-retained implants and 34 with screw-retained implants, were included in the study. The mean ages for individuals with cement and screw-retained implants were 54.2 ± 8.7 and 58.7 ± 7.4 years, respectively. The majority of participants had completed university-level education. Reportedly, 87.9% and 82.4% of individuals with cement and screw-retained implants, respectively brushed teeth twice daily. No significant differences were observed in clinicoradiographic parameters, PGE2 volume, and levels between cement-retained and screw-retained implants. There was no correlation between PGE2 levels and peri-implant clinicoradiographic parameters among individuals with either cement-retained or screw-retained implants.
CONCLUSIONS
Cement-retained and screw-retained implants exhibit a consistent peri-implant clinicoradiographic status, accompanied by stable levels of PGE2 in PISF provided oral hygiene maintenance regimens are stringently followed.
PubMed: 38866672
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.026