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Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Mar 2020This study aimed to isolate and identify of pathogenic bacteria in tiny freshwater shrimp () and in Kung Ten, which is an unusual Thai cuisine that eaten alive shrimp...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to isolate and identify of pathogenic bacteria in tiny freshwater shrimp () and in Kung Ten, which is an unusual Thai cuisine that eaten alive shrimp directly. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and identification of antibiotic resistance genes for isolated bacteria were conducted.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty of fresh shrimp samples and forty of Kung Ten salads were collected from four fresh markets, which were located in Bangkok and Nonthaburi province ( = 120). The isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test of pathogenic bacteria were done following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were screened for β-lactamase relating genes, such as C ( and genes), , and genes.
RESULTS
The number of bacterial isolates in tiny freshwater shrimp and Kung Ten salad was 136 and 65, respectively. , , , , and were commonly found. Ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, cefuroxime, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance were observed, and common antibiotic-resistant bacteria were , , , and . , , , and were positive for gene; , and genes; and genes; and gene, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Raw or uncooked shrimps in Kung Ten salad may a risk in foodborne diseases due to positive for pathogenic bacterial isolates. However, hygienic control on food preparation is difficult to apply because of the difficulty of changing in local Thai food behavior.
PubMed: 32219114
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g397 -
Microbiological Research Nov 2019Endophytic bacteria isolated from cactus were characterized and assessed for their capability to induce drought tolerance and growth promotion in tomato. A total of...
Endophytic bacteria isolated from cactus were characterized and assessed for their capability to induce drought tolerance and growth promotion in tomato. A total of 191-bacteria representing 13-genera and 18-species were isolated from wild cactus, Euphorbia trigonas. Bacillus (58), Lysinibacillus (36), Enterobacter (29), Stenotrophomonas (18), Lelliottia (12) and Pseudomonas (12) were the most represented genera. 16S rDNA sequence (>1400-bp) comparison placed the bacterial isolates with Bacillus xiamenensis; Bacillus megaterium; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus velezensis; Brevibacillus brevis; Lysinibacillus fusiformis; Enterobacter cloacae; Lelliottia nimipressuralis; Proteus penneri; Sphingobacterium multivorum; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Citrobacter freundii; Chryseobacterium indologenes and Paracoccus sp. Bacillus xiamenensis was identified for the first time as plant endophyte. Upon bacterization, the endophytes triggered germination and growth promotion in tomato as indicated by 118 % and 52 % more root-biomass under drought-free and drought-induced conditions, respectively. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CBa_RA37 and B. megaterium RR10 displayed broad spectrum endophytism in tomato. Bacterization of tomato with cactus endophyte showed altered oxidative status, stomatal and photosystem II functioning, internal leaf temperature and relative water content suggestive of physiological de-stressing from moisture stress. Activity of oxidative stress enzymes such as guaiacol peroxidase and catalase was also indicative of endophyte assisted de-stressing of tomato. Re-irrigation on 20-days of drought infliction showed 86.9% recovery of B. amyloliquefaciens CBa_RA37 primed tomato when non-primed plantlets succumbed. The cactus endophytic bacterial strain B. amyloliquefaciens CBa_RA37 showed promise for low-cost, efficient and environmentally friendly bio-inoculant technology to mitigate drought in arid zones of Asian and African continents.
Topics: Acclimatization; Bacillus; Biomass; Cactaceae; Cameroon; DNA, Ribosomal; Desert Climate; Droughts; Endophytes; Solanum lycopersicum; Phylogeny; Plant Development; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rifamycins; Sequence Analysis; Soil Microbiology; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 31442862
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126302 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019is an ethnic, naturally fermented soybean product consumed in the Sikkim Himalayan region of India. In the present study, the whole metagenome sequencing approach was...
is an ethnic, naturally fermented soybean product consumed in the Sikkim Himalayan region of India. In the present study, the whole metagenome sequencing approach was adopted to examine the microbial diversity and related functional potential of , consumed in different seasons. Firmicutes was the abundant phylum in , ranging from 82.31 to 93.99% in different seasons, followed by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. At the species level, the prevalent microorganisms were , , , , , and . The abundance of microbial species varied significantly in different seasons. Further, the genomic presence of some undesirable microbes like , , , and , were also detected in the specific season. The metagenomic analysis also revealed the existence of bacteriophages belonging to the family , , and . Examination of the metabolic potential of the metagenome depicted information about the biocatalysts, presumably involved in the transformation of protein and carbohydrate polymers into bioactive molecules of health-beneficial effects. The genomic resource of several desirable enzymes was identified, such as β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and glutamate decarboxylase, etc. The catalytic function of a novel glutamate decarboxylase gene was validated for the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The results of the present study highlight the microbial and genomic resources associated with , and its importance in functional food industry.
PubMed: 31428064
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01744 -
Heliyon Dec 2018The objective of the present work was to examine the bacterial flora associated with the oral cavity of Indian cobra and to study their antibiogram.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the present work was to examine the bacterial flora associated with the oral cavity of Indian cobra and to study their antibiogram.
METHODS
Oral swabs, collected from six healthy (4 males and 2 females) adult cobra, were subjected to microbiological examination through differential media. A total of 74 isolates which demonstrated noticeable colony characters were studied with different biochemical tests. The strains that showed distinctive colonies, morphology and biochemical parameters were additionally subjected to phylogenetic characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Further, the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using ICOSA-20-plus and ICOSA-20-minus.
RESULTS
Microscopic examination of the oral cavity of Indian cobra revealed the dominance of Gram-negative bacteria over Gram-positive. The oral microflora constituted of bacteria such as sp. ( A); sp. (); sp. (); ; sp.; sp. (); sp. () sp. (); sp. (); sp.; sp.; sp. ( and ); sp. (); sp. (); sp.; sp. and sp. Most of the isolates were resistant towards antibiotics such as Penicillin, Cefpodoxime, Amoxyclav, Co-Trimoxazole, Ticarcillin, Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid while sensitive towards Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Tobromycin, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline, Novobiocin and Imipenem.
CONCLUSIONS
The secondary complications of the snake bite victims should be managed with appropriate antibiotics after proper examination of the bacterial flora from the wound sites.
PubMed: 30582036
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01008 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2018The new type of core oligosaccharide in 40A and 41 lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by ¹H and C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry...
The new type of core oligosaccharide in 40A and 41 lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by ¹H and C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Core oligosaccharides of both strains were chosen for structural analysis based on the reactivity of LPSs with serum against 40A core oligosaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate. Structural analyses revealed that 40A and 41 LPSs possess an identical core oligosaccharide.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Immune Sera; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oligosaccharides; Proteus penneri; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29495556
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030676 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2018The complete nucleotide sequences of six IMP-4-encoding plasmids recovered from isolates of wildlife origin were characterized. Sequencing data showed that plasmids of...
Characterization of the Complete Nucleotide Sequences of IMP-4-Encoding Plasmids, Belonging to Diverse Inc Families, Recovered from Enterobacteriaceae Isolates of Wildlife Origin.
The complete nucleotide sequences of six IMP-4-encoding plasmids recovered from isolates of wildlife origin were characterized. Sequencing data showed that plasmids of different incompatibility groups (IncM, IncI1, IncF, and nontypeable [including an IncX5_2 and two pPrY2001-like]) carried the -carrying integrons In809 or In1460. Most of the plasmids carried an (A) region, and -like, , and genes. Finally, plasmid analysis revealed the involvement of two different IS- and Tn-associated mechanisms in the mobilization of IMP-4-encoding integrons.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Plasmids
PubMed: 29483121
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02434-17 -
Annals of Medical and Health Sciences... 2016species cause a variety of community- and hospital-acquired illnesses. Synthesis of β-lactamases is the predominant mechanism for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics....
BACKGROUND
species cause a variety of community- and hospital-acquired illnesses. Synthesis of β-lactamases is the predominant mechanism for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Among the β-lactamases, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases are the most common.
AIM
The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases in species among various clinical isolates at a tertiary care hospital, India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was done to identify various species of from clinical samples ( = 3922). Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL production was detected by modified double-disc synergy test and indirect modified three-dimensional tests and AmpC β-lactamase production by AmpC disc test and modified Hodge test.
RESULTS
species were isolated in 5.4% (101/1876) specimens. Three species isolated were 62.4% (63/101), 29.7% (30/101), and 7.9% (8/101). ESBL producers confirmed by both tests were of 88.1% (89/101). Only AmpC β-lactamase was produced by four isolates. Coproduction of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase was observed in 58.4% (52/89) of isolates. Twelve isolates were non-β-lactamase producers. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 95.1% (96/101) of isolates, 50.5% (51/101) were possibly extensively drug resistant and none were pan drug resistant. None of the isolates were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam. isolates exhibited high resistance to most of the antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
A high prevalence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases was found that concurrently showed MDR. Phenotypic methods for the detection of β-lactamases are easy and simple and can be implemented in routine diagnostic laboratories along with susceptibility testing. These data will assist the clinicians in the management and control of infections.
PubMed: 28503342
DOI: 10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_413_15 -
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Dec 2016The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri...
The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri rods produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may lead to the septic shock. Until now, O-specific polysaccharide has been the best structurally and serologically characterized region of P. penneri LPS. It is worth having an insight into the serological specificity of both poly- and oligosaccharide parts of P. penneri LPS. The P. penneri core region is less structurally diverse than OPS, but still, among other enterobacterial LPS core regions, it is characterized by structural variability. In the present study, the serological reactivity of 25 P. penneri LPS core regions was analyzed by ELISA, passive immunohemolysis and Western blot technique using five polyclonal P. penneri antisera after or without their adsorption with the respective LPSs. The results allowed the assignment of the tested strains to five new core serotypes, which together with published serological studies led to the creation of the first serotyping scheme based on LPS core reactivities of 35 P. penneri and three P. mirabilis strains. Together with the O types scheme, it will facilitate assigning Proteus LPSs of clinical isolates into appropriate O and R serotypes.
Topics: Animals; Epitopes; Immune Sera; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus penneri; Rabbits; Serogroup; Serotyping; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 27469376
DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0468-8 -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2016Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into... (Review)
Review
Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Insect Vectors; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Soil Microbiology; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 26748500
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0720-6 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Jan 2016Histamine formation and bacteriological changes caused by temperature abuse commonly occurring in the manufacturing process of standard canned tuna was assessed in...
Histamine formation and bacteriological changes caused by temperature abuse commonly occurring in the manufacturing process of standard canned tuna was assessed in microbiologically challenged tonggol (Thunnus tonggol). The in situ challenge was performed by water-soaking at 26-28 °C for 7 h to ensure the multiplication and active phase of fish microflora. Right after pre-cooking to back-bone temperature (BBT) of 50-52 °C, histamine dropped to 5.17 ± 2.71 ppm, and slowly reached 6.84 ± 1.69 ppm at 16 h abuse. On the contrary, histamine was reduced to 2.87 ± 1.23 ppm and eventually reached 5.01 ± 1.32 ppm at 24 h abuse in the pre-cooked fish previously frozen. The numbers of total aerobic bacteria, Enterobactericeae, psychrotroph, histamine forming bacteria (HFB) and diversity of fish microflora were revealed by cultural and nested PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) techniques. Interestingly, frozen storage effectively halted histamine formation in raw fish throughout 16 h abuse despite the presence of HFB. These included the prolific strains of Morganella morganii, Proteus penneri, Proteus mirabilin, Citrobacter spp. The nested PCR-DGGE profile confirmed the presence of M. morganii and Citrobacter spp. in raw fish. These prolific strains were hardly observed in the precooked fish previously frozen. Frozen storage did not only promote even histamine distribution throughout fish muscle but also enhanced histamine loss during thawing and pre-cooking. Therefore, pre-cooking and frozen storage were proven to be the effective combined hurdles not only to reduce but also prolong histamine formation of the challenged toggol throughout 24 h of temperature abuse during canning process.
PubMed: 26787946
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2042-6