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Genome Announcements Jan 2014Proteus hauseri ZMd44 (CGMCC 6746), as a crucial biodecolorizing, bioelectricity-generating, and copper-resistant bacterium, is distinguished from the urinary pathogens...
Proteus hauseri ZMd44 (CGMCC 6746), as a crucial biodecolorizing, bioelectricity-generating, and copper-resistant bacterium, is distinguished from the urinary pathogens Proteus penneri and Proteus mirabilis. To further investigate the genetic functions of this strain, the genome sequence and annotation of its open reading frames, which consist of 3,875,927 bp (G+C content, 38.12%), are presented here.
PubMed: 24435854
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00992-13 -
Serological studies of Proteus penneri strains determining qualification to appropriate O-serogroup.Polish Journal of Microbiology 2013Our Department of General Microbiology created a wide collection of P. penneri isolates and classified most of them into 19 different O-serogroups. This work describes...
Our Department of General Microbiology created a wide collection of P. penneri isolates and classified most of them into 19 different O-serogroups. This work describes the classification of 12 remaining P. penneri strains. The lipopolysaccharides extracted from P. penneri strains were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with selected O-antisera against Proteus sp. strains. Homologous and cross-reacting systems were checked in: passive immunohemolysis (PIH), inhibition of ELISA and PIH and Western blot procedure. These studies led to the qualification of tested P. penneri strains to five Proteus sp. O-serogroups, thus completing the serological classification of the whole collection.
Topics: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus penneri; Serotyping
PubMed: 24053026
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... 2013Proteus sp. strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) are often insensitive to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (NHS) which poses a...
BACKGROUND
Proteus sp. strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) are often insensitive to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (NHS) which poses a clinical problem. The swarming phenomenon is an especially important factor in cases of UTIs gained through the ascending route. Both these virulence factors are connected with the cell surface components of bacteria, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
OBJECTIVES
The resistance of Proteus bacilli to the bactericidal activity of NHS and the swarming phenomenon were investigated as well as the possible relationships between these virulence factors and the chemical structure of LPS.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research was carried out on P. penneri and P. vulgaris species. Two preparations of sera were tested with respect to the bactericidal action of NHS. The ability of bacteria to swarm was checked on broth agar plates. The length of the O-specific part of LPS was estimated after poliacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and staining with silver nitrate.
RESULTS
Among the 62 tested Proteus strains, over 62% of Proteus vulgaris and 50% of Proteus penneri strains were sensitive to the bactericidal action of NHS. However, the number of resistant strains grew dramatically when serum with blocked complement activation via the alternative pathway was used. From 102 of the Proteus sp. Strains, only few were unable to swarm over the solid surface of the media. The remaining showed diverse ability to translocate.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no definite correlation between the chemical structure of the O-specific chains of lipopolysaccharides and sensitivity or resistance of the Proteus sp. strains to NHS. Also, no significant relationships were found between the length or the chemical structure of the O-specific chains of the bacterial LPSs and the swarming phenomenon.
Topics: Blood Bactericidal Activity; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Locomotion; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri; Proteus vulgaris; Serum Bactericidal Test; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 23709372
DOI: No ID Found -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Mar 2012Indole negative Proteus species are invariably incorrectly identified as P. mirabilis, missing isolates of Proteus penneri. P. penneri is an invasive pathogen capable of...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Indole negative Proteus species are invariably incorrectly identified as P. mirabilis, missing isolates of Proteus penneri. P. penneri is an invasive pathogen capable of causing major infectious diseases still seldom reported in individual cases. We report here the isolation, differentiation, characterization and typing of P. penneri from patients with different clinical infections.
METHODS
Urine, pus and body fluids collected from patients in intensive care units, wards and out patients departments of a tertiary health care institute from north India were cultured. A total of 61 indole negative Proteus isolates were subjected to extended biochemical tests to differentiate and identify P. penneri from P. mirabilis including failure to produce ornithine decarboxylase (by 0% strains of P. penneri and 100% strains of P. mirabilis) besides P. penneri being uniformly salicin negative, non-utilizer of citrate but ferments sucrose and maltose. Antibiograms and Dienes phenomenon were performed to characterize and type P. penneri isolates besides screening for β-lactamase production.
RESULTS
Eight isolates of P. penneri were identified; four from urine, three from abdominal drain-fluid and one from diabetic foot ulcer. P. penneri was isolated as the sole pathogen in all patients having underlying disease; post-operatively. Swarming was not seen in the first strain on primary isolation and was poor in strain-4. All eight isolates were biochemically homologous but multi-drug resistant (MDR) with resistance to 6-8 drugs (up to 12). β-lactamase production was seen in three of five isolates while Dienes phenomenon found four distinct types and discriminated strains differing in resistance even with a single drug.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
A few additional biochemical tests identified P. penneri isolates; it infected patients with underlying disease and strains were MDR and heterogenous.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 22561620
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia Jul 2011
PubMed: 22013265
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.84842 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Feb 2011O-antigen representing the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide is the most variable constituent on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and a player...
Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O109; chemical and genetic evidences of the presence of L-RhaN3N derivatives in the O-antigens of E. coli O109 and O119.
O-antigen representing the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide is the most variable constituent on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and a player in their pathogenicity. The O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O109 was studied by sugar analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and found to contain a rarely occurring monosaccharide, 2,3-diacetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-l-mannose (l-RhaNAc3NAc). The following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established, which is closely related to that of Proteus penneri O66: Ac--4-β-L-RhapNAc3NAc -->4)-α-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-α-L-6dTalp-(1-->3)-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O109 was sequenced and all 14 genes found were assigned functions based on their similarity to genes from the available databases. Putative genes for synthesis of l-RhaN3N were found in E. coli O109 and their homologues in E. coli O119, whose O-antigen has been reported earlier to contain 2-acetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-formamido-d-mannose (d-RhaNAc3NFo). Analysis by GLC of the (S)-2-octyl glycosides confirmed that the absolute configuration of RhaN3N in E. coli O119 should be revised from D TO L.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Gene Order; Mannose; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; O Antigens; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 20964722
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00745.x -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Nov 2008Two Proteus mirabilis strains, 3 B-m and 3 B-k, were isolated from urine and faeces of a hospitalized patient from Lodz, Poland. It was suggested that one strain...
Two Proteus mirabilis strains, 3 B-m and 3 B-k, were isolated from urine and faeces of a hospitalized patient from Lodz, Poland. It was suggested that one strain originated from the other, and the presence of the bacilli in the patient's urinary tract was most probably a consequence of autoinfection. The O-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of P. mirabilis 3 B-m and studied by sugar analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including two-dimensional rotating frame Overhause effect spectroscopy (ROESY) and 1H,13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) experiments. The following structure of the linear trisaccharide-repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established:-->2)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-L-6dTalp2Ac-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->where 6dTal2Ac stands for 2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-L-talose. It resembles the structure of the O-polysaccharide of Proteus penneri O66, which includes additional lateral residues of 2,3-diacetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-mannose. The lipopolysaccharides from two P. mirabilis strains studied were serologically identical to each other but not to that from any of the existing 76 Proteus O-serogroups. Therefore, the strains were classified into a new O77 serogroup specially created in the genus Proteus. Serological studies using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with intact and adsorbed O-antisera showed that the P. mirabilis O77 antigen is related to Proteus vulgaris O2 and P. penneri O68 antigens, and a putative disaccharide epitope responsible for the cross-reactivity was revealed.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; DNA Fingerprinting; Feces; Female; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; O Antigens; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Serotyping; Urine
PubMed: 18665848
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00462.x -
Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae... 2008Proteus penneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core regions are characterized by a greater structural variability than that observed in other Enterobacteriaceae. This fact and...
INTRODUCTION
Proteus penneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core regions are characterized by a greater structural variability than that observed in other Enterobacteriaceae. This fact and the small amount of published data concerning the serological activity of this part of P. penneri LPS prompted an examination of which fragment might determine cross-reactions with antibodies. To date, such epitopes have been found in the LPS core regions of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris strains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Proteus sp. LPSs were tested with unabsorbed rabbit antisera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot, and once again by ELISA or passive immunohemolysis after the absorption of these antisera with selected LPSs.
RESULTS
The serological studies of P. penneri 8 LPS demonstrated antibodies in the tested antisera recognizing a common epitope located in the core regions of six of the LPSs, i.e. P. penneri 8, 34, 133, 7, 14, and 15. Additionally, another type of antibody directed against some fragment of P. penneri 13 and the core regions of other LPSs investigated was observed in one antiserum.
CONCLUSIONS
A distal, trisaccharide fragment of the P. penneri 8 LPS core region is suggested to determine the cross-reactions of the tested antisera with the six P. penneri LPSs.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Blotting, Western; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epitopes; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus penneri; Rabbits
PubMed: 18373243
DOI: 10.1007/s00005-008-0012-7 -
Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae... 2007Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS) is an important potential virulence factor of Proteus rods. The serological specificity of the bacteria is defined by the structure...
INTRODUCTION
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS) is an important potential virulence factor of Proteus rods. The serological specificity of the bacteria is defined by the structure of the O-polysaccharide chain (O-antigen) of the LPS. Until now, 76 O-serogroups have been differentiated among Proteus strains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
LPSs were isolated from Proteus mirabilis TG 83, TG 319, and CCUG 10700 (OA) strains by phenol/water extraction. Antisera were raised by immunization of rabbits with heat-killed bacteria. Serological investigations were performed using enzyme immunosorbent assay, passive immunohemolysis, inhibition of both assays, absorption of antisera, and Western blot.
RESULTS
The cross-reactive epitope shared by these strains and P. penner O72a,O72b is located on the O-polysaccharide and is most likely associated with an alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->6)-beta-D-GalpNAc disaccharide fragment. The serological data indicated the occurrence of two core types in the LPSs studied, one characteristic for P. mirabilis TG 319 and CCUG 10700 (OA) and the other for P. mirabilis TG 83 and O57.
CONCLUSIONS
The serological and structural data showed that P. mirabilis TG 83, TG 319, CCUG 10700 (OA), and O57 have the same O-antigen structure and could be qualified to the Proteus O57 serogroup.
Topics: Animals; O Antigens; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus penneri; Rabbits; Serologic Tests
PubMed: 18219766
DOI: 10.1007/s00005-007-0040-8 -
Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae... 2007Proteus rods are currently subdivided into five named species, i.e. Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri, P. hauseri, and P. myxofaciens, and three unnamed Proteus...
INTRODUCTION
Proteus rods are currently subdivided into five named species, i.e. Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. penneri, P. hauseri, and P. myxofaciens, and three unnamed Proteus genomospecies 4 to 6. Based on the serospecificity of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS; O-antigen), strains of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris were divided into 49 O-serogroups and 11 additional O-serogroups were proposed later. About 15 further O-serogroups have been proposed for the third medically important species, P. penneri. Here the serological classification of P. vulgaris strain TG 251, which does not belong to these serogroups, is reported. Serological investigations also allowed characterization of the epitope specificity of its LPS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Purified LPSs from five Proteus strains were used as antigens in enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA), SDS/PAGE, and Western blot and alkali-treated LPSs in the passive immunohemolysis (PIH) test, inhibition of PIH and EIA, and absorption of the rabbit polyclonal O-antisera with the respective LPS.
RESULTS
The serological studies of P. vulgaris TG 251 LPS indicated the identity of its O-polysaccharide with that of P. penneri O65. The antibody specificities of P. vulgaris TG 251 and P. penneri O65 O-antisera, were described.
CONCLUSIONS
P. vulgaris TG 251 was classified to the Proteus O65 serogroup. Two disaccharide-associated epitopes present in P. vulgaris TG 251 and P. penneri O65 LPSs are suggested to be responsible for cross-reactions with three heterologous Proteus strains.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Cross Reactions; Epitopes; Lipopolysaccharides; O Antigens; Proteus penneri; Proteus vulgaris; Serotyping
PubMed: 17557147
DOI: 10.1007/s00005-007-0020-z