-
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2024Here, we report the draft genome sequences of strains zfem001-005, five isolates from the intestinal microbiota of healthy larval zebrafish at a developmental age of 7...
Here, we report the draft genome sequences of strains zfem001-005, five isolates from the intestinal microbiota of healthy larval zebrafish at a developmental age of 7 days post fertilization. The isolates have been identified as , , , , and , respectively.
PubMed: 38376340
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00934-23 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2024The contamination of fresh surface waters poses a significant burden on human health and prosperity, especially in marginalized communities with limited resources and...
OBJECTIVES
The contamination of fresh surface waters poses a significant burden on human health and prosperity, especially in marginalized communities with limited resources and inadequate infrastructure. Here, we performed in-depth genomic analyses of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR-B) isolated from Al-Oueik river water that is used for irrigation of agricultural fields in a disenfranchised area that also hosts a makeshift Syrian refugee camp.
METHODS
A composite freshwater sample was filtered. Faecal coliforms were counted and extended spectrum cephalosporins and/or ertapenem resistant bacteria were screened. Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS and analysed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the resistome, sequence types, plasmid types, and virulence genes.
RESULTS
Approximately 10 CFU/100 mL of faecal coliforms were detected in the water. Four drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were identified, namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Pseudomonas otitidis. Notably, the E. coli isolate harboured bla and a YRIN-inserted PBP3, representing an emerging public health challenge. The K. pneumoniae isolate carried bla as well as mutations in the gene encoding the OmpK37 porin. Enterobacter hormaechei and P. otitidis harboured bla and bla, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This report provides comprehensive genomic analyses of MDR-B in irrigation water in Lebanon. Our results further support that irrigation water contaminated with faecal material can be a reservoir of important MDR-B, which can spread to adjacent agricultural fields and other water bodies, posing both public health and food safety issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement effective water quality monitoring and management programs to control the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in irrigation water in Lebanon.
Topics: Humans; Escherichia coli; Rivers; Enterobacter; Plasmids; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Gram-Negative Bacteria
PubMed: 38154747
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.016 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Dec 2023Pseudomonas otitidis belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and causes various infections, including ear, skin, and soft tissue infections. P. otitidis has a unique... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pseudomonas otitidis belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and causes various infections, including ear, skin, and soft tissue infections. P. otitidis has a unique susceptibility profile, being susceptible to penicillins and cephalosporins but resistant to carbapenems, due to the production of the metallo-β-lactamase called POM-1. This revealed genetic similarities with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can sometimes lead to misidentification.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 70-year-old Japanese male who developed cellulitis and bacteremia during chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. He was initially treated with meropenem, but blood culture later revealed gram-negative bacilli identified as P. otitidis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Carbapenem resistance was predicted from previous reports; therefore, we switched to dual therapy with levofloxacin and cefepime, and favorable treatment results were obtained.
CONCLUSION
This is the first reported case of P. otitidis cellulitis and bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient. Carbapenems are typically used in immunocompromised patients and P. otitidis is often resistant to it. However, its biochemical properties are similar to those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; therefore, its accurate identification is critical. In the present study, we rapidly identified P. otitidis using MALDI-TOF MS and switched from carbapenems to an appropriate antimicrobial therapy, resulting in a successful outcome.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Pseudomonas; Carbapenems; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bacteremia; Immunocompromised Host; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 38110897
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08919-0 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022is a rare and unique species among the genus that has not been previously reported as a cause of male genitourinary tract infection. In this report, we describe a case...
is a rare and unique species among the genus that has not been previously reported as a cause of male genitourinary tract infection. In this report, we describe a case of a 20-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with recurrent epididymo-orchitis, which was initially misidentified as Vibrio vulnificus and treated successfully. The causative agent could not be identified appropriately using the available routine methods, but a final identification was established using 16S rRNA targeted sequencing followed by whole-genome sequencing.
PubMed: 36558809
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121475 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jan 2023Nafion by-product 2 (Nafion BP2), an emerging fluorinated sulfonic acid commonly used in polymer electrolyte membrane technologies, has been detected in various...
Nafion by-product 2 (Nafion BP2), an emerging fluorinated sulfonic acid commonly used in polymer electrolyte membrane technologies, has been detected in various environmental and human matrices. To date, however, few studies have explored its toxicity. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to Nafion BP2 at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 mg/L from fertilization to 120 post-fertilization (hpf), and multiple developmental parameters (survival rate, hatching rate, and malformation rate) were then determined. Results showed that Nafion BP2 exposure led to a significant decrease in survival and hatching rates and an increase in malformations. The half maximal effective concentration (EC) of Nafion BP2 for malformation at 120 hpf was 55 mg/L, which is higher than the globally important contaminant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 6 mg/L). Furthermore, exposure to Nafion BP2 resulted in additional types of malformations compared to PFOS exposure. Pathologically, Nafion BP2 caused abnormal early foregut development, with exfoliation of intestinal mucosa, damage to lamina propria, and aberrant proliferation of lamina propria cells. Nitric oxide content also decreased markedly. In addition, embryos showed an inflammatory response following Nafion BP2 exposure, with significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors C4 and IL-6. Acidic mucin in the hindgut increased more than two-fold. 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed a marked increase in the pathogen Pseudomonas otitidis. Furthermore, pathways involved in intestinal protein digestion and absorption, inflammatory response, and immune response were significantly altered. Our findings suggest that the intestine is a crucial toxicity target of Nafion BP2 in zebrafish, thus highlighting the need to evaluate its health risks.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Fluorocarbon Polymers; Homeostasis; Intestines; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 36508837
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114368 -
3 Biotech Mar 2022Production of biosurfactant by a novel indigenous isolate strain DU13 and its role in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon is reported. The identity of the isolate...
Production of biosurfactant by a novel indigenous isolate strain DU13 and its role in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon is reported. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis (Genbank accession: MK177190). The biosurfactant produced by the isolate could reduce the surface tension of petroleum supplemented medium by 46% just after 7 days of treatment. The emulsification index ( ) of the surfactant was found 37, 35, and 20%, respectively, against used motor oil, diesel, and kerosene. The FTIR spectrum of the crude biosurfactant showed the presence of υ stretch, υ υ stretch and υ bonding. The isolated strain could degrade 26% of TPH content of used motor oil in liquid culture. Whereas, ex situ pilot-scale field trial demonstrated very high bioremediation potential of the isolate in terms of germination rate of and seeds and plant growth just after 20 days of treatment.
PubMed: 35223354
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03133-2 -
Biologia 2022Aquaculture is a highly productive and fast-growing agricultural sector. The occurrence of epidemic or sporadic disease outbreak is a major limiting factor in this...
Aquaculture is a highly productive and fast-growing agricultural sector. The occurrence of epidemic or sporadic disease outbreak is a major limiting factor in this sector, thus better alternatives are the need of the hour. Use of indigenous probiotics is a promising strategy to control infectious diseases. Thus, the present study was aimed to screen and characterize potent indigenous probiotics from marine fish, towards enhancing sustainable aquaculture production. Totally 347 bacterial isolates were obtained from gastrointestinal tract, out of these, four isolates (KAF121, 124, 135, 136) were confirmed as potent probiotics in terms of biosafety, highly resistant to acidic pH, gastric juice, bile salt, high hydrophobicity to solvents, auto and co-aggregation potential. These four isolates also exhibited virtuous antioxidant activity. Further the isolates, KAF124 and 135 proved their efficiency in growth and survival of fish after challenged againt . The isolates were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence and the data were submitted to Genbank as KAF121 (MH393516) KAF124 (MH393226) KAF135 (MH393230) and KAF136 (MH393230). The results conclude that two isolates, KAF124 and KAF135 are highly safe and potent probiotics which are first time isolated from the marine fish The two strains could be used as better alternatives to antibiotics and other chemical-based drugs to prevent/control infectious diseases in aquaculture.
PubMed: 35034969
DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00957-w -
Biotechnologia 2021Melanin finds enormous applications in different industries for its unique photoprotective and anti-oxidant properties. Due to its emerging demand, scientific...
BACKGROUND
Melanin finds enormous applications in different industries for its unique photoprotective and anti-oxidant properties. Due to its emerging demand, scientific researchers are putting efforts to unravel more microorganisms with a potential of producing melanin on large scale. Hence, the present study was aimed at the isolation of extracellular melanin producing microorganisms from lime quarries of Karnataka, India. Besides this, the tyrosinase gene governing melanin synthesis in different organisms were compared to understand its evolutionary aspects.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Melanin producing microorganisms were screened on tyrosine gelatin beef extract agar medium. Potential isolate was explored for submerged production of melanin in broth containing L-tyrosine. Melanin was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, thin layer and high performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Antibacterial activity of melanin was performed by agar well assay. Comparative tyrosinase gene sequence analysis was performed by using Geneious 2021.1 trial version software.
RESULTS
DDB2 was found to be potential for melanin production. No antibacterial activity was exerted by the melanin against tested pathogens. The studies showed that the common central domain of tyrosinase protein sequence of selected sps. exhibited 100% identity with the common central domain of tyrosinase (NP_000363.1).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows the production of melanin in good quantities by the isolate DDB2 which can be explored for scale-up process. Since the melanin formed is of eumelanin type and the tyrosinase gene sequence of several sp. showed relatedness to humans, this molecule may be further developed for sunscreen formulations.
PubMed: 36605604
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2021.111106 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2021Pseudomonas otitidis is a novel species of Pseudomonas bacteria that has been isolated from patients with otic infections. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pseudomonas otitidis is a novel species of Pseudomonas bacteria that has been isolated from patients with otic infections.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this report, we describe a case of a 59-year-old known with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonia where blood cultures revealed the growth of P. otitidis.
CONCLUSIONS
This case describes the first report of bacteraemia to P. otitidis and raises questions regarding the misdiagnosis and underestimation of the incidence of infections caused by this novel pathogen.
Topics: Bacteremia; Humans; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Pseudomonas; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
PubMed: 34433417
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06569-8 -
Microorganisms Jun 2021The rhizobacterium AVO110 exhibits antagonism toward the phytopathogenic fungus . This strain efficiently colonizes hyphae and is able to feed on their exudates. Here,...
The rhizobacterium AVO110 exhibits antagonism toward the phytopathogenic fungus . This strain efficiently colonizes hyphae and is able to feed on their exudates. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of AVO110. The phylogeny of all available genomes separates environmental isolates, including AVO110, from those obtained from infected human blood and oyster tissues, which cluster together with . Core and pan-genome analyses showed that strains encode highly heterogenic gene pools, with the AVO110 genome encoding the largest and most exclusive variable region (~1.6 Mb, 1795 genes). The AVO110 singletons include a wide repertoire of genes related to biofilm formation, several of which are transcriptionally modulated by exudates. One of these genes () encodes a GGDEF/EAL domain protein specific to spp. strains isolated primarily from the rhizosphere of diverse plants, but also from soil and water samples. We also show that CmpA has a role in biofilm formation and that the integrity of its EAL domain is involved in this function. This study contributes to a better understanding of the niche-specific adaptations and lifestyles of , including the mycophagous behavior of strain AVO110.
PubMed: 34202389
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071388