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Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Heavy-ion irradiation seriously perturbs cellular homeostasis and thus damages cells. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in the pathological process...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Heavy-ion irradiation seriously perturbs cellular homeostasis and thus damages cells. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in the pathological process of radiation damage. Protecting ECs from heavy-ion radiation is of great significance in the radioprotection of normal tissues. In this study, the radioprotective effect of β-D-glucan (BG) derived from on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (EA.hy926) cytotoxicity produced by carbon-ion irradiation was examined and the probable mechanism was established.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
EA.hy926 cells were divided into seven groups: a control group; 1, 2, or 4 Gy radiation; and 10 μg/mL BG pretreatment for 24 h before 1, 2, or 4 Gy irradiation. Cell survival was assessed by colony formation assay. Cell cycles, apoptosis, DNA damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured through flow cytometry. The level of malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities were analyzed using assay kits. The activation of NF-κB was analyzed using western blotting and a transcription factor assay kit. The expression of downstream target genes was detected by western blotting.
RESULTS
BG pretreatment significantly increased the survival of irradiated cells, improved cell cycle progression, and decreased DNA damage and apoptosis. The levels of ROS and malondialdehyde were also decreased by BG. Further study indicated that BG increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, activated Src, and promoted NF-κB activation, especially for the p65, p50, and RelB subunits. The activated NF-κB upregulated the expression of antioxidant protein MnSOD, DNA damage-response and repair-related proteins BRCA2 and Hsp90α, and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2.
CONCLUSION
Our results demonstrated that BG protects EA.hy926 cells from high linear-energy-transfer carbon-ion irradiation damage through the upregulation of prosurvival signaling triggered by the interaction of BG with its receptor. This confirms that BG is a promising radioprotective agent for heavy-ion exposure.
Topics: Humans; NF-kappa B; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; DNA Damage; Reactive Oxygen Species; beta-Glucans; Radiation-Protective Agents
PubMed: 38813508
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5731 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in a variety of products, including sunscreens, paints, and ceramics. However, their increasing use has raised concerns...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in a variety of products, including sunscreens, paints, and ceramics. However, their increasing use has raised concerns about their potential health risks. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been shown to have the ability to enter the bloodstream and accumulate in various tissues, reaching the fetus via the placenta. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on a human embryonic lung cell line (HEL 299/An1) and the formation of oxidative DNA damage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The cytotoxic effects of brookite-based titanium dioxide nanoparticles (<100 nm) were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for 24 and 48 h. Cell titanium levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring the levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker.
RESULTS
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HEL 299/An1 cells. The IC values were 25.93 μM and 0.054 μM after 24 h and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Cell titanium levels were found to be 25,967 ppb after 24 h and 210,353 ppb after 48 h (p < 0.01). 8-OHdG was detected at 32.96 ng/mL after 24 h of exposure and 17.89 ng/mL after 48 h of exposure.
CONCLUSION
In our study, it was shown that titanium nanoparticles caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in human embryonic lung cells. The nanoparticles also accumulated in cells and were taken up in higher amounts after 48 h of exposure. These findings suggest that titanium dioxide nanoparticles may pose a health risk, especially for pregnant women who may not be aware of their pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to take preventive measures to reduce exposure to these nanoparticles.
Topics: Titanium; Humans; DNA Damage; Cell Line; Lung; Oxidative Stress; Nanoparticles; 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Cell Survival; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38813501
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5733 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Although the effectiveness of pentoxifylline (PF) as a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase to enhance sperm motility through increasing cyclic nucleotide in cases...
INTRODUCTION
Although the effectiveness of pentoxifylline (PF) as a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase to enhance sperm motility through increasing cyclic nucleotide in cases of absolute asthenozoospermia has been demonstrated for ICSI, data related to babies born from the PF-ICSI are still severely lacking. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential embryotoxicity of PF due to the controversial results obtained from the analysis of this compound on animal embryo development. This study aimed to determine whether the application of PF to trigger frozen-thawed TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) spermatozoa increases the risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes compared with non-PF frozen-thawed TESA ICSI and conventional ICSI using fresh ejaculation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 5438 patients were analyzed in this study, including 240 patients underwent PF-TESA ICSI (ICSI using PF triggered frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa), 101 patients underwent non-PF TESA ICSI (ICSI using frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa) and 5097 patients underwent conventional ICSI using fresh ejaculation. Propensity score matching was executed to control the various characteristics of patients.
RESULTS
No significant differences in pregnancy outcomes were observed among the three groups (PF-TESA ICSI, non-PF TESA ICSI and conventional ICSI), including biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, implantation, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and live birth, following propensity score matching. Additionally, neonatal outcomes were found to be similar among the three groups, with no statistical differences observed in the birth defect, birth weight, gestational age, preterm birth, and early-neonatal death.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
PF-ICSI may be an alternative treatment in patients using frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa, resulting in comparable pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Pentoxifylline; Pregnancy; Female; Male; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Adult; Pregnancy Outcome; Spermatozoa; Cryopreservation; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy Rate; Sperm Retrieval; Retrospective Studies; Semen Preservation
PubMed: 38812814
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1364285 -
BMC Plant Biology May 2024The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Enterobacter sp. and the evaluation of their antimicrobial and copper stress (Cu)-reducing capabilities in...
Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles by Enterobacter sp.: unveiling characterization, antimicrobial potency, and alleviation of copper stress in Vicia faba (L.) plants.
BACKGROUND
The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Enterobacter sp. and the evaluation of their antimicrobial and copper stress (Cu)-reducing capabilities in Vicia faba (L.) plants. The green-synthesized ZnO NPs were validated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD); Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. ZnO NPs could serve as an improved bactericidal agent for various biological applications. as well as these nanoparticles used in alleviating the hazardous effects of copper stress on the morphological and physiological traits of 21-day-old Vicia faba (L.) plants.
RESULTS
The results revealed that different concentrations of ZnO NPs (250, 500, or 1000 mg L) significantly alleviated the toxic effects of copper stress (100 mM CuSO) and increased the growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), and pigments (Chlorophyll a and b) contents in Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Furthermore, applying high concentration of ZnO NPs (1000 mg L) was the best dose in maintaining the levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and POX), total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins, phenolic and flavonoid in all Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Additionally, contents of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) were significantly suppressed in response to high concentrations of ZnO NPs (1000 mg L) in all Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Also, it demonstrates strong antibacterial action (0.9 mg/ml) against various pathogenic microorganisms.
CONCLUSIONS
The ZnO NPs produced in this study demonstrated the potential to enhance plant detoxification and tolerance mechanisms, enabling plants to better cope with environmental stress. Furthermore, these nanoparticles could serve as an improved bactericidal agent for various biological applications.
Topics: Vicia faba; Zinc Oxide; Copper; Enterobacter; Metal Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry Technology; Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Stress, Physiological; Antioxidants; Seedlings
PubMed: 38811913
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05150-0 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024The aims of this study were to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sun exposure and sun protection among the population of Kazakhstan.
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sun exposure and sun protection among the population of Kazakhstan.
METHOD
A cross sectional study was conducted by administering an online questionnaire via social networking sites to residents of Kazakhstan. The questionnaire was designed to determine demographic information as well as knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sun exposure and sun protection.
RESULT
The responses of 249 participants were analysed. Descriptive tests, bivariate analyses, and multiple linear regression were used to statistically analyse the data. The mean age of the participants was 31.7 ± 11.5 (SD) years. Most participants were of Kazakh nationality (88.7%), female (71.0 %), urban residents (93.9 %), and possessed higher education degrees (88.0 %). The level of knowledge and attitudes were found to be moderate amongst the population whilst practices were determined to be low. Knowledge (p=0.002), attitudes (p=0.002), female gender (p=0.002), and having children educated in school about sun safety (p=0.018) were significantly associated with improved sun-protective practices.
CONCLUSION
This study has demonstrated low adoption of sun protective practices in the Kazakhstan population, despite the identification of certain characteristics associated with higher rates of practice.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Adult; Kazakhstan; Sunlight; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sunscreening Agents; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Follow-Up Studies; Health Behavior; Adolescent; Prognosis
PubMed: 38809640
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1681 -
PloS One 2024The examination of photocatalyst powders for the total removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions is a vital research subject within the realm of environmental...
The examination of photocatalyst powders for the total removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions is a vital research subject within the realm of environmental preservation. The objective of this study is to develop a photocatalyst heterojunction consisting of Zingiber/ZnO-H for the degradation of both the reactive red dye (RR 141) and ofloxacin antibiotic in wastewater. The current investigation outlines the process of synthesising a composite material by combining Zingiber montanum extract with zinc oxide (ZnO) by a hydrothermal method. The synthesis was conducted at a temperature of 180°C for a period of 4 hours. Consequently. The photocatalyst with a constructed heterojunction shown a notable enhancement in its photocatalytic activity as a result of the improved efficiency in charge separation at the interface. The application of economically viable solar energy facilitated the complete eradication of harmful pollutants through the process of detoxification. The removal of impurities occurs by a process that follows a first-order kinetics. Among the pollutants, RR141 demonstrates the greatest rate constant at 0.02 min-1, while ofloxacin has a rate constant of 0.01 min-1. The assessment of the stability of the produced photocatalyst was conducted after undergoing five cycles. This study additionally investigated the influence of sunshine on degradation, uncovering degradation rates of 97% for RR141 and 99% for ofloxacin when exposed to UV Lamp, and degradation rates of 97% for RR141 and 95% for ofloxacin when exposed to Solar Light.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Ofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Photolysis; Azo Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Catalysis; Kinetics
PubMed: 38805514
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300402 -
Nutrients May 2024Recent interest in preventing the development of osteoporosis has focused on the regulation of redox homeostasis. However, the action of lycopene (LYC), a strong natural...
Recent interest in preventing the development of osteoporosis has focused on the regulation of redox homeostasis. However, the action of lycopene (LYC), a strong natural antioxidant compound, on osteoporotic bone loss remains largely unknown. Here, we show that oral administration of LYC to OVX rats for 12 weeks reduced body weight gain, improved lipid metabolism, and preserved bone quality. In addition, LYC treatment inhibited ROS overgeneration in serum and bone marrow in OVX rats, and in BMSCs upon HO stimulation, leading to inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting osteogenesis during bone remodeling. At the molecular level, LYC improved bone quality via an increase in the expressions of FoxO1 and Runx2 and a decrease in the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα in OVX rats and BMSCs. Collectively, these findings suggest that LYC attenuates osteoporotic bone loss through promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis via regulation of the FoxO1/PPARγ pathway driven by oxidative stress, presenting a novel strategy for osteoporosis management.
Topics: Animals; Osteogenesis; Adipogenesis; Lycopene; PPAR gamma; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Female; Ovariectomy; Signal Transduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Osteoporosis; Oxidative Stress; Forkhead Box Protein O1; Antioxidants; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38794681
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101443 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024This work presents an overview of the reports on the bacterial cell photocatalytic destruction and mineralization process in the presence of TiO-based photocatalysts.... (Review)
Review
This work presents an overview of the reports on the bacterial cell photocatalytic destruction and mineralization process in the presence of TiO-based photocatalysts. The presented research included experiments conducted in air and water. Numerous works confirmed that a photocatalytic process with TiO led to bacteria and their organic residues' mineralization. Additionally, based on the obtained results, a possible two-stage mechanism of photocatalytic mineralization in the presence of TiO-based materials was proposed. To help future studies, challenges of photocatalytic microorganism mineralization are also proposed. There are some aspects that need to be addressed, such as the lack of standardization of conducted research or relatively small amount of research on photocatalytic microorganism mineralization. According to our best knowledge, in the available literature, no work regarding a summary of previous research on photocatalytic bacterial mineralization process was found.
Topics: Titanium; Catalysis; Bacteria; Photochemical Processes
PubMed: 38792082
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102221 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Overly fast corrosion degradation of biodegradable magnesium alloys has been a major problem over the last several years. The development of protective coatings by using...
Overly fast corrosion degradation of biodegradable magnesium alloys has been a major problem over the last several years. The development of protective coatings by using biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic material such as chitosan ensures a reduction in the rate of corrosion of Mg alloys in simulated body fluids. In this study, chitosan/TiO nanocomposite coating was used for the first time to hinder the corrosion rate of Mg19Zn1Ca alloy in Hank's solution. The main goal of this research is to investigate and explain the corrosion degradation mechanism of Mg19Zn1Ca alloy coated by nanocomposite chitosan-based coating. The chemical composition, structural analyses, and corrosion tests were used to evaluate the protective properties of the chitosan/TiO coating deposited on the Mg19Zn1Ca substrate. The chitosan/TiO coating slows down the corrosion rate of the magnesium alloy by more than threefold (3.6 times). The interaction of TiO (NPs) with the hydroxy and amine groups present in the chitosan molecule cause their uniform distribution in the chitosan matrix. The chitosan/TiO coating limits the contact of the substrate with Hank's solution.
Topics: Chitosan; Titanium; Alloys; Corrosion; Magnesium; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Zinc; Materials Testing; Calcium; Nanocomposites
PubMed: 38791360
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105313 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Hybrid nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in biomedicine because of their fascinating characteristics and wide range of applications in targeted drug...
Hybrid nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in biomedicine because of their fascinating characteristics and wide range of applications in targeted drug delivery, antibacterial activity, and cancer treatment. This study developed a gelatin-coated Titanium oxide/palladium (TiO/Pd) hybrid nanomaterial to enhance the antibacterial and anticancer capabilities. Morphological and structural analyses were conducted to characterize the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial. The surface texture of the hybrid nanomaterials was examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The FE-SEM image revealed the bulk of the spherically shaped particles and the aggregated tiny granules. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed Ti, Pd, C, and O. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the gelatin-coated TiO/Pd to be in the anatase form. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examined the interactions among the gelatin-coated TiO/Pd nanoparticles. The gelatin-coated TiO/Pd nanomaterials exhibited high antibacterial activity against (22 mm) and (17 mm) compared to individual nanoparticles, confirming the synergistic effect. More importantly, the gelatin-coated TiO/Pd hybrid nanomaterial exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effects on A549 lung cancer cells which shows a linear increase with the concentration of the nanomaterial. The hybrid nanomaterials displayed higher toxicity to cancer cells than the nanoparticles alone. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells was verified by the generation of reactive oxygen species and nuclear damage. Therefore, gelatin-coated TiO/Pd nanomaterials have potential uses in treating cancer and bacterial infections.
Topics: Titanium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Gelatin; Palladium; Escherichia coli; Nanostructures; A549 Cells; Bacillus subtilis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; X-Ray Diffraction; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38791348
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105308