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Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Jul 2024Alterations in microbiota composition have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. Patients with adenomyosis present immune dysregulation leading to a persistent... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Alterations in microbiota composition have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. Patients with adenomyosis present immune dysregulation leading to a persistent chronic inflammatory response. In this context, the hypothesis that alterations in the microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, by affecting the epigenetic, immunologic, and biochemical functions of the host, has recently been postulated. The aim of the present study was to compare the microbiota composition in the vagina, endometrium, and gut of individuals with and without adenomyosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Cross-sectional study including 38 adenomyosis patients and 46 controls, performed between September 2021 and October 2022 in a university hospital-based research center. The diagnosis of adenomyosis was based on sonographic criteria. Fecal, vaginal, and endometrial samples were collected. Study of the microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Patients with adenomyosis exhibited a significant reduction in the gut microbial alpha diversity compared with healthy controls (Chao1 p = 0.012, Fisher p = 0.005, Observed species p = 0.005). Beta-diversity analysis showed significant differences in the compositions of both gut and vaginal microbiota between adenomyosis patients and the control group (Adonis p-value = 0.001; R = 0.03 and Adonis p-value = 0.034; R = 0.04 respectively). Specific bacterial taxa were found to be either overrepresented (Rhodospirillales, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Ruminococcaceae, and Actinomyces) or underrepresented in the gut and endometrial microbiota of adenomyosis patients compared with controls. Distinct microbiota profiles were identified among patients with internal and external adenomyosis phenotypes.
CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed reduced gut microbiota diversity in adenomyosis patients, accompanied by distinct compositions in gut and vaginal microbiota compared with controls. Overrepresented or underrepresented bacterial taxa were noted in the gut and endometrial microbiota of adenomyosis patients, with variations in microbiota profiles among those with internal and external adenomyosis phenotypes. These findings suggest a potential association between microbiota and adenomyosis, indicating the need for further research to comprehensively understand the implications of these differences.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adenomyosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Vagina; Endometrium; Middle Aged; Case-Control Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38661227
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14847 -
BMC Plant Biology Apr 2024Water stress is a major danger to crop yield, hence new approaches to strengthen plant resilience must be developed. To lessen the negative effects of water stress on...
BACKGROUND
Water stress is a major danger to crop yield, hence new approaches to strengthen plant resilience must be developed. To lessen the negative effects of water stress on wheat plants, present study was arranged to investigate the role of synergistic effects of biochar, trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR), and Azospirillum brasilense on soil improvement and enzymatic activity in water-stressed wheat.
RESULTS
In a three-replication experiment comprising of four treatments (T: Control, T: Drought stress (DS), T: DS + t-ZR with biochar, T: DS + A. brasilense with biochar), we observed notable improvements in soil quality and enzymatic activities in water-stressed wheat plants with the application of t-ZR and A. brasilense with biochar. In drought stress, Treatment having the application of A. brasilense with biochar performs best as compared to the other and significant increased the enzymatic activities such as peroxidase (7.36%), catalase (8.53%), superoxide dismutase (6.01%), polyphenol oxidase (14.14%), and amylase (16.36%) in wheat plants. Different enzymatic activities showed different trends of results. Soil organic C, dissolved organic C, dissolved organic N also enhanced 29.46%, 8.59%, 22.70% respectively with the application of A. brasilense with biochar under drought stress condition.
CONCLUSIONS
The synergistic action of A. brasilense and biochar creates an effective microbiological environment that supports essential plant physiological processes during drought stress. This enhancement is attributed to improved soil fertility and increased organic matter content, highlighting the potential of these novel strategies in mitigating water stress effects and enhancing crop resilience.
Topics: Triticum; Azospirillum brasilense; Charcoal; Soil; Dehydration; Droughts
PubMed: 38654167
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05038-z -
Chinese Medicine Apr 2024Danggui Sini decoction (DSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has the function of nourishing blood, warming meridians, and unblocking collaterals. Our clinical...
Danggui Sini decoction alleviates oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy by regulating gut microbiota and potentially relieving neuroinflammation related metabolic disorder.
BACKGROUND
Danggui Sini decoction (DSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has the function of nourishing blood, warming meridians, and unblocking collaterals. Our clinical and animal studies had shown that DSD can effectively protect against oxaliplatin (OXA)-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN), but the detailed mechanisms remain uncertain. Multiple studies have confirmed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of OIPN. In this study, the potential mechanism of protective effect of DSD against OIPN by regulating gut microbiota was investigated.
METHODS
The neuroprotective effects of DSD against OIPN were examined on a rat model of OIPN by determining mechanical allodynia, biological features of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) as well as proinflammatory indicators. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was characterized using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and metabolism disorders were evaluated using untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Moreover the gut microbiota mediated mechanisms were validated by antibiotic intervention and fecal microbiota transplantation.
RESULTS
DSD treatment significantly alleviated OIPN symptoms by relieving mechanical allodynia, preserving DRG integrity and reducing proinflammatory indicators lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-6 and TNF-α. Besides, DSD restored OXA induced intestinal barrier disruption, gut microbiota dysbiosis as well as systemic metabolic disorders. Correlation analysis revealed that DSD increased bacterial genera such as Faecalibaculum, Allobaculum, Dubosiella and Rhodospirillales_unclassified were closely associated with neuroinflammation related metabolites, including positively with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0), and negatively with pi-methylimidazoleacetic acid, L-glutamine and homovanillic acid. Meanwhile, antibiotic intervention apparently relieved OIPN symptoms. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation further confirmed the mediated effects of gut microbiota.
CONCLUSION
DSD alleviates OIPN by regulating gut microbiota and potentially relieving neuroinflammation related metabolic disorder.
PubMed: 38584284
DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00929-7 -
Cell Reports Apr 2024Microbial invasions underlie host-microbe interactions resulting in pathogenesis and probiotic colonization. In this study, we explore the effects of the microbiome on...
Microbial invasions underlie host-microbe interactions resulting in pathogenesis and probiotic colonization. In this study, we explore the effects of the microbiome on microbial invasion in Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that gut microbes Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Acetobacter tropicalis improve survival and lead to a reduction in microbial burden during infection. Using a microbial interaction assay, we report that L. plantarum inhibits the growth of invasive bacteria, while A. tropicalis reduces this inhibition. We further show that inhibition by L. plantarum is linked to its ability to acidify its environment via lactic acid production by lactate dehydrogenase, while A. tropicalis diminishes the inhibition by quenching acids. We propose that acid from the microbiome is a gatekeeper to microbial invasions, as only microbes capable of tolerating acidic environments can colonize the host. The methods and findings described herein will add to the growing breadth of tools to study microbe-microbe interactions in broad contexts.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; Microbiota; Acetobacter; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus plantarum; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid
PubMed: 38583152
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114087 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024The bacterial nanocellulose (BnC) membranes were produced extracellularly by a novel aerobic acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter melomenusus. The BnC was modified in...
The bacterial nanocellulose (BnC) membranes were produced extracellularly by a novel aerobic acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter melomenusus. The BnC was modified in situ by adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into the culture media, obtaining a BnC-CMC product with denser fibril arrangement, improved rehydration ratio and elasticity in comparison to BnC. The proteolytic enzyme bromelain (Br) and antimicrobial peptide nisin (N) were immobilized to BnC matrix by ex situ covalent binding and/or adsorption. The optimal Br immobilization conditions towards the maximized specific proteolytic activity were investigated by response surface methodology as factor variables. At optimal conditions, i.e., 8.8 mg/mL CMC and 10 mg/mL Br, hyperactivation of the enzyme was achieved, leading to the specific proteolytic activity of 2.3 U/mg and immobilization efficiency of 39.1 %. The antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram-positive bacteria (S. epidermidis, S. aureus and E. faecalis) for membranes with immobilized N and was superior when in situ modified BnC membranes were used. N immobilized on the BnC or BnC-CMC membranes was cytocompatible and did not cause changes in normal human dermal fibroblast cell morphology. BnC membranes perform as an efficient carrier for Br or N immobilization, holding promise in wound debridement and providing antimicrobial action against Gram-positive bacteria, respectively.
Topics: Nisin; Bromelains; Cellulose; Acetobacteraceae; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Wound Healing; Enzymes, Immobilized; Nanostructures; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38574906
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131329 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Emerging evidence has provided compelling evidence linking gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) via the "gut-kidney" axis. But the causal relationship...
OBJECTIVE
Emerging evidence has provided compelling evidence linking gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) via the "gut-kidney" axis. But the causal relationship between them hasn't been clarified yet. We perform a Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to reveal the causal connection with GM and the development of DN, type 1 diabetes nephropathy (T1DN), type 2 diabetes nephropathy (T2DN), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS
We used summary data from MiBioGen on 211 GM taxa in 18340 participants. Generalized MR analysis methods were conducted to estimate their causality on risk of DN, T1DN, T2DN, T1DM and T2DM from FinnGen. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the resilience and consistency of the results.
RESULTS
It was showed that Class [odds ratio (OR) =1.5651, 95%CI:1.1810-2.0742,FDR=0.0018], Order (OR=1.5651, 95%CI: 1.1810-2.0742, FDR=0.0018) and Family (OR=1.3956, 95%CI:1.0336-1.8844, FDR=0.0296) had significant risk of DN. Our analysis found significant associations between GM and T2DN, including Class (OR=1.8227, 95% CI: 1.2414-2.6763, PFDR=0.0139), Order (OR=1.5651, 95% CI: 1.8227-2.6764, PFDR=0.0024), (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0026), and Family (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0083). The (OR=0.4076, 95% CI: 0.2415-0.6882, PFDR=0.0021) exhibited a protection against T1DN. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that there was no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
CONCLUSIONS
At the gene prediction level, we identified the specific GM that is causally linked to DN in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Moreover, we identified distinct microbial changes in T1DN that differed from those seen in T2DN, offering valuable insights into GM signatures associated with subtype of nephropathy.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Nephropathies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38533501
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332757 -
New Biotechnology Jul 2024Novacetimonas hansenii SI1, previously known as Komagataeibacter hansenii, produces bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) with unique ability to stretch. The addition of vitamin...
Novacetimonas hansenii SI1, previously known as Komagataeibacter hansenii, produces bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) with unique ability to stretch. The addition of vitamin C in the culture medium increases the porosity of the membranes and their stretchability making them highly moldable. To better understand the genetic background of this strain, we obtained its complete genome sequence using a hybrid sequencing and assembly strategy. We described the functional regions in the genome which are important for the synthesis of BNC and acetan-like II polymer. We next investigated the effect of 1% vitamin C supplementation on the global gene expression profile using RNA sequencing. Our transcriptomic readouts imply that vitamin C functions mainly as a reducing agent. We found that the changes in cellular redox status are balanced by strong repression of the sulfur assimilation pathway. Moreover, in the reduced conditions, glucose oxidation is decreased and alternative pathways for energy generation, such as acetate accumulation, are activated. The presence of vitamin C negatively influences acetan-like II polymer biosynthesis, which may explain the lowered yield and changed mechanical properties of BNC. The results of this study enrich the functional characteristics of the genomes of the efficient producers of the N. hansenii species. Improved understanding of the adaptation to the presence of vitamin C at the molecular level has important guiding significance for influencing the biosynthesis of BNC and its morphology.
Topics: Cellulose; Transcriptome; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Acetobacteraceae
PubMed: 38531507
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.03.004 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2024A microaerophilic, Gram-negative, motile, and spiral-shaped bacterium, designated Y-M2, was isolated from oil sludge of Shengli oil field. The optimal growth condition...
A microaerophilic, Gram-negative, motile, and spiral-shaped bacterium, designated Y-M2, was isolated from oil sludge of Shengli oil field. The optimal growth condition of strain Y-M2 was at 25 °C, pH 7.0, and in the absence of NaCl. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The main cellular fatty acid was iso-C 3-OH. It contained Q-9 and Q-10 as the predominant quinones. The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. Strain Y-M2 showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to 26-4b (91.1 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genomes showed that strain Y-M2 formed a distinct cluster in the order . Genomic analysis showed that Y-M2 possesses a complete nitrogen-fixation cluster which is phylogenetically close to that of methanogene. The cluster, encompassing the nitrogenase genes, was found in every N-fixing strain within the order . Phylogeny, phenotype, chemotaxonomy, and genomic results demonstrated that strain Y-M2 represents a novel species of a novel genus in a novel family fam. nov. in the order , for which the name gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is Y-M2 (=CCAM 827=JCM 34765).
Topics: Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Sewage; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Base Composition; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 38512751
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006292 -
Protein Science : a Publication of the... Apr 2024L-Asparaginases (ASNases) catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp and ammonia. Members of the ASNase family are used as drugs in the treatment of leukemia, as well as...
L-Asparaginases (ASNases) catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp and ammonia. Members of the ASNase family are used as drugs in the treatment of leukemia, as well as in the food industry. The protomers of bacterial ASNases typically contain 300-400 amino acids (typical class 1 ASNases). In contrast, the chain of ASNase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, reported here and referred to as RrA, consists of only 172 amino acid residues. RrA is homologous to the N-terminal domain of typical bacterial class 1 ASNases and exhibits millimolar affinity for L-Asn. In this study, we demonstrate that RrA belongs to a unique family of cytoplasmic, short-chain ASNases (scASNases). These proteins occupy a distinct region in the sequence space, separate from the regions typically assigned to class 1 ASNases. The scASNases are present in approximately 7% of eubacterial species, spanning diverse bacterial lineages. They seem to be significantly enriched in species that encode for more than one class 1 ASNase. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and structural properties of RrA, a member of scASNases family. Crystal structures of the wild-type RrA, both with and without bound L-Asp, as well as structures of several RrA mutants, reveal topologically unique tetramers. Moreover, the active site of one protomer is complemented by two residues (Tyr21 and Asn26) from another protomer. Upon closer inspection, these findings clearly outline scASNases as a stand-alone subfamily of ASNases that can catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp despite the lack of the C-terminal domain that is present in all ASNases described structurally to date.
Topics: Asparaginase; Rhodospirillum rubrum; Protein Subunits; Aspartic Acid; Catalytic Domain
PubMed: 38501449
DOI: 10.1002/pro.4920 -
Microbial Ecology Mar 2024The use of algae for industrial, biotechnological, and agricultural purposes is spreading globally. Scenedesmus species can play an essential role in the food industry...
The use of algae for industrial, biotechnological, and agricultural purposes is spreading globally. Scenedesmus species can play an essential role in the food industry and agriculture due to their favorable nutrient content and plant-stimulating properties. Previous research and the development of Scenedesmus-based foliar fertilizers raised several questions about the effectiveness of large-scale algal cultivation and the potential effects of algae on associative rhizobacteria. In the microbiological practice applied in agriculture, bacteria from the genus Azospirillum are one of the most studied plant growth-promoting, associative, nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Co-cultivation with Azospirillum species may be a new way of optimizing Scenedesmus culturing, but the functioning of the co-culture system still needs to be fully understood. It is known that Azospirillum brasilense can produce indole-3-acetic acid, which could stimulate algae growth as a plant hormone. However, the effect of microalgae on Azospirillum bacteria is unclear. In this study, we investigated the behavior of Azospirillum brasilense bacteria in the vicinity of Scenedesmus sp. or its supernatant using a microfluidic device consisting of physically separated but chemically coupled microchambers. Following the spatial distribution of bacteria within the device, we detected a positive chemotactic response toward the microalgae culture. To identify the metabolites responsible for this behavior, we tested the chemoeffector potential of citric acid and oxaloacetic acid, which, according to our HPLC analysis, were present in the algae supernatant in 0.074 mg/ml and 0.116 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. We found that oxaloacetic acid acts as a chemoattractant for Azospirillum brasilense.
Topics: Azospirillum brasilense; Scenedesmus; Microfluidics; Oxaloacetic Acid; Plant Growth Regulators; Plants
PubMed: 38498218
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02366-3