-
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024Sebaceous gland tumors are neoplasms originating from the sebaceous gland and are the third most common type of skin tumor, accounting for 21-35% of all cutaneous...
Sebaceous gland tumors are neoplasms originating from the sebaceous gland and are the third most common type of skin tumor, accounting for 21-35% of all cutaneous neoplasms in dogs. According to their histopathological characteristics, sebaceous gland tumors can be classified into adenoma as a benign tumor and epithelioma as a malignant tumor. Sebaceous epithelioma is distinguished from sebaceous adenoma by containing 90% or more reserve cells. However, this simple numerical criterion is insufficient to histologically distinguish between epitheliomas and adenomas. In addition, sebaceoma in humans, a similar tumor to sebaceous epithelioma, is a term used for tumors with more than 50% of reserve cells, unlike epithelioma. Therefore, we aimed to compare and characterize the histological and immunohistochemical profiles of comprehensive sebaceous adenoma, epithelioma, and borderline tumors that have more than 50% but less than 90% of reserve cells. A total of 14 canine sebaceous tumors were diagnosed as seven adenomas, four borderline tumors, and three epitheliomas. Histologically, the sebaceous adenomas showed nodules consisting of mature sebocytes surrounded by monolayer basaloid cells. In contrast, the portion of the reserve cells was increased, the portion of lipidized cells was decreased, and the majority of lipidized cells were found to be immature in sebaceous epithelioma. In the sebaceous adenomas, necrosis was not observed and mitotic figures were rarely seen. However, necrosis and mitotic figures were highly frequent in both borderline tumor and sebaceous epithelioma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that borderline tumor and sebaceous epithelioma showed significantly higher expression against Ki-67 than sebaceous adenoma. We conclude that it is more accurate to employ the cut-off value of 50% reserve cells in humans rather than the current 90% reserve cells for classifying sebaceous gland tumors in dogs, thereby providing new insight into the characterization of the sebaceous gland tumors.
PubMed: 38791674
DOI: 10.3390/ani14101457 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Mar 2024The expression "pleomorphic adenoma" has been used synonymously with mixed cutaneous tumors and chondroid syringomas. It originates from eccrine or apocrine skin,...
The expression "pleomorphic adenoma" has been used synonymously with mixed cutaneous tumors and chondroid syringomas. It originates from eccrine or apocrine skin, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands. Histologically, it comprises an epithelial-lined glandular component embedded in the cartilaginous, myxomatous, or fibrous stroma. These lesions are usually misdiagnosed because they are extremely rare. It commonly affects middle-aged men and has a slow-growing nature. The usual manifestation is a firm nodular lesion in the periorbital region, particularly at eyelid margins. A unique presentation of this tumor was described in a young woman. The tumor presented as a small, static, nontender lump located at the junction of the superior margin of the left eyebrow and forehead. After a thorough clinical assessment, she underwent a complete surgical excision of the lesion. The most probable preoperative clinical impression at that time was that of a sebaceous cyst. However, histopathological examination revealed it to be a pleomorphic adenoma, which, to our knowledge, has never been reported in the literature at this specific anatomical site. Two years after the procedure, the patient's follow-up was uneventful, and revealed no recurrence of the lesion. Although its incidence is exceptionally low, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in the head, neck, and trunk. Complete surgical excision for histopathological assessment is recommended to rule out malignancy and avoid the frequent issue of local recurrence in cases of benign tumors.
PubMed: 38528849
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005662 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Mar 2024To analyze the clinical characteristics of scar cancer ulcer wound of head and face, and to investigate its diagnosis and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical characteristics of scar cancer ulcer wound of head and face, and to investigate its diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS
The clinical data of 14 patients with head and facial scar cancer ulcer wounds who met the selection criteria and admitted between January 2021 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 6 females. The age of onset ranged from 21 to 81 years with an average age of 61.6 years. The incubation period ranged from 1 month to 70 years, with a median of 4 years. Site of the disease included 7 cases of head, 6 cases of maxillofacial region, and 1 case of neck region. Injury factors included trauma in 5 cases, scratch in 5 cases, scalding in 2 cases, burn in 1 case, and needle puncture in 1 case. Pathological results showed squamous cell carcinoma in 9 cases, basal cell carcinoma in 3 cases, sebaceous adenocarcinoma in 1 case, papillary sweat duct cystadenoma combined with tubular apocrine sweat gland adenoma in 1 case. There was 1 case of simple extensive tumor resection, 1 case of extensive tumor resection and skin grafting repair, 7 cases of extensive tumor resection and local flap repair, and 5 cases of extensive tumor resection and free flap repair.
RESULTS
All the 14 patients were followed up 16-33 months (mean, 27.8 months). Two patients (14.29%) had scar cancer ulcer wound recurrence, of which 1 patient recurred at 2 years after 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy, and was still alive after oral traditional Chinese medicine treatment. One patient relapsed at 1 year after operation and died after 2 courses of chemotherapy. One patient underwent extensive resection of the left eye and periocular tumor and the transfer and repair of the chimaeric muscle axial flap with the perforating branch of the descending branch of the left lateral circumflex femoral artery, but the incision healing was poor after operation, and healed well after anti-infection and debridement suture. The wounds of other patients with scar cancer ulcer did not recur, and the wounds healed well.
CONCLUSION
Scar cancer ulcer wound of the head and face is common in the middle-aged and elderly male, and the main pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma. Local extensive resection, skin grafting, or flap transfer repair are the main treatment methods. Early active treatment of wounds after various injuries to avoid scar repeated rupture and infection is the foundamental prevention of scar cancer.
Topics: Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Cicatrix; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Ulcer; Retrospective Studies; Skin Transplantation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Burns; Soft Tissue Injuries; Free Tissue Flaps; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Perforator Flap
PubMed: 38500429
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202312020 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Feb 2024Nodular sebaceous gland hyperplasia in the often middle-aged to old dog is a common, benign proliferation that results in exophytic, pink to yellow, alopecic, and often...
Nodular sebaceous gland hyperplasia in the often middle-aged to old dog is a common, benign proliferation that results in exophytic, pink to yellow, alopecic, and often multilobulated nodules. Removal is usually carried out by surgical excision. As many old dogs have comorbidities that increase the risk of anesthesia, a topical treatment is warranted. We hypothesized that the application of a solution containing nitric acid, zinc, copper, and organic acids (Verrutop), would be a safe and efficient way to treat these nodules. Eleven dogs with a total of 29 nodules, grossly compatible with nodular sebaceous gland hyperplasia, were included in the study. Eighteen of the nodules were treated; 11 were left untreated. No anesthesia or sedation was needed. Four weeks after one application, 17/18 treated nodules had decreased by 100% in volume. There was a statistically significant difference in percentual volume change between the treated and untreated nodules from day 0 to day 28 ( < 0.0001). No serious side effects were noted. Sebaceous hyperplasia cannot always be distinguished grossly from sebaceous tumors. Cytological evaluation can be helpful, and in cases of deviant macroscopic features, local recurrence, or more aggressive behavior, the appropriate intervention would be to biopsy or excise the nodule for histopathology. Topical application of Verrutop is an easy, low-cost, and efficient way to remove canine sebaceous gland hyperplasia with minimal side effects in cases where surgery and anesthesia are not desired.
PubMed: 38396537
DOI: 10.3390/ani14040570 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Sebaceous carcinoma is a ra malignant tumor of adnexal origin arising from sebaceous glands. It is most commonly seen arising from the eyelids and head and neck. It is...
Sebaceous carcinoma is a ra malignant tumor of adnexal origin arising from sebaceous glands. It is most commonly seen arising from the eyelids and head and neck. It is predominantly seen in females with an average age of around 65 years. Apocrine differentiation in sebaceous carcinomas is rare but has been reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of sebaceous carcinoma with apocrine differentiation in a 62-year- old female who was a diagnosed case of basal cell carinoma.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Sebaceous Glands; Eyelids; Adenoma; Apocrine Glands; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38358214
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_972_21 -
Cureus Jan 2024Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the sebaceous glands that most commonly presents in the periocular area. Uncommon extraocular manifestations are...
Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the sebaceous glands that most commonly presents in the periocular area. Uncommon extraocular manifestations are occasionally observed, often limited to the head or neck but can occur wherever sebaceous glands are found. There are increasing cases of sebaceous carcinoma in the United States which continue to pose ongoing diagnostic challenges. We present a patient with a 5.5 x 4 x 2 cm gradually growing necrotic and fungating upper back mass, present for one year. This lesion was initially diagnosed as an excoriated sebaceous adenoma, microscopically showing well-formed organoid structures and no irregular infiltration into the dermis, but was later confirmed as sebaceous carcinoma, demonstrating prominent mitosis and infiltrative growth pattern, following wide surgical excision. Margins were clear following the surgery with no signs of recurrence but further treatment recommendations included follow-up with oncology due to the rarity and aggressive nature of this tumor. This case serves to present an atypical presentation of a rare malignancy that has an increased occurrence rate for unknown reasons.
PubMed: 38333488
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51934 -
Cureus Nov 2023This report focuses on sebaceous skin tumors, specifically sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, along with their association with Muir-Torre syndrome...
This report focuses on sebaceous skin tumors, specifically sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, along with their association with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). A clinical case of a 25-year-old male with a suspected sebaceous neoplasm based on dermoscopy appearance is presented. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis and surgical management resulted in successful treatment. The report highlights the importance of considering differential diagnoses and utilizing dermoscopy for accurate evaluation of these rare skin tumors.
PubMed: 38125216
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49126 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2023Cutaneous mixed tumor is a rare benign neoplasm that exhibits a wide range of metaplastic changes and differentiation in the epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous mixed tumor is a rare benign neoplasm that exhibits a wide range of metaplastic changes and differentiation in the epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components, which is often confused with various other skin lesions. We present an unusual case of a 58-year-old woman with a mixed tumor of the upper lip, previously misdiagnosed as adnexal carcinoma on a preoperative biopsy. The excision biopsy shows a well-circumscribed lesion composed of various cells and structures featuring folliculo-sebaceous differentiation embedded in a prominent chondromyxoid stroma. The immunohistochemical study proves the various lineages of differentiation and classifies the neoplasm as the less common eccrine subtype of cutaneous mixed tumor. The common embryologic origin of the folliculo-sebaceous apocrine complex leads to a great histological variety of cellular components of mixed tumors and the formation of structures that resemble established types of adnexal neoplasms, which could be a diagnostic pitfall, especially on a small incision biopsy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Biopsy; Cell Differentiation; Confusion
PubMed: 37629755
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081465 -
Journal of Medical Cases Jul 2023Sebaceous adenoma (SA) is a rare solitary tumor that preferentially affects the forehead and scalp. The objective of this case report was to determine the efficacy and...
Sebaceous adenoma (SA) is a rare solitary tumor that preferentially affects the forehead and scalp. The objective of this case report was to determine the efficacy and safety of a 10,600-nm carbon dioxide (CO) laser device in the treatment of large scalp SA, using a new scanning system which allows to speed up the removal of the lesion. A 65-year-old male with SA on the scalp area underwent one session with the CO laser system. For this procedure, a new scanner system with 7-inch or 4-inch focal handpieces were used. A local anesthesia with lidocaine was performed before laser treatment. Some possible side effects such as dyschromia, burning sensation, bleeding and mild to moderate post-treatment erythema, itching, crusting, and edema, were checked. In order to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment, clinical photos that documented the patient lesion were captured before treatment and at 1 month of follow-up. The clinical and aesthetic results observed after laser procedure were excellent, with a complete remission of patient's scalp SA lesion at 4 weeks' follow-up. Patient satisfaction was very high, and no side effects were observed. This laser system technology allows for precise, effective, and targeted action on the lesions treated while simultaneously protecting the surrounding areas, ensuring the best possible re-epithelialization.
PubMed: 37560545
DOI: 10.14740/jmc4132