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International Journal of Surgery Case... May 2024Epidermoid cysts may occur due to anomalies during fetal development, approximately 1-2 % occur in the oral cavity. A cyst lumen filled with fluid or keratin without...
INTRODUCTION
Epidermoid cysts may occur due to anomalies during fetal development, approximately 1-2 % occur in the oral cavity. A cyst lumen filled with fluid or keratin without skin adnexal structures (such as hair, hair follicle, sweat gland, sebaceous gland) can be defined as epidermoid cyst. 7 % of these cysts occur in the head and neck, 1.6 % of which appear in the oral cavity. Gender distribution is balanced but more prevalent in males. Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts. These cysts are rarely discovered prior to puberty. It has been reported that 1 % of epidermoid cysts will malignantly develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
CASE PRESENTATION
18-year-old male patient presented with 57.99 × 55.33 × 41.41 mm-sized epidermoid cyst treated at the Regional Hospital in Indonesia. The primary complaint was a painless, asymptomatic lump on the floor of the mouth which was felt 10 years ago. Two years prior, the lump enlarged, and the patient began to feel difficulty in swallowing, and respiratory distress appeared one year later. Supplementary examinations: ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration biopsy, plain radiography, multiple slice computed tomography scan was performed to support epidermoid cyst diagnosis.
DISCUSSION
An intraoral approach-based cystectomy with a horizontal incision was utilized for surgical treatment to avoid adjacent anatomic structure. Histopathological examination showed a macroscopic image of pouch tissue with approximately 0.2 cm-thick wall, brownish white in color with yellow mass like cheese pulp, and microscopic image of tissue covered with monomorphous complex squamous epithelium with eosinophilic keratinized mass lumen.
CONCLUSION
Following the procedure, there was no longer respiratory distress nor difficulty in swallowing and the patient recovered well with no deficiency in aesthetics.
PubMed: 38761688
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109729 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2024
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Eyelid Neoplasms; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Adult
PubMed: 38648442
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1975_23 -
Veterinarni Medicina Mar 2024Multiple primary malignant tumours (MPMTs) are multiple neoplasms with independent pathogenetic origins, placing great importance on the tumorigenesis and clinical...
Multiple primary malignant tumours (MPMTs) are multiple neoplasms with independent pathogenetic origins, placing great importance on the tumorigenesis and clinical treatment. However, due to the rare occurrence and diagnostic confusion, MPMTs have rarely been investigated in veterinary medicine. In this report, a 10-year-old intact female Maltese dog had MPMTs, consisting of two malignant tumours and one benign tumour each derived from a topographically different site: tubular carcinoma in the mammary glands, leiomyosarcoma in the uterus and sebaceous epithelioma in the cheek. The unique combination of MPMTs would be the first case in veterinary research to give insight into the diagnosis, disease characteristics, and surgical treatment.
PubMed: 38623156
DOI: 10.17221/103/2023-VETMED -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Management of cutaneous malignancies can be particularly challenging when they are located in the periocular region. The standard of care for localized disease is... (Review)
Review
Management of cutaneous malignancies can be particularly challenging when they are located in the periocular region. The standard of care for localized disease is complete surgical excision, but this may not be possible without significant disruption to visual structures and facial appearance. Definitive radiation may be an option for some patients who cannot or do not wish to undergo surgery. Advances in systemic treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic skin cancers in the past 10 years have prompted investigation into neoadjuvant treatment of periocular cancers. The use of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies have all been reported with varying degrees of success. For many patients, targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors should be considered depending on the cancer type, symptoms, and goals with the input of a multidisciplinary cancer care team. In this article, we systematically review the latest updates in surgical, radiotherapeutic, and medical management of periocular malignancies.
PubMed: 38500654
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1275930 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Mar 2024To analyze the clinical characteristics of scar cancer ulcer wound of head and face, and to investigate its diagnosis and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical characteristics of scar cancer ulcer wound of head and face, and to investigate its diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS
The clinical data of 14 patients with head and facial scar cancer ulcer wounds who met the selection criteria and admitted between January 2021 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 6 females. The age of onset ranged from 21 to 81 years with an average age of 61.6 years. The incubation period ranged from 1 month to 70 years, with a median of 4 years. Site of the disease included 7 cases of head, 6 cases of maxillofacial region, and 1 case of neck region. Injury factors included trauma in 5 cases, scratch in 5 cases, scalding in 2 cases, burn in 1 case, and needle puncture in 1 case. Pathological results showed squamous cell carcinoma in 9 cases, basal cell carcinoma in 3 cases, sebaceous adenocarcinoma in 1 case, papillary sweat duct cystadenoma combined with tubular apocrine sweat gland adenoma in 1 case. There was 1 case of simple extensive tumor resection, 1 case of extensive tumor resection and skin grafting repair, 7 cases of extensive tumor resection and local flap repair, and 5 cases of extensive tumor resection and free flap repair.
RESULTS
All the 14 patients were followed up 16-33 months (mean, 27.8 months). Two patients (14.29%) had scar cancer ulcer wound recurrence, of which 1 patient recurred at 2 years after 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy, and was still alive after oral traditional Chinese medicine treatment. One patient relapsed at 1 year after operation and died after 2 courses of chemotherapy. One patient underwent extensive resection of the left eye and periocular tumor and the transfer and repair of the chimaeric muscle axial flap with the perforating branch of the descending branch of the left lateral circumflex femoral artery, but the incision healing was poor after operation, and healed well after anti-infection and debridement suture. The wounds of other patients with scar cancer ulcer did not recur, and the wounds healed well.
CONCLUSION
Scar cancer ulcer wound of the head and face is common in the middle-aged and elderly male, and the main pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma. Local extensive resection, skin grafting, or flap transfer repair are the main treatment methods. Early active treatment of wounds after various injuries to avoid scar repeated rupture and infection is the foundamental prevention of scar cancer.
Topics: Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Cicatrix; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Ulcer; Retrospective Studies; Skin Transplantation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Burns; Soft Tissue Injuries; Free Tissue Flaps; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Perforator Flap
PubMed: 38500429
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202312020 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Mar 2024Sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare malignant skin adnexal tumor that is occasionally aggressive. We have not seen a case of sebaceous carcinoma in our center in the last...
BACKGROUND
Sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare malignant skin adnexal tumor that is occasionally aggressive. We have not seen a case of sebaceous carcinoma in our center in the last 10 years. It is extremely rare in Black Africans.
CASE PRESENTATION
We described the case of a 55-year-old man African man who presented to our ophthalmologist with complaints of growth on the right upper eyelid for 8 months. He had surgery and chemotherapy for rectal carcinoma 6 years prior to presentation and received his last dose of chemotherapy 5 years before seeing our ophthalmologist. There was a history of spontaneous unprovoked bleeding from the lesion. He subsequently underwent surgical excision under general anesthesia. Histology of the mass showed an effaced architecture due to proliferating malignant epithelial cells disposed as trabecules, solid nests, and tongues. The microscopic features of widespread multivacuolated cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells led us to conclude that the tumor was a sebaceous carcinoma. The patient is alive and well.
CONCLUSION
Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant skin adnexal tumor in Black Africans. It can present as an eyelid mass with spontaneous bleeding. It can follow cancer chemotherapy either because of its association with other tumors in Muir-Torre syndrome or because of mutagenic effects of chemotherapeutic agents.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Muir-Torre Syndrome; Blepharoptosis; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 38500211
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04460-z -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2024This study aimed to determine the clinical indications for orbital exenteration, demographic profile of these patients, and clinicopathologic correlations in the current...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine the clinical indications for orbital exenteration, demographic profile of these patients, and clinicopathologic correlations in the current times and to compare these results with previous published data.
METHODS
It was a retrospective study. All exenterations performed at a tertiary eye care center over a period of 20 years (from January 2001 to June 2020) were retrospectively evaluated. Patient records were reviewed to obtain demographic data, presenting symptoms and their duration, laterality, and clinical and histopathologic diagnosis.
RESULTS
A total of 352 cases (males:females = 222:130) who underwent exenteration were identified. Patients age ranged from 11 months to 87 years (mean: 43.86 years, median: 50 years). The most common indication for exenteration was found to be eyelid malignancy in 54.36%, followed by retinoblastoma in 18.75% and primary orbital tumors in 14.49%. Out of 156 cases of eyelid malignancies requiring exenteration, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histologic subtype ( n = 94, 60.26%), followed by sebaceous gland carcinoma ( n = 40, 25.64%) and basal cell carcinoma ( n = 20, 12.82%). The most common primary orbital tumors requiring exenteration were adenocystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland in adults and rhabdomyosarcoma in the pediatric age group. Benign conditions requiring exenteration included fulminant fungal orbital infections and lymphangioma among others.
CONCLUSION
The number of exenterations performed have significantly increased in terms of absolute numbers. However, the ratio of exenteration to other tumor-related surgeries, mainly excision biopsy, has reduced compared to that reported from a previous study. The most common indication in our study remains eyelid malignancy followed by intraocular malignancy. However, SCC has emerged as the most common tumor histologic subtype requiring exenterations.
PubMed: 38454866
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2716_23 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... Apr 2024Skin adnexal or sweat gland neoplasms are rare adnexal tumors that pose a diagnostic challenge for both ophthalmologists and pathologists. Endocrine mucin-producing...
Skin adnexal or sweat gland neoplasms are rare adnexal tumors that pose a diagnostic challenge for both ophthalmologists and pathologists. Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is an uncommon low grade carcinoma of eccrine ducts with a predilection to occur in the periocular region in the elderly female. We present a rare case of 65-year-old healthy male who presented with a lobulated mass in the left eye lower lid, clinically suspected as sebaceous gland carcinoma, diagnosed as endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma histopathologically.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Eyelid Neoplasms; Mucins; Eyelids; Diagnosis, Differential; Carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 38391357
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_278_21 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer derived from the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous carcinomas are divided into those occurring in ocular (75%)...
Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer derived from the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous carcinomas are divided into those occurring in ocular (75%) and extra-ocular locations. A 45-year-old female patient presented with rapidly growing swelling over the upper back region. It was provisionally diagnosed as an infected sebaceous cyst, and an excision biopsy was received in the pathology department. Histopathology was reported as sebaceous carcinoma, Grade II, Stage P T3 Nx. Immunohistochemistry was positive for epithelial membrane antigen. Sebaceous carcinoma accounts for 0.2-4.6% of all malignant cutaneous neoplasms, and the estimated rate of occurrence is only 1-2 per 1 million individuals per year. These tumors frequently present with a painless sub-cutaneous nodule, but they can also present as pedunculated lesions, irregular mass, or diffuse thickening of the skin. Hence, they are misinterpreted as other benign tumors or inflammatory conditions, thereby leading to delay in diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, increased morbidity, and mortality.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Sebaceous Glands
PubMed: 38358213
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_860_21 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin tumor of the eyelids in Caucasians, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma. The primary...
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin tumor of the eyelids in Caucasians, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma. The primary treatment for these tumors is radical excision. In cases where malignant eyelid tumors are advanced and have invaded the orbit, orbital exenteration is necessary. In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine the correlation between the risk of orbital infiltration and various factors like tumor location, size, histological type, and patient age. This study revealed that tumors in multiple regions increased the risk of orbital infiltration by 3.75 times. Tumors with a diameter of 21-30 mm raised the likelihood of requiring exenteration by 15.5 times compared to smaller tumors (up to 10 mm). Age was also associated with the likelihood of orbital invasion in periocular tumors. Interestingly, no correlation was found between the histological type of the tumor and the risk of orbital infiltration. Notably, the conjunctiva of the eyeball was the most commonly infiltrated orbital structure, followed by the orbital fat. Timely treatment and well-planned procedures are crucial for patients with malignant periocular skin tumors to avoid multiple reoperations and the potential need for orbital exenteration.
PubMed: 38337420
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030726