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International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2024, a gram-negative anaerobe usually present in periodontitis, may be linked to overweight and obese adults. Recent advancements include a valid qPCR screening, enabling...
, a gram-negative anaerobe usually present in periodontitis, may be linked to overweight and obese adults. Recent advancements include a valid qPCR screening, enabling an effective prevalence study among pediatric patients aged 7 to 17 years. The aim of this study was to complete a retrospective screening of saliva samples from an existing biorepository using a validated qPCR screening protocol. The pediatric study sample ( = 87) comprised nearly equal numbers of males and females, mostly minority patients (67%), with an average age of 13.2 years. Screening for revealed 34.4% ( = 30/87) positive samples, evenly distributed between males and females ( = 0.5478). However, an age-dependent association was observed with higher percentages of positive samples observed with higher ages (13.3% among 7 to 10 years; 34.6% among 11 to 13 years; 54.8% among 14-17 years), which was statistically significant ( = 0.0001). Although these findings revealed no noteworthy distinctions between males or females and minorities and non-minorities, the notable contrast between younger (7 to 10 years) and older (11 to 17 years) participants, possibly influenced by factors such as hormones and behavioral traits, will require further investigation of this patient population.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Female; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Saliva; Selenomonas; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Age Factors
PubMed: 38673304
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040391 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024New evidence has suggested that oral and gut microflora may have significant impacts on the predisposition, development, and stability of obesity in adults over...
New evidence has suggested that oral and gut microflora may have significant impacts on the predisposition, development, and stability of obesity in adults over time-although less is known about this phenomenon in children. Compared with healthy-weight controls, overweight and obese adult patients are now known to harbor specific pathogens, such as (), that are capable of digesting normally non-digestible cellulose and fibers that significantly increase caloric extraction from normal dietary intake. To evaluate this phenomenon, clinical saliva samples (N = 122) from subjects with a normal BMI (18-25) and a BMI over 25 (overweight, obese) from an existing biorepository were screened using qPCR. The prevalence of in samples from normal-BMI participants were lower (21.4%) than in overweight-BMI (25-29; 46.1%) and obese-BMI (30 and above; 36.8%) samples-a strong, positive correlation that was not significantly affected by age or race and ethnicity. These data strongly suggest that may be intricately associated with overweight and obesity among patients, and more research will be needed to determine the positive and negative feedback mechanisms that may be responsible for these observations as well as the interventions needed to remove or reduce the potential effects of this oral pathogen.
PubMed: 38668293
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040338 -
Pediatric Reports Jul 2023Dental office protocols to combat the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic include mouth washing for an extended 60 s, thereby reducing detectable oral virus. However, it is...
Dental office protocols to combat the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic include mouth washing for an extended 60 s, thereby reducing detectable oral virus. However, it is unclear whether this protocol has any effects on the newly identified periodontal pathogen and obesity-related bacterium often found among pediatric patients, . To determine if the mouthwash protocol has any measurable effect on amongst pediatric patients, clinical pediatric saliva samples were obtained from pediatric patients during routine visits for clinical care and treatment. Using an approved protocol, two saliva samples were collected on the same visit before and after chlorhexidine mouthwash (Sample A, Sample B). The third sample (Sample C) was taken at the recall appointment-usually between two and eight weeks later. A total of n = 97 pre-mouthwash samples, and an equal number of matching post-mouthwash samples (n = 97) were collected, with a small number of matching recall samples (n = 36) that were subsequently collected and identified. The demographic composition of the study sample was analyzed using Chi square statistics. Sample DNA from the matching pre-, post-, and recall collections (Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C) was isolated and screened using qPCR and validated primers, which revealed that 11.1% (n = 4/36) from Sample A tested positive for with 0% (n = 0/36) of Sample B testing positive and 13.9% (n = 5/36) of the recall (Sample C) testing positive. In addition, comparative analysis of the qPCR cycle threshold data revealed relatively lower expression (quantity) of DNA among the recall samples, as determined by two-tailed -tests (=0.004). These data and results provide new evidence for the oral prevalence of among pediatric patients, while also demonstrating that the COVID-19 protocol of mouth washing prior to clinical treatment for periods extending up to 60 s may be sufficient to reduce the levels of detectable -at least temporarily. More research will be needed to determine whether these effects may be limited to the short- or may exhibit more lasting effects in the long-term.
PubMed: 37489412
DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15030038 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Jun 2021(SN) is an important periodontal pathogen, associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Many studies have found associations between SN and indicators of poor health...
INTRODUCTION
(SN) is an important periodontal pathogen, associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Many studies have found associations between SN and indicators of poor health outcomes, such as smoking, low socioeconomic status and obesity. However, less is known about the prevalence of this organism and more specifically about other oral site-specific locations that may harbor this organism.
METHODS
Using an existing patient repository ( = 47) of DNA isolated from saliva and other oral sites ( = 235), including the dorsum of the tongue, lower lingual incisor, upper buccal molar and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), molecular screening for SN was performed. Screening results were analyzed for associations between demographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity) and clinical information (body mass index or BMI, presence of orthodontic brackets, primary/mixed/permanent dentition).
RESULTS
qPCR screening revealed a total of = 62/235 sites or 26.3% harboring SN with saliva and GCF (either alone or in combination with one or more sites) most often observed (Saliva, = 23/27 or 85.18%, GCF, = 14/27 or 51%). Analysis of site-specific data revealed most positive results were found among saliva and GCF alone or in combination, with fewer positive results observed among the tongue (33.3%), lower lingual incisor (29.6%), and upper buccal molar (25.9%). No significant associations were found between demographic or clinical variables and presence of SN at any site.
CONCLUSIONS
These results may be among the first to describe site-specific locations of among various additional oral biofilm sites. These data may represent a significant advancement in our understanding of the sites and locations that harbor this organism, which may be important for our understanding of the prevalence and distribution of these organisms among patients of different ages undergoing different types of oral treatments, such as orthodontic treatment or therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Infant; Male; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies; Saliva; Selenomonas
PubMed: 34204609
DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010029 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2021Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for caries development in first permanent molar (FPM); nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the effects of deciduous teeth caries on the microbiome of healthy FPM. Additionally, it remains unclear whether saliva can be used instead of supragingival plaque for caries microbial studies. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate this issue, and to characterize and compare the oral microbiome of healthy FPMs in children with different caries statuses and that from children with and without caries in a similar microhabitat, by PacBio sequencing. Currently, few studies have investigated the oral microbiome of children using this technique.
METHODS
Thirty children (aged 7-9 years) with mixed dentition were enrolled; 15 had dental caries, and 15 did not. Supragingival plaques of deciduous molars and maxillary FPMs, and non-stimulating saliva samples were collected. DNA was extracted and the v1-v9 regions of 16S rRNA were amplified. Subsequently, PacBio sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed for microbiome identification.
RESULTS
The microbial alpha diversity of the saliva samples was lower than that of the supragingival plaque (p < 0.05); however, no differences were detected between deciduous teeth and FPMs (p > 0.05). In addition, the alpha and beta diversity of children with and without caries was also similar (p > 0.05). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and Adonis analyses indicated that the microbial structure of salivary and supragingival plaque samples differ (p < 0.05). Further analysis of deciduous teeth plaque showed that Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Veillonella dispar were more abundant in children with caries than in those without (p < 0.05); while in FPMs plaque, Selenomonas noxia was more abundant in healthy children (p < 0.05). No differences in microorganisms abundance were found in the saliva subgroups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We have determined that supragingival plaque was the best candidate for studying carious microbiome. Furthermore, S. mutans, V. dispar, and P. acidifaciens were highly associated with deciduous teeth caries. S. noxia may be associated with the abiding health of FPM; however, this requires additional studies.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Selenomonas; Veillonella
PubMed: 34172026
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01683-0 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2018Microbial flora in several organs of HIV-infected individuals have been characterized; however, the palatine tonsil bacteriome and mycobiome and their relationship with...
BACKGROUND
Microbial flora in several organs of HIV-infected individuals have been characterized; however, the palatine tonsil bacteriome and mycobiome and their relationship with each other remain unclear. Determining the palatine tonsil microbiome may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of oral and systemic complications in HIV-infected individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize the palatine tonsil microbiome in HIV-infected individuals.
RESULTS
Palatine tonsillar swabs were collected from 46 HIV-infected and 20 HIV-uninfected individuals. The bacteriome and mycobiome were analyzed by amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. The palatine tonsil bacteriome of the HIV-infected individuals differed from that of HIV-uninfected individuals in terms of the decreased relative abundances of the commensal genera Neisseria and Haemophilus. At the species level, the relative abundances and presence of Capnocytophaga ochracea, Neisseria cinerea, and Selenomonas noxia were higher in the HIV-infected group than those in the HIV-uninfected group. In contrast, fungal diversity and composition did not differ significantly between the two groups. Microbial intercorrelation analysis revealed that Candida and Neisseria were negatively correlated with each other in the HIV-infected group. HIV immune status did not influence the palatine tonsil microbiome in the HIV-infected individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
HIV-infected individuals exhibit dysbiotic changes in their palatine tonsil bacteriome, independent of immunological status.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fungi; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Mycobiome; Palatine Tonsil; Phylogeny
PubMed: 30290791
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1274-9 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Dec 2016As one of the most complex human-associated microbial habitats, the oral cavity harbors hundreds of bacteria. Halitosis is a prevalent oral condition that is typically...
As one of the most complex human-associated microbial habitats, the oral cavity harbors hundreds of bacteria. Halitosis is a prevalent oral condition that is typically caused by bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbial communities and predict functional profiles in supragingival plaque from healthy individuals and those with halitosis. Ten preschool children were enrolled in this study; five with halitosis and five without. Supragingival plaque was isolated from each participant and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was used to identify the microbes present. Samples were primarily composed of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Candidate phylum TM7. The α and β diversity indices did not differ between healthy and halitosis subjects. Fifteen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified with significantly different relative abundances between healthy and halitosis plaques, and included the phylotypes of sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., , and . We suggest that these OTUs are candidate halitosis-associated pathogens. Functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt, and nine level-3 KEGG Orthology groups were significantly different. Hub modules of co-occurrence networks implied that microbes in halitosis dental plaque were more highly conserved than microbes of healthy individuals' plaque. Collectively, our data provide a background for the oral microbiota associated with halitosis from supragingival plaque, and help explain the etiology of halitosis.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodiversity; Child, Preschool; Dental Plaque; Female; Halitosis; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male
PubMed: 27666996
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1605.05012 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2015In recent studies, periodontal health has been linked to being overweight and/or obese. Among common oral bacteria, Selenomonas noxia has been implicated in converting...
BACKGROUND
In recent studies, periodontal health has been linked to being overweight and/or obese. Among common oral bacteria, Selenomonas noxia has been implicated in converting periodontal health to disease, and Selenomonas species have also been found in gastric ulcers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the specific and rapid detection of S. noxia.
METHODS
Two oligonucleotide primer pairs and one probe were designed and tested to determine optimal amplification signal with three strains of S. noxia. The PCR assay was tested against fourteen non-target organisms, including closely related oral Selenomonads, one phylogenetically closely related bacterium, and two commonly isolated oral bacteria.
RESULTS
One of the primer sets was more sensitive at detecting the target organism and was selected for optimization and validation experiments. The designed primers and probe amplified the target organism with 100% specificity. PCR inhibition was observed with an internal positive control, and inhibition was resolved by diluting the DNA extract.
CONCLUSIONS
The qPCR assay designed in this study can be used to specifically detect S. noxia in the clinical setting and in future research involving the enhanced detection of S. noxia. The assay can also be used in epidemiological studies for understanding the role of S. noxia in disease processes including, but not limited to, oral health and obesity of infectious origin.
Topics: Bacillus cereus; Candida albicans; DNA Primers; DNA Probes; DNA, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Mouth; Obesity; Pectinatus; Periodontal Diseases; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; Selenomonas; Sensitivity and Specificity; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 26272608
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0071-1 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Feb 2015Anaerobic culture has been critical in our understanding of the oral microbiotas.
BACKGROUND
Anaerobic culture has been critical in our understanding of the oral microbiotas.
HIGHLIGHT
Studies in advanced periodontitis in the 1970's revealed microbial complexes that associated with different clinical presentations. Taxonomy studies identified species newly-observed in periodontitis as and other species, and Anaerobic culture of initial periodontitis showed overlap in the microbiota with gingivitis, and added and as putative periodontal pathogens. and were found to be associated with initial periodontitis in adults. The dominant microbiota of dental caries differs from that of periodontitis. The major cariogenic species are acidogenic and acid tolerant species particularly , and and species. Anaerobic culture of severe early childhood caries revealed a widely diverse microbiota, comparable to that observed using cloning and sequencing. The PCR-based cloning approach, however, underestimated Actinobacteria compared with culture. Only a subset of the caries-associated microbiota was acid tolerant, with different segments of the microbiota cultured on blood agar compared to a low pH acid agar. While the major caries-associated species was , a new species, , was significantly associated with early childhood caries. Higher counts of were also observed in initial white spot carious lesions in adolescents.
CONCLUSION
In periodontitis and dental caries, anaerobic culture studies of advanced disease provided a comprehensive analysis of the microbiota of these infections. Anaerobic culture highlighted the limitation of PCR with standard primers that underestimate detection of Actinobacteria.
PubMed: 25678835
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.08.001 -
Journal of Periodontology Sep 2012Surfaces and fluids can affect oral bacterial colonization. The aim of this study is to compare redeveloping biofilms on natural teeth and dentures. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Surfaces and fluids can affect oral bacterial colonization. The aim of this study is to compare redeveloping biofilms on natural teeth and dentures.
METHODS
Supragingival plaque samples were taken from 55 dentate individuals and the denture teeth of 62 edentulous individuals before and after professional cleaning. Also, samples from seven "teeth" (samples included dentures) in randomly selected quadrants were collected after 1, 2, 4, and 7 days of no oral hygiene. Samples were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Counts and proportions of 41 bacterial taxa were determined at each time point, and significant differences were determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Ecological succession was determined using a modified moving window analysis.
RESULTS
Mean total DNA probe counts were similar precleaning but were higher in dentate individuals at all post-cleaning visits (P <0.01). Precleaning edentate biofilms had higher counts and proportions of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus mutans, whereas dentate individuals had higher proportions of Tannerella forsythia, Selenomonas noxia, and Neisseria mucosa. By day 2, mean counts of all taxa were higher in natural teeth, and most remained higher at day 7 (P <0.01). Succession was more rapid and complex in dentate individuals. Both groups demonstrated increased proportions of S. mitis and S. oralis by day 1. N. mucosa, Veillonella parvula, and Eikenella corrodens increased in both groups, but later in samples from edentate individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
"Mature" natural and denture teeth biofilms have similar total numbers of bacteria but different species proportions. Post-cleaning biofilm redevelopment is more rapid and more complex on natural teeth than on denture teeth.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Bacterial Load; Bacteroides; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Dental Prophylaxis; Denture, Complete; Eikenella corrodens; Follow-Up Studies; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Male; Microbial Consortia; Middle Aged; Neisseria mucosa; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Selenomonas; Streptococcus mitis; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus oralis; Streptococcus sanguis; Tooth; Tooth, Artificial; Veillonella; Young Adult
PubMed: 22443543
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110506