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PloS One 2024Developing web-based education sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs for immigrant women is crucial. This scoping review aims to provide basic data for... (Review)
Review
Developing web-based education sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs for immigrant women is crucial. This scoping review aims to provide basic data for developing more advanced programs by examining web-based educational program literature. This review considers web-based SRH education programs for adult immigrant women and focuses on their characteristics, instructional strategies, and outcome evaluations. Data will be extracted following the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) and Kirkpatrick level and summarized to show future-oriented results while documenting web-based approach evidence for educating immigrant women on SRH. It is expected to provide information for web-based education programs to meet the MISP and develop various evaluation methods. As such, the findings can be used to determine the direction and level of SRH education.
Topics: Humans; Female; Emigrants and Immigrants; Reproductive Health; Internet; Sexual Health; Sex Education; Health Education
PubMed: 38814976
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298551 -
Disease Models & Mechanisms May 2024Evidence suggests the presence of microglial activation and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of adult motor...
Evidence suggests the presence of microglial activation and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of adult motor neuron disease. However, few studies have investigated whether the miRNA dysregulation originates from microglia. Furthermore, TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP), involved in miRNA biogenesis, aggregates in tissues of ∼98% of ALS cases. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether expression of the ALS-linked TDP-43M337V mutation in a transgenic mouse model dysregulates microglia-derived miRNAs. RNA sequencing identified several dysregulated miRNAs released by transgenic microglia and a differential miRNA release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia, which was more pronounced in cells from female mice. We validated the downregulation of three candidate miRNAs, namely, miR-16-5p, miR-99a-5p and miR-191-5p, by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and identified their predicted targets, which primarily include genes involved in neuronal development and function. These results suggest that altered TDP-43 function leads to changes in the miRNA population released by microglia, which may in turn be a source of the miRNA dysregulation observed in the disease. This has important implications for the role of neuroinflammation in ALS pathology and could provide potential therapeutic targets.
Topics: Microglia; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; MicroRNAs; Animals; Female; Mice, Transgenic; Male; Mutation; Sex Characteristics; DNA-Binding Proteins; Mice; Extracellular Space; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Gene Expression Regulation
PubMed: 38813848
DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050638 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica May 2024Registers recording only 1 tumour per patient do not enable assessment of the real burden of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. To investigate recent changes in the...
Registers recording only 1 tumour per patient do not enable assessment of the real burden of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. To investigate recent changes in the incidence and characteristics of tumours, a retrospective 15-year patient cohort study was performed in Finland. Histopathological diagnoses of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 were obtained from the pathology database and clinical data from patient medical records and combined with previously collected data for the years 2006-2015. Altogether 1,472 patients with 2,056 tumours were identified. The crude incidence increased from 19/100,000 persons in 2006 to 42 in 2020 (p < 0.001), increasing most in people aged over 80 years. The percentage of tumours located on the trunk increased from 5.3% during the first 5-year period, 2006-2010, to 9.0% in 2016-2020. Also, the location of tumours was significantly different between men and women, as men had more tumours on the scalp and ears, and women on the lower limbs. A slight change in the tumours from poorly to well differentiated and a decrease in the invasion depth were noted between 2006 and 2020. As the burden of tumours continues to increase, more attention should be paid to their prevention.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Finland; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Incidence; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Middle Aged; Adult; Time Factors; Sex Distribution; Age Distribution; Young Adult; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Adolescent; Child
PubMed: 38813742
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.39891 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is one of the most common types of vasculitis in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is one of the most common types of vasculitis in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of the disease, and the effects of age and sex on the clinical course in children with IgAV.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective study including pediatric patients diagnosed with IgAV who attended follow-ups at the pediatric rheumatology department of a tertiary healthcare institution between January 1997 and December 2020. The patients were grouped and compared according to sex and age at diagnosis (<7 years vs. ≥7 years).
RESULTS
The study included 709 children with IgAV, 392 (55.3%) of whom were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.9 ± 3.2 years. The most common disease onset season was autumn (31.2%). Upper respiratory infections (27.8%) were the most common predisposing factors. Gastrointestinal system (GIS), joint, and renal involvement were observed in 52.8%, 47.5%, and 17.5% of patients, respectively. Renal involvement, GIS involvement, and disease relapse were significantly more common among those diagnosed after 7 years of age compared to those diagnosed before the age of 7 (p < 0.001, p = 0.033, and p < 0.001, respectively). Scrotal involvement and subcutaneous edema were more common among those diagnosed at younger than 7 years compared to those aged ≥7 years at diagnosis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). GIS involvement was more frequently seen in males compared to females (p = 0.046).
CONCLUSION
It was demonstrated that being ≥7 years of age at diagnosis or being a male were associated with higher likelihood of renal and GIS involvement in children with IgAV.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Sex Factors; Age Factors; Adolescent; Immunoglobulin A; Seasons; Vasculitis
PubMed: 38813037
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5700 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Data on the prevalence of allergic diseases in children with proven drug allergies are limited. We aim to evaluate the frequency of allergic comorbidity in children with...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Data on the prevalence of allergic diseases in children with proven drug allergies are limited. We aim to evaluate the frequency of allergic comorbidity in children with proven common drug allergies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Children with drug hypersensitivity confirmed by diagnostic allergy tests at our center between January 2010 and December 2020 were screened retrospectively. Patients with the most common drug allergies (due to antibiotics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], and antiepileptic drugs) were selected for analysis. Age, sex, the culprit drug, initial reaction characteristics, diagnostic test results, and the study physician who diagnosed concomitant allergic diseases were noted.
RESULTS
A total of 168 patients (boys, 51.2%) with a median age of 12 years (IQR = 8-16.3) were included in the study. The culprit drug was an antibiotic in 63% (n = 106), NSAID in 25% (n = 42) and anticonvulsant in 11.9 % (n = 20) of the patients. Drug hypersensitivity reactions were immediate in 74.4 % (n = 125) and delayed in 25.6 % (n = 43) of the patients. Seventy-five patients (44.6 %) had at least one allergic disease, most commonly rhinitis (27.3 %, n = 46) or asthma (25 %, n = 42). Fifty-five patients underwent skin prick tests with aeroallergens, producing a positive result in 60% (n = 31). The prevalence of allergic disease was not differing according to the culprit drug. The frequency of developing at least one concomitant allergic disease was 47.2% (n = 50/106) for antibiotic hypersensitivity, 52.4% (n = 22/42) for NSAID hypersensitivity, and 15% (n = 3/20) for anticonvulsant hypersensitivity (p < 0.00).Immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions were more frequent in children who had allergic diseases (80 % vs. 64.5 %; p = 0.027).
CONCLUSION
Nearly half (44.6%) of the children with proven drug hypersensitivity had concomitant allergic diseases and immediate reactions were more common in this group. Children evaluated for drug hypersensitivity should be assessed for other allergic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Child; Male; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Retrospective Studies; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anticonvulsants; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; Asthma; Comorbidity
PubMed: 38812629
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5793 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Sex-based differences in immune cell composition and function can contribute to distinct adaptive immune responses. Prior work has quantified these differences in...
Sex-based differences in immune cell composition and function can contribute to distinct adaptive immune responses. Prior work has quantified these differences in peripheral blood, but little is known about sex differences within human lymphoid tissues. Here, we characterized the composition and phenotypes of adaptive immune cells from male and female ex vivo tonsils and evaluated their responses to influenza antigens using an immune organoid approach. In a pediatric cohort, female tonsils had more memory B cells compared to male tonsils direct ex vivo and after stimulation with live-attenuated but not inactivated vaccine, produced higher influenza-specific antibody responses. Sex biases were also observed in adult tonsils but were different from those measured in children. Analysis of peripheral blood immune cells from vaccinated adults also showed higher frequencies of tissue homing CD4 T cells in female participants. Together, our data demonstrate that distinct memory B and T cell profiles are present in male vs. female lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood respectively and suggest that these differences may in part explain sex biases in response to vaccines and viruses.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Child; Palatine Tonsil; Adult; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Sex Characteristics; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Antibodies, Viral; Memory B Cells; Organ Specificity; Young Adult; Sex Factors; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; B-Lymphocytes; Immunologic Memory
PubMed: 38812520
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373537 -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Jun 2024Little is known about factors that influence footwear selection by field hockey players.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about factors that influence footwear selection by field hockey players.
METHODS
An online survey was used to collect data on participant demographics and physical characteristics, factors influencing footwear selection, perceptions regarding footwear design features on injury and performance, and experiences regarding usability. Nominal and ordinal data were described as absolute frequencies and relative frequencies. Free text responses were analysed using content analysis. Sex-related differences in quantitative and qualitative data were explored.
RESULTS
A total of 401 hockey players completed the survey. Participants reported that fit, comfort, support, and cushioning were the most important factors when selecting hockey footwear. Most hockey players believed that stud design could influence athletic performance (65%) and injury risk (63%) but reported having no preference on outsole design or stud shape. Most participants (63%) used hockey-specific footwear, but 46% of female hockey players did not, with 40% using trail running footwear instead. Qualitative analysis revealed that hockey players, particularly female participants, encounter difficulties finding properly fitting footwear. They desire more options for wide or narrow feet and face challenges in accessing suitable hockey shoes due to limited choices and availability.
CONCLUSIONS
With over a third of field hockey players not using hockey-specific footwear, future research should attempt to understand the reasons and assess the impact of different footwear features on comfort, performance, injury risk, and usability.
Topics: Humans; Hockey; Shoes; Female; Male; Adult; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Equipment Design; Athletic Performance; Sex Factors; Athletic Injuries; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38812247
DOI: 10.1002/jfa2.12019 -
Skeletal Muscle May 2024Intramuscular fat (IMAT) infiltration, pathological adipose tissue that accumulates between muscle fibers, is a shared hallmark in a diverse set of diseases including... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Intramuscular fat (IMAT) infiltration, pathological adipose tissue that accumulates between muscle fibers, is a shared hallmark in a diverse set of diseases including muscular dystrophies and diabetes, spinal cord and rotator cuff injuries, as well as sarcopenia. While the mouse has been an invaluable preclinical model to study skeletal muscle diseases, they are also resistant to IMAT formation. To better understand this pathological feature, an adequate pre-clinical model that recapitulates human disease is necessary. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive in-depth comparison between three widely used mouse strains: C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvlmJ and CD1. We evaluated the impact of strain, sex and injury type on IMAT formation, myofiber regeneration and fibrosis. We confirm and extend previous findings that a Glycerol (GLY) injury causes significantly more IMAT and fibrosis compared to Cardiotoxin (CTX). Additionally, females form more IMAT than males after a GLY injury, independent of strain. Of all strains, C57BL/6J mice, both females and males, are the most resistant to IMAT formation. In regard to injury-induced fibrosis, we found that the 129S strain formed the least amount of scar tissue. Surprisingly, C57BL/6J of both sexes demonstrated complete myofiber regeneration, while both CD1 and 129S1/SvlmJ strains still displayed smaller myofibers 21 days post injury. In addition, our data indicate that myofiber regeneration is negatively correlated with IMAT and fibrosis. Combined, our results demonstrate that careful consideration and exploration are needed to determine which injury type, mouse model/strain and sex to utilize as preclinical model especially for modeling IMAT formation.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Regeneration; Muscle, Skeletal; Mice; Adipose Tissue; Fibrosis; Disease Models, Animal; Sex Characteristics; Species Specificity; Glycerol; Mice, 129 Strain
PubMed: 38812056
DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00344-4 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome May 2024Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is a common and insidious postoperative complication. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the...
Relationship between preoperative high triglyceride-glucose index and myocardial injury following non-cardiac surgery in advanced-age patients: a retrospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is a common and insidious postoperative complication. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and MINS in advanced-age patients.
METHODS
We performed a single-center retrospective study including patients ≥ 65 years of age who underwent non-cardiac surgery. The relationship between TyG and MINS was investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis involved three models: Model I adjusted for preoperative factors, Model II adjusted for surgery-related factors, and Model III adjusted for both preoperative and surgery-related factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the confounding effects of covariates. Subgroup analyses were then performed to evaluate the relationship between TyG and MINS in various subsamples.
RESULTS
A total of 7789 patients were studied, among whom 481 (6.2%) developed MINS. A cut-off value of TyG of 8.57 was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to be associated with the best predictive performance. Participants with TyG ≥ 8.57 were at a higher risk of developing MINS than those with TyG < 8.57 [n = 273 (7.6%) vs. n = 208 (4.9%), respectively; p < 0.001]. The univariate analysis showed that TyG ≥ 8.57 was significantly associated with MINS in elderly patients [odds ratio (OR): 1.58; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.32-1.91; p < 0.001)]. In multivariate logistic regression, adjustments were made for risk factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, coronary heart disease, and duration of surgery, etc. The adjusted ORs for TyG ≥ 8.57 were 1.46 (95%CI: 1.17-1.82), p = 0.001; 1.46 (95%CI: 1.19-1.77), p < 0.001; and 1.43 (95%CI: 1.13-1.81), p = 0.003, in the three multivariate models, respectively. The relationship remained after PSM (adjusted OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78, p = 0.029). Furthermore, the relationship between TyG and MINS remained in a number of subgroups in the sensitivity analyses, but not in participants with peripheral vascular stenosis.
CONCLUSIONS
A preoperative high TyG (≥ 8.57) is associated with a higher risk of MINS in advanced-age patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
PubMed: 38812035
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01348-2 -
Journal of Translational Medicine May 2024The appropriate use of predictive equations in estimating body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) depends on the device used and the subject's... (Review)
Review
The appropriate use of predictive equations in estimating body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) depends on the device used and the subject's age, geographical ancestry, healthy status, physical activity level and sex. However, the presence of many isolated predictive equations in the literature makes the correct choice challenging, since the user may not distinguish its appropriateness. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to classify each predictive equation in accordance with the independent parameters used. Sixty-four studies published between 1988 and 2023 were identified through a systematic search of international electronic databases. We included studies providing predictive equations derived from criterion methods, such as multi-compartment models for fat, fat-free and lean soft mass, dilution techniques for total-body water and extracellular water, total-body potassium for body cell mass, and magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography for skeletal muscle mass. The studies were excluded if non-criterion methods were employed or if the developed predictive equations involved mixed populations without specific codes or variables in the regression model. A total of 106 predictive equations were retrieved; 86 predictive equations were based on foot-to-hand and 20 on segmental technology, with no equations used the hand-to-hand and leg-to-leg. Classifying the subject's characteristics, 19 were for underaged, 26 for adults, 19 for athletes, 26 for elderly and 16 for individuals with diseases, encompassing both sexes. Practitioners now have an updated list of predictive equations for assessing body composition using BIA. Researchers are encouraged to generate novel predictive equations for scenarios not covered by the current literature.Registration code in PROSPERO: CRD42023467894.
Topics: Electric Impedance; Humans; Body Composition; Male; Female; Reference Standards; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38812005
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05272-x