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Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2024Vascular anomalies comprise a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations related to disturbances in the blood or lymph vessels. They correspond to mainly tumors... (Review)
Review
Vascular anomalies comprise a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations related to disturbances in the blood or lymph vessels. They correspond to mainly tumors (especially hemangiomas), characterized by high mitotic activity and proliferation of the vascular endothelium, and malformations, endowed with normal mitotic activity and no hypercellularity or changes in the rate of cell turnover. However, the classifications of these lesions go beyond this dichotomy and consist various systems adapted for and by different clinical subgroups. Thus, the classifications have not reached a consensus and have historically caused confusion regarding the nomenclatures and definitions. Cavernous venous malformations of the orbit, previously called cavernous hemangiomas, are the most common benign vascular orbital lesions in adults. Herein, we have compiled and discussed the various evidences, including clinical, radiological, morphological, and molecular evidence that indicate the non-neoplastic nature of these lesions.
Topics: Humans; Hemangioma, Cavernous; Orbital Neoplasms; Orbit; Vascular Malformations
PubMed: 38655941
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.2023-0338 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Apr 2024Endoscopic endonasal surgery is effective in the treatment of sinonasal cancers. However, in cases of well-differentiated locally advanced neoplasms as well as...
OBJECTIVE
Endoscopic endonasal surgery is effective in the treatment of sinonasal cancers. However, in cases of well-differentiated locally advanced neoplasms as well as recurrences, the most appropriate treatment is debated. The purpose of this study is to report a mono-institutional experience on craniofacial surgery performed in a tertiary-care referral centre.
METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of 90 patients treated with transcranial and/or transfacial resection for sinonasal cancer between 2010 and 2020. Outcome measures included overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).
RESULTS
The 5-year OS, DSS and DFS were 48.2%, 60.6% and 28.7%, respectively. Factors correlated with prognosis were pT-classification (p = 0.002), histotype (p = 0.012) and dural involvement (p = 0.004). Independent prognostic factors were orbital apex infiltration (p = 0.03), age (p = 0.002) and adjuvant therapy (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
When endoscopic endonasal surgery is contraindicated and chemoradiotherapy is not appropriate, craniofacial and transfacial approaches still represent an option to consider, despite the non-negligible morbidity.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Aged; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Endoscopy; Time Factors; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 38651554
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N2375 -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2024The study's purpose was to compare the quality of life (QoL) in oncologic patients treated with different rehabilitation protocols following maxillary tumor resections.
OBJECTIVE
The study's purpose was to compare the quality of life (QoL) in oncologic patients treated with different rehabilitation protocols following maxillary tumor resections.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The patients were divided into three groups. Group A: 18 Patients with maxillary obturator prosthesis. Group B: 17 Patients with simultaneous autologous tissue reconstruction. Group C: 12 Patients with prosthesis on zygomatic implants. The post-operative QoL was compared using standard questionnaires, investigating items like pain, mood, social relations, and specific functions that could potentially compromise the post-operative QoL. A secondary analysis compared reconstructed vs. non-reconstructed patients.
RESULTS
Most questionnaire items did not show significant differences among groups. Statistically significant outcomes were found in two parameters (social contact and sexuality), in which patients treated with zygomatic implants had the best satisfaction, and patients with obturator prostheses showed the lowest satisfaction. Patients belonging to the non-reconstructed group showed better moods than those in the reconstructed group, while taste problem complaints and pain were lower in the reconstructed group.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the type of reconstruction procedure depends on the type of maxillectomy to be performed and on the general health situation of each patient, the impact of the rehabilitation protocol on the patients' QoL should be accounted for when planning the treatment.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Palatal Obturators; Maxilla; Maxillary Neoplasms; Pain
PubMed: 38639511
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202404_35900 -
Cancer Reports (Hoboken, N.J.) Apr 2024Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (POF) is a rare craniofacial neoplasm, primarily affecting the maxillofacial region, and typically observed in adolescents and young...
BACKGROUND
Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (POF) is a rare craniofacial neoplasm, primarily affecting the maxillofacial region, and typically observed in adolescents and young adults. This case report presents a unique occurrence of POF in a 50-year-old male, defying the conventional age range and exhibiting an unusual anatomical location within the frontal sinus.
CASE
A 50-year-old male with a prior history of cecal adenocarcinoma and colectomy presented with left eye proptosis and new-onset headaches. Imaging revealed a well-defined calcified mass in the left frontal sinus, leading to a diagnosis of POF. Open surgical resection was performed to remove the tumor, and histopathological evaluation confirmed its diagnosis as psammomatoid ossifying fibroma. The patient exhibited no postoperative complications or signs of recurrence.
CONCLUSION
This case underscores the diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges associated with POF, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary collaboration. Further research is needed to explore the genetic underpinnings and optimal management strategies for this intriguing condition.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Humans; Middle Aged; Fibroma, Ossifying; Frontal Sinus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 38627899
DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2063 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2024
Topics: Humans; Orbital Neoplasms; Eye Neoplasms
PubMed: 38621648
DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100059 -
Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jul 2024We report a rarely occurring hematologic neoplasm in a young adult. Hematologic neoplasms were first described in 2008 and are now included in both accepted tumor...
We report a rarely occurring hematologic neoplasm in a young adult. Hematologic neoplasms were first described in 2008 and are now included in both accepted tumor classification systems, i.e., International Consensus Classification and World Health Organization. This hematologic neoplasm shows a characteristic ALK positivity in immunohistochemical examination and correspondingly, ALK fusion genes in the molecular analysis. Pathologists should be aware of this entity, particularly as it is challenging to differentiate from other more frequent neoplasms of the same disease group or mesenchymal neoplasm with ALK aberration.
Topics: Humans; Diagnosis, Differential; Osteolysis; Mandibular Neoplasms; Male; Adult; Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; Young Adult; Female
PubMed: 38602523
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-024-01321-w -
Digital Journal of Ophthalmology : DJO 2024Cavernous hemangioma, currently known as "cavernous venous malformation," is a common, benign, non-infiltrative, slowly progressive vascular malformation of the orbit...
Cavernous hemangioma, currently known as "cavernous venous malformation," is a common, benign, non-infiltrative, slowly progressive vascular malformation of the orbit presenting in adults. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with a painless palpable mass over the right upper eyelid of 7 years' duration. A computed tomography scan of the orbits revealed a heterogeneously enhancing, well-circumscribed mass in the right upper eyelid with no orbital extension. A transcutaneous excisional biopsy with histopathology disclosed cavernous venous malformation. The majority of cavernous venous malformations are intraconal and present in the fourth to fifth decade of life.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Child; Orbital Neoplasms; Hemangioma, Cavernous; Orbit; Vascular Malformations; Eyelids
PubMed: 38601899
DOI: 10.5693/djo.02.2023.08.002 -
Diagnostic Pathology Apr 2024Cementoblastoma is a rare odontogenic tumor characterized by the formation of osteocementum-like tissue on a tooth root directly by neoplastic cementoblasts. Although it...
BACKGROUND
Cementoblastoma is a rare odontogenic tumor characterized by the formation of osteocementum-like tissue on a tooth root directly by neoplastic cementoblasts. Although it is categorized as benign, it has a high potential for growth with a certain degree of recurrence risk. However, there are only a few studies describing the features of recurrent cementoblastoma. The diagnosis of recurrent cementoblastoma is challenging not only due to its cytological atypia but also because of its large size and multicentric growth pattern. These characteristics suggest a potential for malignancy.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 29-year-old woman was transferred to our university dental hospital complaining of swelling of the right mandible. She had a history of enucleation of cementoblastoma associated with the third molar of the right mandible. Five years after the initial treatment, imaging demonstrated well-circumscribed multicentric radiopaque lesions in the same area. Histologically, the lesion consisted of osteocementum-like tissue rimmed with polygonal or plump tumor cells. Several cells were large epithelioid cells with bizarre nucleoli, which may be reminiscent of malignant tumors. Otherwise, there were no apparent malignant findings, including proliferative activity or atypical mitotic figure. Besides, tumor cells were positive for c-FOS, a marker of osteoblastoma and cementoblastoma. Eventually, the patient was diagnosed with recurrent cementoblastoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Pathological analyses of this case suggested that the recurrent event in the cementoblastoma altered its growth pattern and tumor cell shape. Moreover, in the case of enucleation surgery, long-term follow-up is important because there is some recurrent risk of cementoblastoma, although it is not high.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Mandibular Neoplasms; Cementoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Tooth Root; Mandible
PubMed: 38589906
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01479-0 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2024Interstitial brachytherapy is a form of intensive local irradiation that facilitates the effective protection of surrounding structures and the preservation of organ...
BACKGROUND
Interstitial brachytherapy is a form of intensive local irradiation that facilitates the effective protection of surrounding structures and the preservation of organ functions, resulting in a favourable therapeutic response. As surgical robots can perform needle placement with a high level of accuracy, our team developed a fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot, and this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of fully automatic radioactive seed placement for the treatment of tumours in the skull base.
METHODS
A fully automatic radioactive seed placement robot was established, and 4 phantoms of skull base tumours were built for experimental validation. All the phantoms were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scans. Then, the CT data were imported into the Remebot software to design the preoperative seed placement plan. After the phantoms were fixed in place, navigation registration of the Remebot was carried out, and the automatic seed placement device was controlled to complete the needle insertion and particle placement operations. After all of the seeds were implanted in the 4 phantoms, postoperative image scanning was performed, and the results were verified via image fusion.
RESULTS
A total of 120 seeds were implanted in 4 phantoms. The average error of seed placement was (2.51 ± 1.44) mm.
CONCLUSION
This study presents an innovative, fully automated radioactive particle implantation system utilizing the Remebot device, which can successfully complete automated localization, needle insertion, and radioactive particle implantation procedures for skull base tumours. The phantom experiments showed the robotic system to be reliable, stable, efficient and safe. However, further research on the needle-soft tissue interaction and deformation mechanism of needle puncture is still needed.
Topics: Humans; Robotics; Skull Base Neoplasms; Dental Implants; Phantoms, Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38580965
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04089-w -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Apr 2024Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell neoplasm. Whether solitary or associated with multiple myeloma (MM), it rarely involves the skull base, particularly the sphenoid...
Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell neoplasm. Whether solitary or associated with multiple myeloma (MM), it rarely involves the skull base, particularly the sphenoid bone. We present a unique case of sphenoid bone plasmacytoma secondary to MM, highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 56-year-old female presented with headaches, vomiting, epistaxis, and cranial nerve deficits. Cerebral imaging revealed a 65-mm tumor infiltrating the sphenoid bone and adjacent structures. Subtotal resection was performed using an endoscopic nasal approach. Histopathology revealed plasmacytoma, and diagnostic workup confirmed MM. By the end of biological exploration, relapse of the sphenoid plasmacytoma was observed, and the patient was successfully treated with radiotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and autologous stem cell transplantation. After 18-month follow-up, sustained complete remission was confirmed. Although rare, the diagnosis of plasmacytoma should be considered in cases of skull base tumors. This localization is highly predictive of MM, warranting comprehensive investigations to initiate prompt and adequate management.
PubMed: 38572279
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae199