-
Frontiers in Dentistry 2024This study assessed the effects of two remineralizing agents namely MI Paste Plus containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACFP) and...
This study assessed the effects of two remineralizing agents namely MI Paste Plus containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACFP) and Remin Pro containing hydroxyapatite, fluoride and xylitol (HFX) with/without erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) and CO laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness. In this in vitro study, 70 sound human premolars were mesiodistally sectioned, demineralized at a pH of 4.6 for 8 hours, and randomly divided into 7 remineralization groups (n=10): of (I) MI Paste Plus (CPP-ACFP), (II) Remin Pro (HFX), (III) MI Paste Plus+CO laser (0.7 W power, 50 Hz), (IV) Remin Pro+CO laser, (V) MI Paste Plus+Er:YAG laser (1 W power, 10 Hz), (VI) Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser, and (VII) negative control. The Vickers hardness number of specimens was then measured. The groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The mean microhardness was 319.8±49.9, 325.3±44.6, 359.4±35.7, 296.4±33.7, 319.9±58.1, 358.9±28.4, and 240.0±41.6 kg/mm2 in groups 1 to 7, respectively. The difference in microhardness was significant among the groups (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in microhardness between all groups (P≤0.03) except between groups 1 and 2, 1 and 5, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 (P>0.05). Both Remin Pro (containing HFX) and MI Paste Plus (containing CPP-ACFP) can cause enamel remineralization. MI Paste Plus+CO laser irradiation and Remin Pro+Er:YAG laser irradiation were significantly more effective than the application of each remineralizing agent alone
PubMed: 38742220
DOI: 10.18502/fid.v21i11.15223 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels...
We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels in alcohols and aqueous mixtures of high-polar solvents. Rheological studies showed that the DMSO/water (1:1, /) gels were mechanically stronger compared to other gels, and a similar trend was observed for thermal stability. Powder X-ray analysis of the xerogel obtained from various aqueous gels revealed that the packing modes of the gelators in these systems were similar. The stimuli-responsive properties of the N-BTA towards sodium/potassium salts indicated that the gel network collapsed in the presence of more nucleophilic anions such as cyanide, fluoride, and chloride salts at the MGC, but the gel network was intact when in contact with nitrate, sulphate, acetate, bromide, and iodide salts, indicating the anion-responsive properties of N-BTA gels. Anion-induced gel formation was observed for less nucleophilic anions below the MGC of N-BTA. The ability of N-BTA gels to act as an adsorbent for hazardous anionic and cationic dyes in water was evaluated. The results indicated that the ethanolic gels of N-BTA successfully absorbed methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from water. This work demonstrates the potential of the N-BTA gelator to act as a stimuli-responsive material and a promising candidate for water purification.
PubMed: 38731640
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092149 -
RSC Advances May 2024Enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) are usually caused by the dissolution of minerals (mainly calcium and phosphate) on the tooth surface due to the acidic environment in...
Enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) are usually caused by the dissolution of minerals (mainly calcium and phosphate) on the tooth surface due to the acidic environment in the oral cavity. Without timely intervention, WSLs may lead to white spots or a sense of transparency on the tooth surface, and even the formation of dental caries (tooth decay) in severe cases. The key to preventing and treating WSLs is inhibiting the activity of acid-producing bacteria and promoting the remineralization of demineralized enamel. In this study, the network structure formed by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linked chitosan was used to stabilize calcium phosphate, and the multifunctional nanocomposite was constructed by integrating antibacterial components of traditional Chinese medicine, honokiol nanoparticles (HK-NPs) and sodium fluoride to achieve the purpose of resisting cariogenic bacteria and remineralizing with sustained release of calcium and phosphate ions. Notably, we enhanced the remineralization effect of nanocomposites with the help of functional nanocoatings inspired by the mussel biomimetic coating. The experimental results show that the synergistic remineralization effect of nanocomposite and nanocoating is better than that of a single strategy. This multi-prong treatment strategy provides the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of WSLs.
PubMed: 38720974
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01143k -
Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and... May 2024The staging and treatment planning of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) face challenges due to limited sensitivity of conventional imaging. F-sodium fluoride (F-NaF)...
The potential advantages of F sodium fluoride positron emission tomography-computed tomography for clinical staging and management planning in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
The staging and treatment planning of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) face challenges due to limited sensitivity of conventional imaging. F-sodium fluoride (F-NaF) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) offers potential advantages in detecting early bone involvement. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the potential advantage of F-NaF PET/CT for clinical staging and management planning in patients with NPC and to compare F-NaF PET/CT findings with those of conventional imaging modalities.
METHODS
We enrolled a cohort of patients with NPC who underwent F-NaF PET/CT at our PET/CT center between July 1, 2017, and June 30, 2021, and analyzed the findings of F-NaF PET/CT and conventional imaging modalities. Data from multidisciplinary team discussions on clinical staging and management planning both before and after F-NaF PET/CT were recorded. Additionally, any changes in clinical staging and management planning following F-NaF PET/CT were documented.
RESULTS
A total of 58 patients were included in this study. After F-NaF PET/CT imaging, clinical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging was observed to have changed in seven cases (12.1%). Among these, four cases had changes in T stage and three cases in the M stage. Additionally, changes in clinical management plans were observed in eight patients (13.8%). Changes due the results of F-NaF PET/CT included three cases with major modification (two cases switched from curative treatment to palliative treatment, and one case switched from palliative treatment to curative treatment) and five cases with minor changes. The minor changes involved alteration to the radiotherapy target volume (three cases with an increased target volume and one case with a reduced target area). Furthermore, one case required an alteration to the radiotherapy strategy for local bone involvement.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of F-NaF PET/CT in patients newly diagnosed with NPC may offer potential advantages for clinical staging and treatment planning, enabling physicians to select a more individualized treatment approach.
PubMed: 38720843
DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1671 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica May 2024The purpose of the present in vitro study is to investigate and compare the remineralising potential of Moringa Oleifera extract, eggshell, and sodium fluoride varnish...
Enamel remineralisation prospect of Moringa Oleifera hydrogel, eggshell hydrogel versus sodium fluoride varnish on artificially demineralised primary teeth: in vitro study.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the present in vitro study is to investigate and compare the remineralising potential of Moringa Oleifera extract, eggshell, and sodium fluoride varnish on microhardness of artificially demineralised enamel of primary teeth with biomimetic minimally invasive approach following the world paradigm shift towards natural products in paediatric dentistry.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sample size included 44 primary molars. The mineral content and surface microhardness of all specimens were initially assessed using energy dispersive x-ray examination (EDX) and Vickers microhardness. The specimens were artificially demineralised for 96 h at a temperature of 37°C and then reassessed directly after demineralisation. The demineralised enamel specimens were randomly divided into four groups according to the remineralisation regimen utilised. Group 1: Artificial saliva (control); Group 2: Sodium fluoride varnish; Group 3: Eggshell hydrogel; and Group 4: Moringa Oleifera hydrogel. The specimens were stored for 8 days and then subsequently evaluated using EDX and microhardness assessment by Vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Regarding the microhardness test, there was a significant difference between the Moringa Oleifera group and Eggshell group compared to fluoride varnish (p < 0.05). Regarding EDX analysis, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between Moringa Oleifera group and Eggshell group compared to fluoride varnish as the highest values were for Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell in both the measurements.
CONCLUSION
Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell might be considered as a biomimetic natural material capable of guiding enamel tissue remineralisation in early carious lesion of primary teeth.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This research demonstrated the capability for early enamel caries to be remineralised using novel materials with a naturally counterpart implicated in biomineralisation as proved to be more effective than traditionally used fluoride varnish in primary teeth.
Topics: Sodium Fluoride; Tooth, Deciduous; Egg Shell; Humans; Hydrogels; Moringa oleifera; Tooth Remineralization; Animals; In Vitro Techniques; Fluorides, Topical; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dental Enamel; Hardness; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Tooth Demineralization
PubMed: 38709122
DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40623 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2024This study aimed to assess the effect of a nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) toothpaste on erosive enamel lesions of third molars induced by exposure to orange juice.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the effect of a nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) toothpaste on erosive enamel lesions of third molars induced by exposure to orange juice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this , experimental study, the microhardness of 24 sound-extracted third molars was measured by a Vickers tester. The teeth were then randomly assigned to three groups ( = 8) of nano-HA toothpaste (Pharmed), 1.23% sodium fluoride gel, and artificial saliva. The teeth were exposed to orange juice for 5 min daily for 7 days and were then exposed to nano-HA toothpaste, fluoride gel, or artificial saliva (depending on their group allocation) for 10 min a day. The microhardness of the teeth was measured again after 7 days. Data were analyzed using paired -test, analysis of variance, and Bonferroni test (alpha = 0.05).
RESULTS
Within-group comparisons showed a significant reduction in microhardness of the teeth after the intervention in artificial saliva ( = 0.000), and fluoride gel ( = 0.002) groups. However, no significant reduction occurred in the microhardness of the nano-HA group, compared with the baseline ( = 0.132). Between-group comparisons revealed no significant difference in the microhardness of the three groups at baseline ( > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the microhardness of the nano-HA group was significantly higher than that of other groups ( < 0.05). However, the difference in secondary microhardness between fluoride gel and artificial saliva groups was not significant ( = 1.00).
CONCLUSION
Pharmed toothpaste containing nano-HA has optimal efficacy for remineralization of enamel erosive lesions induced by exposure to orange juice.
PubMed: 38707662
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_104_23 -
RSC Advances Apr 2024For sodium batteries, the development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with remarkable electrochemical properties is in its early stage and persists to be a challenge....
A sodium ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte with counterbalance between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and tetra ethylene glycol dimethyl ether for electrochemical applications.
For sodium batteries, the development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with remarkable electrochemical properties is in its early stage and persists to be a challenge. In this report we have synthesized a series of GPEs containing a poly(vinyllidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as blend polymer, sodium perchlorate (NaClO) as ion-conducting salt and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF) and tetra ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) as molecular solvents. The counter balance between EMIM-BF and TEGDME is maintained by the electrolyte, which is formed through the optimal weight ratio of 2 : 1. GPEs have an advantageous set of properties, including stability window of 5 V, Na transference number of 0.20, and a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 5.8 × 10 S cm. According to enthalpy and entropy calculations, optimized GPE yields the highest amount of disorder or amorphicity and contributes to greatest conductivity. XRD analysis supports this argument. Thermal investigations show that optimized GPE may preserve gel phase up to 125 °C. The prototype sodium cell fabricated with optimize GPE has a specific capacity of 281 mA h g and open circuit voltage of 2.5 V. The optimized GPE exhibits potential for future electrochemical applications.
PubMed: 38690115
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01615g -
Dental and Medical Problems 2024Nano-silver fluoride (NSF) has been introduced to improve enamel lesions. The effective use of varnishes is important in the prevention of dental caries. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Nano-silver fluoride (NSF) has been introduced to improve enamel lesions. The effective use of varnishes is important in the prevention of dental caries.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to compare the effect of conventional sodium fluoride varnish with the same varnish containing 1% and 2% silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the surface microhardness of enamel.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The baseline surface microhardness of 40 premolar teeth was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester. After immersing the samples in a demineralizing agent for 24 h, the microhardness was measured again. In group B, a layer of conventional fluoride varnish was applied to the tooth surfaces using a microbrush with soft bristles, following the manufacturer's instructions. Groups C and D were treated with 1% and 2% NSF varnishes, respectively, while group A received no varnish. Surface microhardness tests were conducted on all specimens, including those previously tested.
RESULTS
The microhardness of the enamel surface increased significantly in all 3 test groups compared to the microhardness after demineralization (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Conventional fluoride varnish and fluoride varnishes containing 1% and 2% AgNP are equally effective in remineralizing initial caries.
Topics: Dental Enamel; Humans; Fluorides, Topical; Hardness; Cariostatic Agents; Silver Compounds; Metal Nanoparticles; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth Demineralization; Silver; Tooth Remineralization; Bicuspid; Surface Properties; Dental Caries; Fluorides
PubMed: 38686967
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/151702 -
Journal of the American Dental... Jun 2024Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) gel was developed to overcome the clinical limitations of liquids with children. The authors conducted a clinical trial to determine caries... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Using sequential applications of a novel silver diamine fluoride gel and sodium fluoride varnish to arrest severe early childhood caries lesions: A clinical trial with single group assignment.
BACKGROUND
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) gel was developed to overcome the clinical limitations of liquids with children. The authors conducted a clinical trial to determine caries lesion arrest in primary teeth at 1-year follow-up when 38% SDF gel and 2.5% sodium fluoride varnish were applied sequentially at the same appointment. Parent satisfaction was assessed.
METHODS
The study design was an open-label prospective, clinical trial with single group assignment. Participants were 237 children aged 3 through 4 years at enrollment and from 5 centros educativos iniciales (preschools). Eligible children had 1 or more d3 (cavitation into dentin) active caries lesions. Teeth with active caries lesions (cavitation confined to enamel [d2] or d3) were treated by applying 1 or 2 drops of viscous 38% SDF gel (Advantage Silver Dental Arrest Gel, Elevate Oral Care, LLC) dabbing the excess with cotton. Treated teeth were covered with 2.5% sodium fluoride varnish (Fluorimax, Elevate Oral Care, LLC) to mask the taste. Treatment was repeated at 5 months postexamination. The primary outcome was caries lesion (d2-d3) arrest at 1 year.
RESULTS
Two hundred nineteen children were available at the 1-year follow-up. There was a median of 21 (interquartile range [IQR], 13-34) active carious surfaces (d2-d3) at baseline. Median arrested carious surfaces was 92.6% (IQR, 81.1%-100.0%; 95% CI, 86.8% to 95.2%). When parents were asked whether they were bothered by the color change of teeth, the median response on a 10-point scale in which 1 equaled not bothered at all and 10 equaled very bothered was 1.0 (IQR, 1.0-2.0).
CONCLUSIONS
Two applications of 38% SDF gel and 2.5% sodium fluoride varnish arrested greater than 90% of carious surfaces at 1 year and with high levels of parental satisfaction.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Combined treatment was highly efficacious in a population with many caries lesions. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT05395065.
Topics: Humans; Silver Compounds; Fluorides, Topical; Dental Caries; Child, Preschool; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Cariostatic Agents; Prospective Studies; Female; Male; Sodium Fluoride; Gels; Treatment Outcome; Tooth, Deciduous; Follow-Up Studies; Patient Satisfaction
PubMed: 38678451
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2024.02.013 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024In this study, molecules of propyl gallate (PG) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) were covalently bonded via a transesterification reaction and subsequently...
In this study, molecules of propyl gallate (PG) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) were covalently bonded via a transesterification reaction and subsequently grafted onto polyvinylidene fluoride substrates using a homogeneous radiation grafting technique. The enhancement of the membranes' hydrophilicity with the increment of the grafting rate was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy imaging and measurements of the water contact angle. At a grafting degree of 10.1% and after a duration of 4 min, the water contact angle could decrease to as low as 40.1°. Cyclic flux testing demonstrated that the membranes modified in this manner consistently achieved a flux recovery rate exceeding 90% across varying degrees of grafting, indicating robust anti-fouling capabilities. Furthermore, these modified membranes exhibited significant antioxidant ability while maintaining antifouling performance over 30 days. The ability of the modified membranes to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals remained nearly unchanged after being stored in pure water for 30 days, and the flux recovery rate remained above 95% after immersion in sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 days. Among the tested membranes, the PVDF-g-PEGMAG modified membrane with a grafting degree of 7.2% showed the best antioxidant effect.
PubMed: 38673223
DOI: 10.3390/ma17081867