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Journal of Dentistry Apr 2024To compare the remineralisation efficacy and ion bioavailability of two novel SnF-containing dentifrices in a blinded, cross-over, randomised in situ clinical study. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To compare the remineralisation efficacy and ion bioavailability of two novel SnF-containing dentifrices in a blinded, cross-over, randomised in situ clinical study.
METHODS
Six participants wore removal palatal appliances holding human enamel and dentine blocks with subsurface lesions. Appliances were worn for two treatment periods of 14 consecutive days each, with a one-week washout period in-between. Participants were randomly allocated to rinse with a 1:5 diluted coded slurry of one of two dentifrices containing either 5 % casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) +1100 ppm F as SnF [MIPOP], or 1100 ppm F as SnF [CT], for 1 min, four times a day. Saliva was collected post-treatment and analysed for tin, calcium, inorganic phosphate and fluoride ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ion chromatography. Enamel and dentine lesions were analysed for percent remineralisation (%R) using transverse microradiography and percent surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR).
RESULTS
MIPOP released significantly higher F (3.00 ± 0.27 mM), Ca (15.23 ± 3.23 mM) and Sn (1.18 ± 0.13 mM) into saliva whereas CT released 2.89 ± 0.32 mM F and only 0.84 ± 0.11 mM Ca and 0.28 ± 0.10 mM Sn. MIPOP produced significantly higher %R than CT: 25.6 ± 1.5 % compared to 15.2 ± 0.7 % in enamel, and 33.6 ± 3.1 % compared to 20.6 ± 1.1 % in dentine. Additionally, MIPOP produced significantly higher %SMHR (18.2 ± 7.9 %) compared to CT (4.1 ± 0.6 %).
CONCLUSIONS
Both dentifrices promoted remineralisation, but the MIPOP dentifrice with added CPP-ACP and the ion-stabilising effects of CPP released higher amounts of bioavailable tin and produced significantly higher remineralisation and surface microhardness recovery.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Modern dentifrices contain SnF for a range of oral health benefits. Challenges associated with stability of these formulations can affect ion bioavailability, reducing efficacy. Two dentifrices with SnF promoted remineralisation in situ, however the dentifrice with the added saliva biomimetic CPP-ACP was superior and therefore may produce greater health benefits.
Topics: Humans; Tin Fluorides; Dentifrices; Sodium Fluoride; Tin; Tooth Remineralization; Fluorides; Dental Enamel; Cross-Over Studies; Dentin; Cariostatic Agents
PubMed: 38387598
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104895 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2024Tooth bleaching may negatively affect the enamel surface properties, such as reduction in hardness values, and remineralizing agents can reverse these effects. This...
OBJECTIVE
Tooth bleaching may negatively affect the enamel surface properties, such as reduction in hardness values, and remineralizing agents can reverse these effects. This study evaluated the effect of remineralizing agents before, during, and after the bleaching process on enamel's whitening effectiveness and microhardness.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
The initial color of 104 bovine incisors after immersion in tea solution was recorded, and then, the teeth were randomly divided into eight groups ( = 13). Group 1 (NC) was considered the control with no treatment, and Group 2 (B) was bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel. The 3% fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) and 2% sodium fluoride (NaF) were applied before (FHA/B, NaF/B), during (FHA + B, NaF + B) and after (B/FHA, B/NaF) the bleaching process in other groups. The final color and microhardness in three depths of 20-30, 50-60, and 100-120 m were measured. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA, Tukey, Games Howell, repeated measurement, and LSD tests.
RESULTS
The FHA + B presented the lowest , significantly lower than other groups, except B/FHA. The in B/FHA was significantly lower than B/NaF. The bleaching significantly reduced the enamel hardness in three depths. The highest microhardness values were reported for B/NaF and NaF + B, which have no noticeable difference with NC, while FHA/B showed the lowest hardness in three depths, which was significantly lower than NC.
CONCLUSION
The application of NaF before, during, and after the bleaching improved the microhardness of bleached enamel as the unbleached one with no adverse effect on whitening effectiveness.
PubMed: 38384326
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6893472 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2024We aimed to determine whether adhesive components could increase the release time of effective fluoride concentration from an experimental fluoride varnish applied to...
We aimed to determine whether adhesive components could increase the release time of effective fluoride concentration from an experimental fluoride varnish applied to bovine teeth. An experimental fluoride varnish containing 5% sodium fluoride (EX1) was prepared and combined with 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (EX2), 5% glutaraldehyde (EX3), or 35% HEMA/5% glutaraldehyde mixture (EX4). Two commercially available fluoride varnishes were used for comparison. Each group was applied to bovine incisors, and the fluoride release and pH were monitored for 30 days. Cell viability analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were performed. EX4 released the highest and most effective concentration of fluoride for the longest period and reached neutral pH at the earliest; the release was maintained for up to 30 days without cytotoxicity. In conclusion, EX4 is considered to be the most effective varnish to prevent dental caries.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Glutaral; Sodium Fluoride; Methacrylates
PubMed: 38382939
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-299 -
Journal of Dentistry Apr 2024The aim for this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a sodium fluoride varnish on step height measured by a profilometer from human enamel worn by healthy...
OBJECTIVES
The aim for this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a sodium fluoride varnish on step height measured by a profilometer from human enamel worn by healthy volunteers with a novel in situ/ex vivo erosion design.
METHOD
Healthy volunteers aged 18-70 years wore a palatal splint containing 8 human enamel samples and underwent two 3-day treatment periods for 6 h a day with a varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm and the control with the same ingredients but without fluoride. Each splint contained 4 polished and 4 unpolished samples. The interventions were applied to the surface of the enamel samples in randomised order, removed after 6 h, then immersed ex-vivo in 1 %, pH 2.7 citric acid for 2 min, repeated 4 times a day, over 2 days. Measurements of enamel were assessed blindly by microhardness on day 2 and by non-contact laser profilometry on day 3 for the two treatments.
RESULTS
24 volunteers, 2 males and 22 females aged 27-54 years, were screened and recruited. The delta microhardness, from polished samples removed at the end of day 2, for the control and fluoride treatment was 95.7 (22.9) kgf/mm and 123.7 (28.9) kgf/mm, respectively (p < .005). The mean (SD) step height for the control polished enamel surfaces was 3.67 (2.07) µm and for the fluoride varnish was 1.79 (1.01) µm (p < .0005). The control unpolished enamel surfaces had a mean 2.09 (1.53) µm and the fluoride varnish was 2.11 (1.53) µm but no statistical difference was detected.
CONCLUSIONS
The results from this pilot study, utilizing an in-situ model where enamel was exposed to acid over the course of 2 days, demonstrated that a high fluoride varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm prevented erosive wear compared to a control on the polished enamel surfaces.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Intra-oral study demonstrated that a high fluoride varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm reduced erosive tooth wear.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Fluorides; Sodium Fluoride; Fluorides, Topical; Pilot Projects; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Wear
PubMed: 38373521
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104884 -
Heliyon Feb 2024Polluted water contains a variety of toxic compounds that tend to affect human health. Farmers have recently looked at runoff wastewater as a source of irrigation water...
Polluted water contains a variety of toxic compounds that tend to affect human health. Farmers have recently looked at runoff wastewater as a source of irrigation water because it comes at no cost and is a more efficient alternative to potable water due to the high demand but limited supply. This present study assesses the quality and suitability of water sources used for irrigation at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology vegetable farmlands. The study specifically investigated the quality of water used for irrigation with the following parameters: pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chloride, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, oil and grease, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, sodium adsorption potential, alkalinity, conductivity, phosphate, , fecal and total coliforms. The results revealed that the water contained moderate levels of chloride and could be good for plant growth. The total coliform counts range from 2.1 × 10 to 4.15 × 10 MPN/100 mL, suggesting a relatively high microbial load in the irrigation water. The results also suggested that the sodium absorption ratio was very low and may not affect the quality of water for irrigation purposes. Fe levels far exceed the 5 mg/L maximum acceptable limits recommended by the WHO and FAO for the irrigation of vegetables. The high Fe concentration could discolor the leaves of some plants, especially foliage leaves. However, the levels of Cd were within the WHO maximum permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L.
PubMed: 38356531
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24913 -
Journal of the American Heart... Feb 2024Perfusion deficits contribute to symptom severity, morbidity, and death in peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, no standard method for quantifying absolute measures... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Perfusion deficits contribute to symptom severity, morbidity, and death in peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, no standard method for quantifying absolute measures of skeletal muscle perfusion exists. This study sought to preclinically test and clinically translate a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging approach using an atherosclerosis-targeted radionuclide, fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (F-NaF), to quantify absolute perfusion in PAD.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Eight Yorkshire pigs underwent unilateral femoral artery ligation and dynamic F-NaF PET/computed tomography imaging on the day of and 2 weeks after occlusion. Following 2-week imaging, calf muscles were harvested to quantify microvascular density. PET methodology was validated with microspheres in 4 additional pig studies and translated to patients with PAD (n=39) to quantify differences in calf perfusion across clinical symptoms/stages and perfusion responses in a case of revascularization. Associations between PET perfusion, ankle-brachial index, toe-brachial index, and toe pressure were assessed in relation to symptoms. F-NaF PET/computed tomography quantified significant deficits in calf perfusion in pigs following arterial occlusion and perfusion recovery 2 weeks after occlusion that coincided with increased muscle microvascular density. Additional studies confirmed that PET-derived perfusion measures agreed with microsphere-derived perfusion measures. Translation of imaging methods demonstrated significant decreases in calf perfusion with increasing severity of PAD and quantified perfusion responses to revascularization. Perfusion measures were also significantly associated with symptom severity, whereas traditional hemodynamic measures were not.
CONCLUSIONS
F-NaF PET imaging quantifies perfusion deficits that correspond to clinical stages of PAD and represents a novel perfusion imaging strategy that could be partnered with atherosclerosis-targeted F-NaF PET imaging using a single radioisotope injection.
REGISTRATION
URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03622359.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Perfusion; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Sodium Fluoride; Swine
PubMed: 38353265
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.031823 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024This study evaluates the ideal pH for anti-erosion and anti-adherent efficacy of fluoride and stannous solutions (sodium fluoride (SF), amine fluoride (AF),...
This study evaluates the ideal pH for anti-erosion and anti-adherent efficacy of fluoride and stannous solutions (sodium fluoride (SF), amine fluoride (AF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP), stannous fluoride (SnF) with 500 ppm fluoride concentration each and stannous chloride (SnCl, 1563 ppm stannous)). In vitro, solutions were tested at pH 4.5 and 5.5. The main in situ experiments were carried out at the pH of 4.5: For pellicle formation 6 volunteers wore bovine enamel slabs intraorally for 1 min, rinsed with 8 ml solution for 1 min and continued for up to 30 min/8 h. Physiological pellicle samples served as controls. After incubation in HCl (2.0, 2.3) for 2 min mineral release was determined photometrically. Bacterial counts on 8 h biofilms were determined by fluorescence microscopy (BacLight™ and DAPI with Concanavalin A). Modification of the pellicle ultrastructure was examined by TEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests with Bonferroni-correction (p < 0.05). SnF showed a significant erosion protection. AF, SnF, and SnCl were most anti-adherent. SnF and SnCl caused a pronounced basal pellicle with stannous precipitates. Compared to other fluoride monosubstances, stannous ions offer greater protection against erosive acidic attacks. Stannous ions act as crucial co-factor in this process.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Fluorides; Tooth Erosion; Tin Compounds; Sodium Fluoride; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38336814
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53732-7 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024Gingivitis is driven by plaque accumulation and, if left untreated, can progress to irreversible periodontitis. For many, the mechanical action of toothbrushing does not... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Gingivitis is driven by plaque accumulation and, if left untreated, can progress to irreversible periodontitis. For many, the mechanical action of toothbrushing does not achieve adequate plaque control. The aim of this study was to investigate whether twice-daily use of a toothpaste containing 0.2% high molecular weight (HMW) sodium hyaluronate with 67% sodium bicarbonate and 0.221% sodium fluoride (experimental toothpaste) could improve gingival health compared with a regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control). The study also assessed whether the experimental toothpaste could provide additive gingival health benefit over a toothpaste containing only 67% sodium bicarbonate and 0.221% sodium fluoride (positive control).
METHODS
This was a single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized, clinical study in healthy adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. At baseline, after abstaining from toothbrushing for 12 h, prospective participants underwent oral soft tissue (OST) and oral hard tissue examination followed by assessments for gingival inflammation (Modified Gingival Index [MGI]), gingival bleeding (Bleeding Index [BI]), and supra-gingival plaque (Turesky Plaque Index [TPI]). Eligible participants were stratified by gender and baseline number of bleeding sites (low: <45; high: ≥45 bleeding sites). Following randomization, participants underwent prophylactic dental treatment. Participants received a full OST examination, MGI, BI and TPI assessments after 3 days, 1, 2 and 6 weeks of product use.
RESULTS
In total, 110 participants were screened for study entry and all were randomized to receive one of three toothpastes (experimental: sodium hyaluronate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride; positive control: sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride; negative control: regular fluoride toothpaste). For all measures, significant improvements were observed in participants receiving either sodium bicarbonate-containing toothpaste (experimental or positive control) compared with the regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control) at week 6. No significant difference was observed in any assessment or visit comparing the experimental toothpaste with the positive control.
CONCLUSIONS
Both the experimental and the positive control toothpastes demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in gingival health compared with a regular fluoride toothpaste (negative control). However, no additional gingival health improvement was observed for the experimental toothpaste compared with the positive control, therefore, no additional gingival health benefit can be attributed to the inclusion of sodium hyaluronate in this formulation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04737538 (04/02/2021).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Toothpastes; Sodium Fluoride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Hyaluronic Acid; Fluorides; Prospective Studies; Gingivitis; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Sodium; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 38336635
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03981-9 -
3 Biotech Feb 2024Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is known for wide applications, biocompatibility, and degradability; however, it cannot be commercialized due to conventional recovery using...
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is known for wide applications, biocompatibility, and degradability; however, it cannot be commercialized due to conventional recovery using solvents. The present study employed mechanical cell-disruption methods, such as Pestle and mortar, sonication, and glass bead vortexing, for solvent-free extraction of PHA from sp. Different time intervals were set for grinding (5, 10, 15 min), sonicating (1, 3 and 5 min), and vortexing (2, 5 and 8 g glass beads with 5, 10 and 15 min each) hence studying their effect on cell lysis to release PHA. Tris buffer containing phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM PMSF) was employed as a lysis buffer to study its action over cells. Its presence was checked with the above methods in cell lysis. Sonicating cells for 5 min in the presence of lysis buffer achieved a maximum PHA yield of 45%. Cell lysis using lysis buffer yielded 35% PHA when vortexing with 5 g glass beads for 15 min. Grinding cells for 15 min showed a maximum yield of 34% but lacked a lysis buffer. The overall results indicated that the action of lysis buffer and physical extraction methods improved PHA yield by %. Therefore, the study sought to evaluate the feasibility of applying laboratory methods for cell disruption. These methods can showcase possible opportunities in large-scale applications. The polymer yield results were compared with standard sodium hypochlorite extraction. Confirmation of obtained polymers as polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) was made through FTIR and HNMR characterization.
PubMed: 38314316
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03913-y -
Practical Laboratory Medicine Mar 2024Sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx) tubes has been regarded as the gold-standard tubes for glucose analysis. Even though their ineffectiveness in immediately...
INTRODUCTION
Sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx) tubes has been regarded as the gold-standard tubes for glucose analysis. Even though their ineffectiveness in immediately inhibiting glycolysis has been reported in several studies especially in the first 1-4h, they are still used in our clinical biochemistry laboratory for glucose measurement. However, in its absence, only serum separator tubes are employed for glucose measurement. We aim to determine whether serum separator tubes (SSTs) can replace NaF/KOx tubes for laboratory measurement of blood glucose and to assess the stability of glucose concentrations for 3 days period.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
NaF/KOx tube type was the reference method while SSTs type was the candidate method for glucose measurement. A total of 50 paired samples collected separately in NaF/KOx tubes and SSTs from healthy adult participants in the Gambia Adults Reference Intervals Study (GARIS) project were used as the project sample size. Following blood collection and separation, the glucose concentration was measured within 2 h, and at 24h, 42h and 72h time-points. Our data analysis showed no significant difference in the mean glucose concentrations between the reference tube and candidate tube types (Mean difference = 0.06 mmol/L; P = 0.38) recorded in the different timepoints. Using growth trajectory and mixed effects model, the study data further showed no significant change in the glucose concentrations (p = 0.25) for three days period.
CONCLUSIONS
The study confirms that SSTs can produce similar glucose results when employed in the absence of NaF/KOx tubes. Besides, the glucose concentrations were stable in both tubes for three days when the samples were separated within 2 h and refrigerated in 2-8°C.
PubMed: 38313813
DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00360