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Dental Materials Journal Mar 2024The study aimed to examine the fluoride (F) release potential of arginine (Arg)-incorporated F varnishes. Four commercially available F varnishes were included in the...
The study aimed to examine the fluoride (F) release potential of arginine (Arg)-incorporated F varnishes. Four commercially available F varnishes were included in the study: Duraphat (5% NaF), Flúor Protector (0.9% SiHF), Fluor Protector S (NHF), and Fluorimax™ (2.5% NaF). L-arginine (2% w/v.) was incorporated in these varnishes to estimate F release at 1 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days using an F-ion selective electrode. The media pH of eluded varnishes was estimated and primary inorganic F extraction was performed. The main effects pH, F release, and computed integrated mean/cumulative F release for experimental groups were significantly higher than the controls (p<0.01). The primary extracted F concentrations for the Arg-containing groups were significantly lower than the control groups (p<0.001) demonstrating a chemical interplay with Arg incorporation. To conclude, irrespective of the inorganic F content, incorporating Arg in F-containing varnishes increases their F release potential.
Topics: Humans; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Sodium Fluoride; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38233188
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-238 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 2024Fluoride induced reprotoxicity through oxidative stress-mediated reproductive cell death. Hence, the current study evaluated the importance of the MST/Nrf2/MAPK/NQO-HO1...
Fluoride induced reprotoxicity through oxidative stress-mediated reproductive cell death. Hence, the current study evaluated the importance of the MST/Nrf2/MAPK/NQO-HO1 signaling pathway in fluorosis-induced reproductive toxicity. For this purpose, the reproductive toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) at physiological, biochemical, and intracellular levels was evaluated. In-vivo, NaF at 100 mg/L instigated physiological dysfunction, morphological, stereological, and structural injuries in the gut-gonadal axis of fluorosis mice through weakening the antioxidant signaling, Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1signaling pathway, causing the gut-gonadal barrier disintegrated via oxidative stress-induced inflammation, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and autophagy. Similar trends were also observed in-vitro in the isolated Leydig cells (LCs) challenging with 20 mg/L NaF. Henceforth, activating the cellular antioxidant signaling pathway, Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1, inactivating autophagy and apoptosis, or attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be the theoretical basis and valuable therapeutic targets for coping with NaF-induced reproductive toxicity.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Antioxidants; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Signal Transduction; Oxidative Stress; Sodium Fluoride; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38215664
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115947 -
Journal of Biosciences 2024Screening strategies for cancer, the second largest cause of deaths, exist, but are invasive, cumbersome, and expensive. Many cancers lack viable screening modalities...
Screening strategies for cancer, the second largest cause of deaths, exist, but are invasive, cumbersome, and expensive. Many cancers lack viable screening modalities all together. Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are seen during early stages of cancer and are larger than normal blood cells. Discrimination of such differential sizes by real-time ultrasound scanning of a blood vessel offers an attractive universal screening tool for cancer. Yeast colonies were grown to different sizes mimicking CTCCs and normal blood cells, using sugar and starch to incubate and sodium fluoride to arrest growth after specified times. They were circulated using syringes and an infusion pump through a wall-less ultrasound phantom, made using agar (mimicking human soft tissue), and Doppler ultrasound was performed, with screenshots taken. Key characteristics of particles of interest were identified. Ultrasound data were processed and used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN). Six models with binary classification were tested. Doppler signals of CTCC surrogates could be visually distinguished from normal cells and normal saline, proving the principle of ultrasound size discrimination of CTCCs. The most accurate machine learning model yielded 98.35% accuracy in the prediction of CTCCs, exceeding human evaluation accuracy. Thus, machine learning could help automate and improve detection of cancer by screening for CTCCs.
Topics: Humans; Early Detection of Cancer; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Machine Learning; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 38200669
DOI: No ID Found -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2024To assess the in-vitro effect of single applications of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the in-vitro effect of single applications of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Tooth/bracket sets (n=65) were immersed in artificial saliva (1h at 37ºC) and randomly subjected to single applications (100µL; 1min) of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP emulsion), CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACPF emulsion), solutions of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) or sodium fluoride (NaF), or no treatment (CG). Multispecies biofilm (5 x 105 CFU/mL) was formed in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h, the pH and the concentration of total soluble fluoride (TSF) were analyzed by culture medium. The presence of active white spot lesions (WSL) evaluated by macroscopic examination and the percent surface mineral loss (%SML) were analyzed. Also, the topography of enamel was detected by analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was assessed by chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
Fluoride-containing compounds led to a smaller pH reduction than did CPP-ACP and CG (p<0.05). There was difference in TSF between the groups (p<0.05), denoted as TiF4> NaF > CPP-ACPF > CPP-ACP > CG. Regarding the presence of WSL and %SML, the NaF group obtained lower values (p<0.05), while TiF4 and CPP-ACPF were similar (p>0.05). SEM demonstrated that fluoride-free groups had a larger surface dissolution.
CONCLUSION
Fluoridated groups including solutions and CPP-ACPF were more effective than CPP-ACP in reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets after a single application.
Topics: Humans; Fluorides; Caseins; Dental Caries; Emulsions; Orthodontic Brackets; Titanium
PubMed: 38198388
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.6.e2321383.oar -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of a propolis-based herbal toothpaste with 5% sodium fluoride varnishin obstructing human dentinal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of a propolis-based herbal toothpaste with 5% sodium fluoride varnishin obstructing human dentinal tubules; Scanning electron microscopy was utilised to obtain quantitative and qulitative data on tubular obstruction.
METHODS
Thirty-nine extracted human premolar teeth were collected. The cementum layer was removed using a water-cooled diamond bur and the smear layer using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17%. Then, the samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 13 each), as follows: group 1: dentin discs exposed to the propolis-based herbal toothpaste (Herbex); group 2: dentin discs exposed to 5% sodium fluoride varnish; and group 3: control. Then, all discs were observed and imaged in 4 non-overlapping fields by an electron microscope at 2000× magnification. The topography and number of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules were counted in all images. The data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistic 22.0 software, with a significance level of α = 0.05.
RESULTS
In pairwise comparisons of the groups considering the percentage of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules, the difference was not statistically significant between the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and propolis groups in the closed and semi-closed tubules, but it was statistically significant with the control group. Additionally, the percentage of open tubules in the propolis-based herbal toothpaste group was significantly lower than in the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Both propolis-based herbal toothpaste and 5% sodium fluoride varnish is effective in blocking human dentin tubules to various extents.
Topics: Propolis; Humans; Toothpastes; Sodium Fluoride; Fluorides, Topical; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dentin Sensitivity; In Vitro Techniques; Dentin; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Bicuspid
PubMed: 38184459
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.11.014 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023In a longitudinal design, four arterial segments in mice were followed by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. We aimed to determine how...
Longitudinal imaging of murine atherosclerosis with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose and [F]-sodium fluoride in genetically modified Apolipoprotein E knock-out and wild type mice.
In a longitudinal design, four arterial segments in mice were followed by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. We aimed to determine how the tracers reflected the development of atherosclerosis via the uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) for imaging inflammation and [F]-sodium fluoride (Na[F]F) for imaging active microcalcification in a murine model of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE) mice and C57 BL/6NtaC (B6) mice were divided into four groups. They received either normal chow (N = 7, ApoE mice and N = 6, B6 mice) for 32 weeks or a high-fat diet (N = 6, ApoEHFD mice and N = 9, B6HFD mice) for 32 weeks. The mice were scanned with [F]FDG and Na[F]F using a dedicated small animal PET/CT scanner at three timepoints. The tracer uptakes in four aortic segments (abdominal aorta, aortic arch, ascending aorta, and thoracic aorta) were measured and reported as SUV values. The uptake of [F]FDG (SUV: 5.7 ± 0.5 vs 1.9 ± 0.2, 230.3%, p = < 0.0001) and Na[F]F (SUV: 9.6 ± 1.8 vs 4.0 ± 0.3, 175%, p = 0.007) was significantly increased in the abdominal aorta of ApoEHFD mice at Week 32 compared to baseline abdominal aorta values of ApoEHFD mice. [F]FDG uptake in the aortic arch, ascending aorta and the thoracic aorta of B6HFD mice at Week 32 showed a robust resemblance to the abdominal aorta uptake whereas the Na[F]F uptake only resembled in the thoracic aorta of B6HFD mice at Week 32 compared to the abdominal aorta. The uptake of both [F]FDG and Na[F]F increased as the disease progressed over time, and the abdominal aorta provided a robust measure across mouse strain and diet. Therefore, it seems to be the preferred region for image readout. For [F]FDG-PET, both B6 and ApoE mice provide valuable information and either mouse strain may be used in preclinical cardiovascular studies, whereas for Na[F]F -PET, ApoE mice should be preferred.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Sodium Fluoride; Glucose; Atherosclerosis; Aorta, Abdominal; Apolipoproteins E; Apolipoproteins; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 38151517
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49585-1 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2024The current study aimed to explore the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa L. oil (NSO) against disruption of endocrine signals and injuries...
The current study aimed to explore the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa L. oil (NSO) against disruption of endocrine signals and injuries in the thyroid gland, ovary, and uterine tissues induced by sodium fluoride (NaF). Twenty-eight mature female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups (n = 7/group) as follows: control group; NaF group, orally received NaF (20 mg/kg b.wt.) daily; NSO/NaF, orally received NSO (300 mg/kg b.wt.) two weeks before being given NaF and continued throughout the experiment; and NSO+NaF group orally received NSO concurrently with NaF. Our results indicated that NSO restored hormonal balance and suppressed oxidative damage and inflammation. Moreover, the levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase, estrogen (E2), progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were elevated, while prostaglandins F2-α and cortisol levels were decreased in NSO treated groups compared to NaF-intoxicated rats. As well, NSO significantly boosted levels of antioxidant molecules, and lowered lipid peroxidation of examined tissues, unlike NaF-treated group. NSO also up-regulated antioxidant enzymes, anti-apoptotic protein, zona pellucida sperm-binding protein, bone morphogenetic protein, and thyroid stimulating hormone, conversely down-regulated inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, estrogen receptor-α, estrogen receptor-β, and thyroid stimulating hormone receptors compared to NaF-intoxicated group. Additionally, NSO ameliorated tissue damage of the thyroid gland, ovary, and uterus induced by NaF. -Overall, the prophylactic group (NSO/NaF) performed better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than the treated group almost in all examined tissues, which is reflected by the improvement in the structure of the thyroid, ovarian, and uterine tissues.
Topics: Rats; Female; Male; Animals; Rats, Wistar; Thyroid Gland; Antioxidants; Ovary; Sodium Fluoride; Plant Oils; Nigella sativa; Oxidative Stress; Uterus; Receptors, Estrogen; Seeds
PubMed: 38147737
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116080 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023Dental caries is still a dramatic public health problem. The effectiveness of an alternative technique using acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel pH 3.5 was... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dental caries is still a dramatic public health problem. The effectiveness of an alternative technique using acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel pH 3.5 was evaluated and compared with conventional treatments in reducing dental caries incidence. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 180 children aged 4-11 years. Three groups were formed: NaF varnish (NaFV), APF in tray (APFt), and APF in toothbrush (APFtbru). Clinical examinations were performed using standardized criteria and the ICDAS Index was assessed. The Caries Treatment Needs Index (CTNI) was calculated. Dental examinations were conducted at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. : At baseline, 16,719 dental surfaces were included, with 15,434 surfaces being sound. After 24 months, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant differences between the APFtbru group and the other two groups ( = 0.03). Cox regression analysis revealed that the surfaces treated with NaF varnish had the lowest survival rates (HR = 0.51 95%CI = 0.33/0.81). Occlusal surfaces had the lowest cumulative survival, while other tooth surfaces showed similar performance. : The alternative technique of APF gel application with a toothbrush resulted in maintaining dental health over 24 months. This technique can be cost-effective and may offer advantages over traditional fluoride varnish application.
Topics: Child; Humans; Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; Dental Caries; Fluorides, Topical; Gels; Random Allocation; Toothbrushing; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 38138221
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122118 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023Gels containing juca seed galactomannan (JSG) were evaluated for their potential to prevent the progression of dentin erosive wear in an in vitro study with four...
Gels containing juca seed galactomannan (JSG) were evaluated for their potential to prevent the progression of dentin erosive wear in an in vitro study with four experimental groups (n = 9). The treatments included distilled water (DW), 0.05% stannous fluoride (121 ppm F), and 0.5% or 1% JSG. The specimens underwent a cycle (3 times/day) consisting of immersion in 1% citric acid (5 minutes), treatment (5 minutes), and artificial saliva exposure (2 hours/overnight) for 5 days. Surface changes were assessed using mechanical profilometry (wear), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test (p < 0.05). The negative control group exhibited the highest wear (6.0 µm ± 3.5), significantly differing from the group treated with 0.05% stannous fluoride gel (p = 0.007), which showed less dentin loss. The groups treated with 0.5% and 1% JSG showed results similar to the negative control (p = 0.661; p = 0.212, respectively) and the stannous fluoride group (p = 0.103; p = 0.379, respectively). In the SEM images, the specimen treated with stannous fluoride showed obliterated tubules, while the JSG gels formed crystals on the dentin surface, as confirmed by the presence of oxygen and calcium in the EDS analysis. Although the JSG gels showed similar results to the stannous fluoride, did not exhibit superior efficacy at the tested concentrations.
Topics: Tin Fluorides; Caesalpinia; Tooth Erosion; Dentin; Gels; Fluorides; Sodium Fluoride
PubMed: 38133475
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305508 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the hypothesis that fluoride treatment can prevent dental erosion on fluorotic enamel of different severities. It followed...
The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the hypothesis that fluoride treatment can prevent dental erosion on fluorotic enamel of different severities. It followed a 3×2 factorial design, considering a) fluorosis severity: sound (TF0, Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index), mild (TF1-2), moderate (TF3-4); and b) fluoride treatment: 0 (negative control) and 1150ppmF. Human molars with the three fluorosis severities (n=16, each) were selected and randomly assigned to the two fluoride treatments (n=8). Enamel blocks (4×4mm) were prepared from each tooth and subjected to a dental erosion cycling model, for 10 days. The daily cycling protocol consisted of erosive challenges (1% citric acid, pH 2.4), interspersed by periods of immersion in artificial saliva, and three 2-minute treatments with either 0 or 1150ppm F. The enamel volume loss (mm3) was calculated by subtracting values obtained by microtomography before and after cycling. Two-Way ANOVA showed no significant interaction between fluorosis severity and fluoride treatment (p=0.691), and no significant effect for either fluorosis severity (TF0 mean±standard-deviation: 13.5(10-2±0.42(10-2, TF1-2: 1.50(10-2±0.52(10-2, TF3-4: 1.24(10-2±0.52(10-2, p=0.416) or treatment (0ppmF: 1.49(10-2±0.53(10-2; 1150ppmF: 1.21(10-2±0.42(10-2; p=0.093), when evaluated independently. Considering the limitations of this in vitro study, the presence and severity of fluorosis in enamel do not appear to affect its susceptibility to dental erosion. Fluoride treatment was not effective in preventing the development of dental erosion in both sound and fluorotic enamel substrates under our experimental conditions.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Erosion; Fluoride Treatment; Fluorosis, Dental; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Sodium Fluoride
PubMed: 38133094
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305595