-
Microorganisms May 2024Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication and a common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Between January 2017 and March 2024, a...
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication and a common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Between January 2017 and March 2024, a retrospective study was conducted involving 302 patients (>18 years old) with ascites treated at a tertiary referral center in south-eastern Poland. Microbiological analysis of the ascitic fluids was performed in all patients. The presence of microorganisms was found in samples from 17 patients, and 21 pathogens were isolated, including 15 Gram-positive bacteria and 6 Gram-negative bacteria. , MRCNS (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillins, penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor, cephalosporins and carbapenems) was the main pathogen detected (19.05%, 4/21), followed by (9.52%, 2/21), (9.52%, 2/21), , MRCNS (4.76%, 1/21), (9.52%, 2/21), (9.52%, 2/21), (4.76%, 1/21) and spp. (4.76%, 1/21). The following Gram-negative bacteria were also found in the specimens examined: , ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing ) (4.76%, 1/21), (4.76%, 1/21), (4.76%, 1/21), (9.52%, 2/21) and (4.76%, 1/21). Gram-positive bacteria caused nosocomial infections in nine patients with SBP, Gram-negative bacteria caused nosocomial infections in two patients. In six patients with SBP, community-acquired infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria were found in three cases, Gram-positive bacteria in two cases, and in one case, community-acquired infection was caused by mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Bacteria isolated from patients with hospital-acquired SBP showed higher drug resistance than those found in patients with non-hospital SBP. Bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with complications may be responsible for their deteriorating health. Prompt intervention is critical to reducing mortality.
PubMed: 38792837
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051008 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety May 2024Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds...
Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds decreases animal feed intake. This study aimed to valorize GM as a potential new feed resource through the chemical and microbial biotransformation of toxic compounds that will henceforth, make the plant palatable for cows. After GM's ensiling using fermentative bacteria, the plant was sampled for UHPLC-MS/MS to analyse the metabolomic changes. Illumina Miseq of the 16 S rRNA fragment genes and ITS1 were used to describe the microbial composition and structure colonizing GM silage and contributing to the biodegradation of toxic compounds. Microbial functions were predicted from metataxonomic data and KEGG pathways analysis. Eight Holstein dairy cows assigned in a cross-over design were supplemented with GM and GM silage to evaluate palatability and effects on milk yield and milk protein. Cows were fed their typical diet prior to the experiment (positive control). After ensiling, 23 flavonoids, 47 amino acids and derivatives increased, while the other 14 flavonoids, 9 amino acids and derivatives decreased, indicating active metabolism during the GM ensiling process. Lactobacillus buchneri, Bacteroides ovatus, and Megasphaera elsdenii were specific to ensiled GM and correlated to functional plant metabolites, while Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were specific to non-ensiled GM and correlated to the toxic metabolite 5-hydroxymethylfurfural."Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism", "cancer overview" and "neurodegenerative disease" were the highly expressed microbial KEGG pathways in non-ensiled GM. Non-ensiled GM is unpalatable for cows and drastically reduces the animal's feed intake, whereas ensiled GM does not reduce feed intake, milk yield and milk protein. This study provides essential information for sustainable animal production by valorizing GM as a new feed additive.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Silage; Animal Feed; Milk; Lactation; Diet
PubMed: 38581911
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116292 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Dec 2023Sphingomonas paucimobilis can be found in air, water systems, dialysis fluid, nebulizers and laboratory instruments in hospitals. Despite its low pathogenicity, it can...
INTRODUCTION
Sphingomonas paucimobilis can be found in air, water systems, dialysis fluid, nebulizers and laboratory instruments in hospitals. Despite its low pathogenicity, it can cause severe infections.
CASE REPORT
A 54-year-old man presented with fever, cough and pain in the right hemithorax. The laboratory results showed elevated inflammatory parameters. Chest radiography showed right upper lobe pneumonia. Empiric antibiotic therapy (cephalosporin) was prescribed. On control examination chest radiography showed incomplete regression. Chest computer tomography (CT) finding was bronchopneumonia in the right upper lobe. Bacteriological examination of fiberaspirate revealed Sphingomonas paucimobils. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed based on the antibiogram. After two weeks the control laboratory analysis was normal. The patient was fully recovered.
CONCLUSIONS
Our patient had no comorbidities or malignancies, and no hospitalization in the recent past. He had a dental intervention 5 days prior to the onset of symptoms. We propose that it was an infection after the dental intervention.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Sphingomonas; Pneumonia; Cephalosporins; Cough
PubMed: 38252718
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18549 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Ticks are important ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Saudi Arabia faces several challenges that can...
Ticks are important ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Saudi Arabia faces several challenges that can contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria. These challenges require collaborative efforts to successfully achieve significant control of AMR in the country. The present study aims to isolate bacteria from camels' tick in Al-Jouf province to identify and determine these isolates' antimicrobial susceptibilities. Forty-nine ticks were collected from dromedary camels and morphologically classified as . Ticks were then homogenized and plated individually, which resulted in the isolation of 55 bacteria. The results showed that the bacterial isolates belong to 20 different species. About 71% ( = 39) of the total isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria comprised of 11 different species, while 29% ( = 16) of the total isolates were Gram-negative bacteria comprised of 9 different species. The most prevalent isolate within the total samples was (22.45%, 11/49), followed by (18.37%, 9/49) and (16.33% 8/49). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gram-positive bacteria showed that 100% ( = 31) were resistant to benzylpenicillin; 90.3% ( = 28) were resistant to oxacillin; 58.1% ( = 18) were resistant to clindamycin; 48.4% ( = 15) were resistant to vancomycin. In addition, 32.3% ( = 10) were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin; 25.8% ( = 8) were resistant to erythromycin; 16.1% ( = 5) were resistant to teicoplanin; 6.5% ( = 2) were resistant to tetracycline. All Gram-positive bacteria were 100% susceptible to linezolid, gentamicin, tobramycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin. In antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the Gram-negative bacteria, 57.14% ( = 8) of the identified bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, whereas 50% ( = 7) were resistant to cefoxitin and ceftazidime. About 28.57% ( = 4) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In addition, 21.43% ( = 3) were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalothin; 14.29% ( = 2) were resistant to cefepime and nitrofurantoin; 7.14% ( = 1) were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and tigecycline. However, all Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to other examined antimicrobials. This is the first study that investigates the role of the hard tick as a potential reservoir for AMR pathogens within our region.
PubMed: 38155762
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227908 -
Germs Sep 2023Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains....
INTRODUCTION
Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains. Unfortunately, classic cerebral spinal fluid parameters are less specific and sensitive compared to community acquired meningitis. This is in part secondary to indolent bacteria commonly infecting external ventricular drains leading to ventriculitis.
CASE REPORT
Herein, a rare case of ventriculitis in an immunocompetent host is reported. The patient had classic symptoms of ventriculitis, but her cerebral spinal fluid parameters were benign and initial cultures were negative. Consequently, treatment was tailored to an assumed respiratory infection only to have recurrence of her symptoms. Repeat analysis of her cerebral spinal fluid was again benign, but her cerebral spinal fluid culture grew S. . Subsequently, the patient was treated with cefepime, which resolved her symptoms. She completed a two-week course and has had no recurrence of her infection.
CONCLUSIONS
This case reinforces the need for clinicians to have heightened awareness of this emerging pathogen, its antibiotic resistance patterns, and the unique composition of this bacterium's cell wall which has ramifications on disease presentation.
PubMed: 38146376
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1391 -
Germs Jun 2023Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly...
Achieving pre-eminence of antimicrobial resistance among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli causing septicemia in intensive care units: A single center study of a tertiary care hospital.
INTRODUCTION
Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly trend of antibiotic resistance in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) causing septicemia in intensive care units.
METHODS
Blood samples were collected from the patients admitted in various intensive care units and processed for isolation and identification of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. The isolated bacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per standard operating procedures.
RESULTS
Out of 3632 blood samples, 977 (26.9%) samples showed microbial growth, of which 10.1% were Gram positive cocci, 8.7% were Gram negative bacilli (Enterobacterales), 7% were NFGNB and 1% were spp. Increasing resistance among complex was observed to ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, meropenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, strains were found to be associated with increased resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime and meropenem. A substantial increase in resistance levels was observed among and as well.
CONCLUSIONS
An increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in NFGNB envisages the worst consequences in ICUs in the coming years. Therefore, reviewing and strict implementation of the antimicrobial policies including 'rational use of antibiotics' is recommended.
PubMed: 38144242
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1374 -
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2023Endophthalmitis is an uncommon purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids secondary to endogenous or exogenous causes. It is known that posttraumatic...
Endophthalmitis is an uncommon purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids secondary to endogenous or exogenous causes. It is known that posttraumatic endophthalmitis had a notably poor visual outcome, and it poses therapeutic challenges. Therefore, early organism detection would be beneficial in therapeutic management and are able to reduce long-term complications. This case report describes a patient with a rare positive culture-proven endophthalmitis due to penetrating ocular trauma by a metal brush over the right eye. A 36-year-old man presented with progressively worsening right eye redness and blurring of vision with pain for 3 days following ocular penetration by a metal brush during grinding. On initial presentation, his visual acuity was 6/12 over the right eye and 6/6 over the left eye. His visual acuity deteriorated to hand movement 5 days later with worsening of ocular infection over the right eye despite topical and oral antibiotics. B-scan revealed dense vitreous infiltration. A vitreous tap was done, and a combination of intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime was administered. Vitreous culture isolated Gram negative The patient was planned for early vitrectomy; however, the patient opted for conservative treatment. Therefore, the patient received intravitreal vancomycin and intravitreal ceftazidime injections every 48-72 h. Published articles on endophthalmitis postocular penetration are extremely limited. This case report may provide a better understanding of the presentation and is able to aid with early diagnosis and treatment initiation for future reference.
PubMed: 38059095
DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_298_22 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2024Sphingomonadaceae are common membrane colonizers and biofilm formers. As part of our studies on long-term genetic changes in drinking water biofilm species, we report...
Sphingomonadaceae are common membrane colonizers and biofilm formers. As part of our studies on long-term genetic changes in drinking water biofilm species, we report the draft genome sequence of strain Sph5, isolated from a tap water filtration membrane. The isolate was determined as through whole genome sequencing and assembly.
PubMed: 38038463
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00345-23 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a Gram-negative coccobacillus, which is a very rare human opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia and systemic infection. It is difficult to identify this bacterium...
is a Gram-negative coccobacillus, which is a very rare human opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia and systemic infection. It is difficult to identify this bacterium through conventional Gram-staining and biochemical methods due to an amorphous Gram stain appearance after 24 h culture and its relatively fastidious and slow growth giving weak and/or delayed reactions in biochemical tests. It is often misidentified as other bacteria including spp., , or False identification may delay the therapy of the patients and even endanger the patient's life. Here, we report a case of a 34-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia infected by , which was almost misdiagnosed. This case describes our identification of a patient with a systemic infection. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in China.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Francisella; Bacteremia; Sepsis; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 37780860
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1206972 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023The pressing need to safeguard the health of astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) necessitates constant and rigorous microbial monitoring. Recognizing...
The pressing need to safeguard the health of astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) necessitates constant and rigorous microbial monitoring. Recognizing the shortcomings of traditional culture-based methods, NASA is deliberating the incorporation of molecular-based techniques. The challenge, however, lies in developing and validating effective methods for concentrating samples to facilitate this transition. This study is dedicated to investigating the potential of an ISS Smart Sample Concentrator (iSSC) as an innovative concentration method. First, the iSSC system and its components were tested and optimized for microgravity, including various testing environments: a drop tower, parabolic flight, and the ISS itself. Upon confirming the system's compatibility with microgravity, we further evaluated its proficiency and reliability in concentrating large volumes (i.e., 1 L) of water samples inoculated with different microbes. The samples carried 10 to 10 colony-forming units (CFUs) of , , or per liter, aligning with NASA's acceptable limit of 5 × 10 CFU/L. The average retrieved volume post-concentration was ≈450 µL, yielding samples that were ≈2200 times more concentrated for subsequent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and CFU analysis. The average microbial percent recovery, as assessed with CFU counts, demonstrated consistency for and at around 50% and 45%, respectively. For , the efficiency oscillated between 40% and 80%. Interestingly, when we examined microbial recovery using qPCR, the results showed more variability across all tested species. The significance of these findings lies not merely in the successful validation of the iSSC but also in the system's proven consistency, as evidenced by its alignment with previous validation-phase results. In conclusion, conducted research underscored the potential of the iSSC in monitoring microbial contamination in potable water aboard the ISS, heralding a paradigm shift from culture-based to molecular-based monitoring methods.
PubMed: 37764154
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092310