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Cureus Jul 2023Introduction Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging superbugs of bloodstream infections (BSI), causing increased mortality in hospitalized patients....
Introduction Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging superbugs of bloodstream infections (BSI), causing increased mortality in hospitalized patients. NFGNB are challenging to identify using conventional identification techniques. Hence, automation is beneficial for accurate and fast diagnosis; it also facilitates rapid treatment and recovery of patients. This study aims to isolate/identify NFGNB from BSI and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Material and methods This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, LLRMMC, Meerut, for a period of six months (June to November 2022). The samples were processed using automated blood culture (BD BACTEC) and an identification/sensitivity testing system (BD Phoenix). Results Out of 1340 blood cultures, 347 (25.7%) were flagged positive for microbial growth. A total of 103 (7.6%) NFGNB were isolated, showing their strong association with BSI. The NFGNB isolates were 23 (22.3%), 19 (18.4%), spp. 19 (18.4%), 17 (16.5%), 5 (4.8%), sp. 4 (3.8%), 3 (2.9%), 3 (2.9%), 2 (1.9%), 2 (1.9%), 2 (1.9%), 2 (1.9%), 1 (0.9%), and 1 (0.9%). Conclusions Automation helps in the prompt reporting of NFGNB and their antibiogram pattern by microbiology laboratories, facilitating the early and accurate management of patients with BSI.
PubMed: 37551224
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41484 -
Clinical Case Reports Jul 2023can cause infection in healthy people. As this bacterium is slow-growing, special attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis and control of its antibiotic...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
can cause infection in healthy people. As this bacterium is slow-growing, special attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis and control of its antibiotic resistance to prevent the spread of resistant strains.
ABSTRACT
This study reports a case of ocular infection caused by and its treatment with various antibiotics. A middle-aged woman with prolonged purulent eye discharge was admitted to an ophthalmology clinic in Qazvin, Iran. A strain of was isolated from the patient. The sample was identified by Sanger sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, and an antibiogram test was performed to determine its resistance profile. The patient was treated with ceftazidime and levofloxacin eye drops. The bacterial culture was negative 18 days after starting ceftazidime and levofloxacin treatment. The antibiogram results showed that the isolated bacterium was resistant to aminoglycosides and colistin. This study highlights that can cause disease even in immunocompetent individuals. Due to the different resistance profiles of this bacterium, treatment should be based on antibiogram results.
PubMed: 37476596
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7715 -
MicrobiologyOpen Jun 2023Lindane (γ-HCH) is an organochlorine pesticide that causes huge environmental concerns worldwide due to its recalcitrance and toxicity. The use of the cyanobacterium...
Lindane (γ-HCH) is an organochlorine pesticide that causes huge environmental concerns worldwide due to its recalcitrance and toxicity. The use of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 in aquatic lindane bioremediation has been suggested but information relative to this process is scarce. In the present work, data relative to the growth, pigment composition, photosynthetic/respiration rate, and oxidative stress response of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 in the presence of lindane at its solubility limit in water are shown. In addition, lindane degradation experiments revealed almost a total disappearance of lindane in the supernatants of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 culture after 6 days of incubation. The diminishing in lindane concentration was in concordance with an increase in the levels of trichlorobenzene inside the cells. Furthermore, to identify potential orthologs of the linA, linB, linC, linD, linE, and linR genes from Sphingomonas paucimobilis B90A in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, a whole genome screening was performed allowing the identification of five putative lin orthologs (all1353 and all0193 putative orthologs of linB, all3836 putative orthologs of linC, and all0352 and alr0353 putative orthologs of linE and linR, respectively) which could be involved in the lindane degradation pathway. Differential expression analysis of these genes in the presence of lindane revealed strong upregulation of one of the potential lin genes of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120.
Topics: Hexachlorocyclohexane; Pesticides; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Genes, Bacterial; Anabaena; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 37379427
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1355 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2023Silver (Ag) is currently obtained from primary and secondary sources through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. However, these processes consume high...
Silver (Ag) is currently obtained from primary and secondary sources through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. However, these processes consume high amounts of energy and are environmentally unfriendly. The search for bacteria tolerant with a high leaching capacity for to Ag is therefore a necessary requirement as part of the development of bioleaching technologies with reduced impact on the environment and lower energy expenditure. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 to Ag added to nutrient agar, and to determine whether this tolerance could favor the bioleaching of Ag present on the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of computer keyboards. The bacteria Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 was cultured in Petri dishes with nutrient agar and four different concentrations of AgNO (200, 400, 600, and 800 mg L) at 28 °C for 10 days. For the bioleaching experiment, the bacteria were grown in a mineral medium with computer keyboard PCBs for 30 days at room temperature (17 to 22 °C) and centrifugation at 150 rpm. The results indicate that Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 is tolerant to Ag and forms a silvery halo around its growth in the presence of this metal. Furthermore, Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 was able to bioleach 12% of the Ag found in computer keyboard PCBs. The results obtained could help generate more environmentally friendly silver bioleaching processes in which the silver bioleaching capacity of this bacterium is increased.
Topics: Silver; Agar; Recycling; Electronic Waste; Culture Media; Bacteria; Computers
PubMed: 37171535
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00994-4 -
Communications Chemistry May 2023Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life...
Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life on the Earth. A big remaining mystery was that up-to-date there was no described bacterial rhodopsins pumping protons at acidic pH despite the fact that bacteria live in different pH environment. Here we describe conceptually new bacterial rhodopsins which are operating as outward proton pumps at acidic pH. A comprehensive function-structure study of a representative of a new clade of proton pumping rhodopsins which we name "mirror proteorhodopsins", from Sphingomonas paucimobilis (SpaR) shows cavity/gate architecture of the proton translocation pathway rather resembling channelrhodopsins than the known rhodopsin proton pumps. Another unique property of mirror proteorhodopsins is that proton pumping is inhibited by a millimolar concentration of zinc. We also show that mirror proteorhodopsins are extensively represented in opportunistic multidrug resistant human pathogens, plant growth-promoting and zinc solubilizing bacteria. They may be of optogenetic interest.
PubMed: 37130895
DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00884-8 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... May 2023
PubMed: 37126159
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00346-1 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2023is a gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in the environment but rarely causes infections in humans. Meningitis caused by is an extremely rare clinical... (Review)
Review
is a gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in the environment but rarely causes infections in humans. Meningitis caused by is an extremely rare clinical entity with very few reported cases in the literature. The clinical presentation and management of meningitis are not well established, and further research is needed to better understand this rare infection. Therefore, the goal of this study was to present probably the only case of meningitis caused by co-infection with and and to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered, in correlation with the other very few reported cases of meningitis. A 64-year-old male farmer residing in a rural area was admitted with symptoms of severe headache, somnolence, and confusion. He had several comorbidities, including adrenal insufficiency, duodenal ulcer, and hypercholesterolemia. Lumbar puncture showed elevated leukocyte counts, glucose, and a marked rise of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, indicating bacterial meningitis, which was confirmed by CSF culture that isolated and . Antituberculosis therapy was initiated with isoniazid (300 mg/day), rifampicin (600 mg/day), pyrazinamide (2000 mg/day), and streptomycin (1 g/day). Ceftriaxone was introduced nine days later, after CSF culture grew , and was discharged without complications after 40 days of hospitalization. The literature search revealed a total of 12 published cases of meningitis in patients ranging from two months old to 66 years old. Among these cases, eight (66%) reported a favorable outcome, while two (17%) cases resulted in a poor outcome, and two (17%) were fatal. It was observed among the 13 identified cases (including ours) that the CSF white blood cell count had an average of 178.9 × 10/mm, an average glucose level of 33.0 mg/dL, and an average protein count of 294.2 mg/dL. Most cases improved appropriately under antibiotic therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone, Meropenem, and Vancomycin. In conclusion, although extremely rare, meningitis has good outcomes even in immunocompromised patients with appropriate antibiotic therapy and close monitoring, while the diagnosis should not be excluded even in immunocompetent patients.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Infant; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Ceftriaxone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Meningitis, Bacterial; Immunocompromised Host
PubMed: 37109645
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040687 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Digital dermatitis (DD) is the second most prevalent disease in dairy cattle. It causes significant losses for dairy breeders and negatively impacts cows' welfare and...
Digital dermatitis (DD) is the second most prevalent disease in dairy cattle. It causes significant losses for dairy breeders and negatively impacts cows' welfare and milk yield. Despite this, its etiology has not been entirely identified, and available data are limited. Antibiotic therapy is a practical method for managing animal health, but overuse has caused the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, leading to a loss in antimicrobial efficacy. The antimicrobial properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) may be a potential alternative to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the biocidal properties of AgNPs, CuNPs, AuNPs, PtNPs, FeNPs, and their nanocomposites against pathogens isolated from cows suffering from hoof diseases, especially DD. The isolated pathogens included , I, II, , and . Cultures were prepared in aerobic and anaerobic environments. The viability of the pathogens was then determined after applying nanoparticles at various concentrations. The in vitro experiment showed that AgNPs and CuNPs, and their complexes, had the highest biocidal effect on pathogens. The NPs' biocidal properties and their synergistic effects were confirmed, which may forecast their use in the future treatment and the prevention of lameness in cows, especially DD.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Digital Dermatitis; Lameness, Animal; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle Diseases; Dairying
PubMed: 37047119
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076146 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of...
Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Quality of Life; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Water; Intensive Care Units; Population Health
PubMed: 37018840
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269778 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... Mar 2023Over the past 20 years, scattered reports have emerged about a low virulence, gram negative bacillus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, causing unpredictable clinical...
Over the past 20 years, scattered reports have emerged about a low virulence, gram negative bacillus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, causing unpredictable clinical presentations of endophthalmitis. Previous reports have characterised the organism as being resistant to aggressive treatment and prone to recurrence up to several months later, with few warning signs of any residual infection. We report a case of a 75 year-old male who returned 10 days after a left eye cataract surgery with an atypical, indolent endophthalmitis. He was treated with broad-spectrum intravitreal antibiotics and vitrectomy, and despite initial improvement, the patient suffered a recurrence after 2 weeks, necessitating successive rounds of intravitreal antibiotics. While our patient was able to achieve an excellent final visual acuity of 6/9, there are several cases in the literature reporting similar cases with much worse visual outcomes. Further research is required to elucidate early warning signs that may indicate a recurrence of S. paucimobilis infection, and the underlying mechanism by which it is resistant to standard endophthalmitis therapy. Alongside this case, we review and summarise the literature on postoperative endophthalmitis involving this organism.
PubMed: 36872422
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00325-6