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Journal of the Belgian Society of... 2022Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) - among other bacterial infections - is associated with colorectal malignancy and adenoma. It is reported that patients with SG...
Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) - among other bacterial infections - is associated with colorectal malignancy and adenoma. It is reported that patients with SG bacteraemia have a concomitant colorectal tumour in 25-80% of cases. We present a case of a patient with complications of this septicaemia associated with a rectal adenocarcinoma, as an example of this important radiological and clinical correlation. Always screen for primary colorectal malignancy in a patient with malignancy-associated bacterial infection.
PubMed: 36187192
DOI: 10.5334/jbsr.2855 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2022The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tracts of humans, living in symbiosis with the host. Dysbiosis, characterized by... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tracts of humans, living in symbiosis with the host. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance between the beneficial and opportunistic gut microbiota, is associated with several gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represented by ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; and colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysbiosis can disrupt the mucosal barrier, resulting in perpetuation of inflammation and carcinogenesis. The increase in some specific groups of harmful bacteria, such as () and enterotoxigenic (ETBF), has been associated with chronic tissue inflammation and the release of pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic mediators, increasing the chance of developing CRC, following the inflammation-dysplasia-cancer sequence in IBD patients. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to analyze the correlation between changes in the gut microbiota and the development and maintenance of IBD, CRC, and IBD-associated CRC. Patients with IBD and CRC have shown reduced bacterial diversity and abundance compared to healthy individuals, with enrichment of and . Specific bacteria are also associated with the onset and progression of CRC, such as , , , , and ETBF. Future research can evaluate the advantages of modulating the gut microbiota as preventive measures in CRC high-risk patients, directly affecting the prognosis of the disease and the quality of life of patients.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteroides fragilis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Quality of Life; Sand
PubMed: 36157114
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4053 -
IDCases 2022is a gram-positive coccus belonging to the family (SBSEC). Most cases of SBSEC bacteremia are reported in elderly males with underlying hepatobiliary disease and...
is a gram-positive coccus belonging to the family (SBSEC). Most cases of SBSEC bacteremia are reported in elderly males with underlying hepatobiliary disease and associated with infective endocarditis (IE) or colonic malignancy. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common portal of entry, followed by the urinary tract and hepatobiliary tree. We present 5 cases of intrapartum bacteremia caused reported from the labor unit of our hospital from 2019 to 2021. There was histopathological or microbiological evidence of chorioamnionitis in each case. All the mothers were below the age of 35 years, and none of them had underlying hepatobiliary or colonic disease. All maternal antenatal screenings for (GBS) were negative. All the isolates were susceptible to penicillins, ceftriaxone, carbapenems, and vancomycin. Three of them were treated with ceftriaxone and two with aminopenicillins. Duration of treatment varied from 8 days to 14 days. None of the babies were low birth weight or pre-term. All but one baby had clinical sepsis requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, with one having evidence of meningitis and three respiratory distress syndromes (RDS). None of the babies had bacteremia. All mothers and babies made a complete recovery without any complications. These cases suggest that can be a rare but emerging cause of intrauterine infection complicated by post-partum bacteremia. There is possibility of colonization of maternal genital tract with causing neonatal infection.
PubMed: 35815109
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01562 -
Gut Pathogens Jul 2022Obesity is a worldwide health problem and a significant risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in obesity, and...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a worldwide health problem and a significant risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in obesity, and prebiotics such as polyphenols could be one way to improve microbial dysbiosis-induced obesity.
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE), and/or orlistat on obese rats fed with high fat diet by targeting GM modulations. The impact of treatments was also studied in non-obese rats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Rats were rendered obese or kept with a standard diet for three months. Then they were treated either with GSSE or orlistat or with the combined treatment (GSOR) during three months and then sacrificed. Adipose tissues, blood and faeces were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
In obese rats and to a lesser extent in non-obese rats, treatments decreased the weight of various adipose tissues and the serum levels of cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, lipase, and CRP and increased HDL and adiponectin. GSOR treatment was even more efficient that orlistat. Obese rats had less GM diversity than non-obese rats and orlistat reduced it even more. However, diversity was restored with GSSE and GSOR treatments. Potential pathogenic Streptococcus alactolyticus/gallolyticus species were greatly increased in obese rats and drastically reduced with the treatments, as wells as other potential pathobionts.
CONCLUSIONS
GSSE exerts beneficial effects in obese rats and restores, at least partially, the observed dysbiosis. GSOR induced the highest beneficial effect. Moreover, the various treatments could also enhance physiological and GM modifications in non obese rats.
PubMed: 35794638
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00505-0 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2022Cholecystogastric fistulas are a rare but life-threatening complication of cholelithiasis. This medical condition has been explained in detail in several cases in the...
UNLABELLED
Cholecystogastric fistulas are a rare but life-threatening complication of cholelithiasis. This medical condition has been explained in detail in several cases in the medical literature. However, there is still conflicting debate on how well to effectively manage patients with such a complex medical condition. We present a 70-year-old Caucasian female with complaints of intermittent dull non-radiating abdominal pain. Her pain started abruptly after breakfast. Patient took some acetaminophen which alleviated her symptom. Several days later, pains return but at this time it was associated with constipation. Patient's primary care physician (PCP) suspected peptic ulcer disease, which was quickly ruled out following negative result of breath test. The PCP advised patient to visit the emergency department for further investigations to rule out/in possible gallstone ileus causing intestinal obstruction, or Bouveret's syndrome.
LEARNING POINTS
Native triple-valve endocarditis is extremely rare, especially in the absence of predisposing conditions. has been associated with endocarditis as well colonic and hepatobiliary pathology, so gastrointestinal endoscopy is important as bacteraemia frequently precedes gastrointestinal symptoms, allowing prompt diagnosis.In multivalvular involvement, early surgery is often required, and timely recognition and treatment before complications develop may be decisive for prognosis.
PubMed: 35520360
DOI: 10.12890/2022_003345 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2022Infective endocarditis is a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, usually with univalvular involvement. We describe the case of a 76-year-old woman...
UNLABELLED
Infective endocarditis is a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, usually with univalvular involvement. We describe the case of a 76-year-old woman with triple-valve endocarditis due to , complicated by perivalvular suppurative lesions, acute heart failure and acute kidney injury. Unfortunately, the patient died despite antibiotic therapy and emergent surgery. This case highlights uncommon triple-valve involvement in the absence of risk factors, posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
LEARNING POINTS
Native triple-valve endocarditis is extremely rare, especially in the absence of predisposing conditions. has been associated with endocarditis as well colonic and hepatobiliary pathology, so gastrointestinal endoscopy is important as bacteraemia frequently precedes gastrointestinal symptoms, allowing prompt diagnosis.In multivalvular involvement, early surgery is often required, and timely recognition and treatment before complications develop may be decisive for prognosis.
PubMed: 35520359
DOI: 10.12890/2022_003350 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2022The role of colorectal neoplasms (CRN) as a common potential source of recurrent subsp. (SGG) and (EF) endocarditis remains unstudied. We aimed to investigate what...
OBJECTIVES
The role of colorectal neoplasms (CRN) as a common potential source of recurrent subsp. (SGG) and (EF) endocarditis remains unstudied. We aimed to investigate what proportion of episodes of recurrent endocarditis are caused by a succession of SGG and EF, or vice versa, and to assess the role of a colonic source in such recurrent episodes.
METHODS
we conducted a retrospective analysis of two prospective endocarditis cohorts (1979-2019) from two Spanish hospitals, providing descriptive analyses of the major features of the endocarditis episodes, colonoscopy findings, and histologic results.
RESULTS
among 1552 IE episodes, 204 (13.1%) were caused by EF and 197 (12.7%) by SGG, respectively. There were 155 episodes (10%) of recurrent IE, 20 of which (12.9%) were due to a succession of SGG/EF IE in 10 patients (the first episode caused by SGG in eight cases, and by EF in two cases). The median follow-up was 86 (interquartile range 34-156) months. In 8/10 initial episodes, the causative microorganism was SGG, and all patients were diagnosed with CRN either during the initial episode or during follow-up. During the second episode of IE or follow-up, colonoscopies revealed CRN in six patients.
CONCLUSIONS
There seems to be an association between SGG and EF in recurrent endocarditis that warrants further investigation. Our findings reinforce the need for systematically performing colonoscopy in the event of endocarditis caused by both microorganisms.
PubMed: 35456274
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082181 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022subspecies () is an opportunistic pathogen causing invasive infections in the elderly often associated with colon neoplasia. The prevalence of in the stools of...
PURPOSE
subspecies () is an opportunistic pathogen causing invasive infections in the elderly often associated with colon neoplasia. The prevalence of in the stools of patients with normal colonoscopy (control) was compared with patients with colorectal adenomas (CRA) or with carcinomas (CRC) from stages I to IV. The presence of the s island encoding colibactin as well as other CRC-associated bacteria such as toxicogenic , , and was also investigated.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fecal samples collected in France between 2011 and 2016 from patients with normal colonoscopy ( = 25), adenoma ( = 23), or colorectal cancer at different stages ( = 81) were tested by PCR for the presence of , , , , and the island. Relative quantification of , , and in stools was performed by qPCR.
RESULTS
prevalence was significantly increased in the CRC group. Our results also revealed i) a strong and significant increase of toxinogenic in patients with early-stage adenoma and of island at late-stage CRC and ii) increased levels of and in the stools of CRC patients. Furthermore, the simultaneous detection of these five bacterial markers was only found in CRC patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the prevalence or relative levels of CRC-associated bacteria vary during CRC development. Among them, (+) was singled out as the sole pathobiont detected at the early adenoma stage.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides fragilis; Carcinoma; Humans; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 35360109
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.794391 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Feb 2022Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome, environmental factors, and genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this... (Review)
Review
Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome, environmental factors, and genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this review, we highlight the various gut and oral microbiota associated with CRC and colorectal adenomas, and their proposed molecular mechanisms in relation to the processes of "the hallmarks of cancer", and differences in microbial diversity and abundance between race/ethnicity. Patients with CRC showed increased levels of enterotoxigenic () and . Higher levels of have been found in African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients. Pro-inflammatory bacteria such as and species were significantly higher in AAs. Also, AA patients have been shown to have decreased microbial diversity compared to CA patients. Some studies have shown that using microbiome profiles in conjunction with certain risk factors such as age, race and body mass index may help predict healthy colon one with adenomas or carcinomas. Periodontitis is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and is more prevalent in Non-Hispanic-Blacks as compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. This condition causes increased systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and thereby possibly influencing colorectal carcinogenesis. Periodontal-associated bacteria such as , and have been found in CRC tissues and in feces of CRC patients. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the association between oral and gastrointestinal bacterial profile, in addition to identifying prevalent bacteria in patients with CRC and the differences observed in ethnicity/race, may play a pivotal role in predicting incidence, prognosis, and lead to the development of new treatments.
PubMed: 35317317
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.375 -
AJP Reports Jan 2022is an uncommon cause of neonatal infections. We describe the first case of fulminant lethal neonatal sepsis due to reported in literature. Our patient was an extremely...
is an uncommon cause of neonatal infections. We describe the first case of fulminant lethal neonatal sepsis due to reported in literature. Our patient was an extremely low birth weight premature infant born to a mother with prolonged rupture of amniotic membranes and chorioamnionitis. We also review the cases of neonatal infections reported in literature. Fifty-eight percent neonatal infections presented in the first week of life. Importantly, meningitis is more commonly reported with early-onset infections compared with group B streptococcal meningitis, which is more common with late-onset infections. should be included in differential for neonatal sepsis, particularly in the presence of meningitis in the first week of life. Most cases are sensitive to penicillin; however, cases of reduced sensitivity to penicillin have also been reported.
PubMed: 35295187
DOI: 10.1055/a-1762-0096