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Journal of Infection and Public Health May 2024COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can stimulate a systemic inflammatory response with severe lung involvement,...
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can stimulate a systemic inflammatory response with severe lung involvement, multisystem dysfunction, and death in some cases. Immunosuppressive treatments have been proposed for management of COVID-19 patients, but these bring the risk of flare-up of pre-existing infections. Strongyloidiasis can become severe or fatal in immunocompromised individuals. This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibody in sera collected from SARS-CoV-2 infected persons in a tertiary-care Thai hospital from January 2021 to January 2022. The survey was conducted using a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit based on a recombinant antigen of Strongyloides stercoralis known to be IgG-immunoreactive. High prevalence of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibody was found. Out of 297 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients 117 (39.4 %, 95 % CI 33.8-45.2 %) were positive for S. stercoralis according to the ICT kit. In areas where strongyloidiasis is endemic, we suggest using this point-of-care ICT kit for routine rapid screening in seriously ill COVID-19 patients who will be subjected to immunosuppressive treatment. Prompt anthelminthic treatment should be administered to prevent serious systemic strongyloidiasis in at-risk patients.
PubMed: 38879920
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.05.054 -
Journal of Nematology Mar 2024, commonly known as the human threadworm, is a skin-penetrating gastrointestinal parasitic nematode that infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Like other...
, commonly known as the human threadworm, is a skin-penetrating gastrointestinal parasitic nematode that infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Like other species, is capable of cycling through a single free-living generation. Although and the free-living nematode are evolutionarily distant, the free-living adults of are similar enough in size and morphology to adults that techniques for generating transgenics and knockouts in have been successfully adapted for use in . High-quality genomic and transcriptomic data are also available for . Thus, one can use a burgeoning array of functional genomic tools in to probe questions about parasitic nematode development, physiology, and behavior. Knowledge gained from will inform studies of other parasitic nematodes such as hookworms that are not yet amenable to genetic manipulation. This review describes the basic anatomy of .
PubMed: 38855080
DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2024-0019 -
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases May 2024Strongyloidiasis is a chronic infection caused by the intestinal nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis and is characterized by a diverse spectrum of nonspecific...
Strongyloidiasis is a chronic infection caused by the intestinal nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis and is characterized by a diverse spectrum of nonspecific clinical manifestations. This report describe a case of disseminated strongyloidiasis with urination difficulty, generalized weakness, and chronic alcoholism diagnosed through the presence of worms in the urinary sediment. A 53-year-old man was hospitalized for severe abdominal distension and urinary difficulties that started 7-10 days prior. The patient also presented with generalized weakness that had persisted for 3 years, passed loose stools without diarrhea, and complained of dyspnea. In the emergency room, approximately 7 L of urine was collected, in which several free-living female adult and rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis, identified through their morphological characteristics and size measurements, were detected via microscopic examination. Rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis were also found in the patient's stool. During hospitalization, the patient received treatment for strongyloidiasis, chronic alcoholism, peripheral neurosis, neurogenic bladder, and megaloblastic anemia, and was subsequently discharged with improved generalized conditions. Overall, this report presents a rare case of disseminated strongyloidiasis in which worms were detected in the urinary sediment of a patient with urination difficulties and generalized weakness combined with chronic alcoholism, neurogenic bladder, and megaloblastic anemia.
Topics: Humans; Strongyloidiasis; Middle Aged; Male; Animals; Strongyloides stercoralis; Alcoholism; Feces; Urine; Female
PubMed: 38835264
DOI: 10.3347/PHD.23124 -
Microorganisms May 2024Multiple microbial detections in stool samples of indigenous individuals suffering from chronic gastroenteric disorder of a likely infectious origin, characterized by...
Collider Bias Assessment in Colombian Indigenous Wiwa and Kogui Populations with Chronic Gastroenteric Disorder of Likely Infectious Etiology Suggests Complex Microbial Interactions Rather Than Clear Assignments of Etiological Relevance.
Multiple microbial detections in stool samples of indigenous individuals suffering from chronic gastroenteric disorder of a likely infectious origin, characterized by recurring diarrhea of variable intensity, in the rural north-east of Colombia are common findings, making the assignment of etiological relevance to individual pathogens challenging. In a population of 773 indigenous people from either the tribe Wiwa or Kogui, collider bias analysis was conducted comprising 32 assessed microorganisms including 10 bacteria ( spp., spp., enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), spp., Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), spp./enteroinvasive (EIEC), and spp.), 11 protozoa ( spp., spp., spp., , , /// complex, , , , and ), 8 helminths ( spp., , spp., , spp., spp., spp. and spp.), microsporidia ( spp.) and fungal elements (microscopically observed conidia and pseudoconidia). The main results indicated that negative associations potentially pointing towards collider bias were infrequent events (n = 14), while positive associations indicating increased likelihood of co-occurrence of microorganisms quantitatively dominated (n = 88). Microorganisms showing the most frequent negative associations were EPEC (n = 6) and spp. (n = 3), while positive associations were most common for spp. (n = 16), (n = 15), spp./EIEC (n = 12), spp. (n = 11) and spp. (n = 10). Of note, positive associations quantitively dominated for spp. In conclusion, collider bias assessment did not allow clear-cut assignment of etiological relevance for detected enteric microorganisms within the assessed Colombian indigenous population. Instead, the results suggested complex microbial interactions with potential summative effects. Future studies applying alternative biostatistical approaches should be considered to further delineate respective interactions.
PubMed: 38792799
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050970 -
Cureus Apr 2024Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode that presents with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. Diagnosis is challenging unless physicians...
Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode that presents with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. Diagnosis is challenging unless physicians suspect this disease and perform sensitivity tests. We report a case of strongyloidiasis with protein-losing gastroenteropathy-like symptoms in a 92-year-old Japanese female with lower extremity edema and hypoalbuminemia. In this case, the patient refused invasive tests for a complete examination; however, an agar plate culture of a stool sample was used to diagnose strongyloidiasis. The patient was treated with ivermectin during the second visit. One month later, leg edema and hypoproteinemia improved. When the cause of the symptoms is unclear, physicians should be aware of the possibility of strongyloidiasis in a person residing in a tropical or subtropical environment, where human feces are used as fertilizer and individuals frequently go barefoot in agricultural settings.
PubMed: 38784335
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58851 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... May 2024We report an unusual case of jejunal strongyloidiasis presenting as chronic malabsorption and intractable small bowel diarrhea in an immunocompetent adolescent boy who...
We report an unusual case of jejunal strongyloidiasis presenting as chronic malabsorption and intractable small bowel diarrhea in an immunocompetent adolescent boy who posed a diagnostic challenge for pathologists, radiologists, and gastroenterologists. Histopathology revealed chronic active colitis and was consistent with the clinicoradiological diagnosis of Crohn's colitis but nonresponse to immunomodulators warranted full-thickness jejunal biopsy through laparotomy which showed numerous larvae and eggs of Strongyloides. There is a need to increase the awareness of Strongyloides colitis given its high rate of misdiagnosis and mortality as the correct diagnosis can avoid a fatal outcome of this curable disease.
PubMed: 38769818
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_298_23 -
PloS One 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269080.].
Correction: Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical parameters.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269080.].
PubMed: 38723010
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303774 -
Journal of Parasitology Research 2024Gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites cause sickness and mortality in working donkeys, reducing their productivity. A cross-sectional study was done in the Damot Gale...
Gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites cause sickness and mortality in working donkeys, reducing their productivity. A cross-sectional study was done in the Damot Gale district of southern Ethiopia from November 2020 to June 2021 to determine the frequency of donkey GIT nematode parasite infection and to examine its related risk factors. Overall, 514 simple randomly selected donkeys from peasant associations were sampled for the coprological examination of gastrointestinal nematode infection. The flotation technique was employed to identify parasite eggs in feces. The total prevalence of parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes was 71.79% (95% CI: 67.73-75.52). The most prevalent nematodes were (37.74%), (11.28%), (7.20%), and combined infections of and (14.01%) and and (1.56%). The association between the prevalence of parasitic GIT nematode infections and body conditions score was statistically significant ( < 0.05). Comparatively, donkeys with semi-intensified systems were five times (OR = 5.36) and those with medium body condition were twice (OR = 1.94) had a higher risk of infection than donkeys with intensive systems and good body condition scores, respectively. In conclusion, the current study indicated that gastrointestinal nematode parasites of donkeys are highly prevalent in the study area. Thus, regular deworming, proper housing, and feeding management were recommended to improve the health and productivity of donkeys in the research area.
PubMed: 38715768
DOI: 10.1155/2024/3073173 -
Heliyon May 2024Four species of dominant wild animals, namely, , , , and , are hosts of potential infectious agents, including helminths and protozoa. Therefore, it is necessary to...
Four species of dominant wild animals, namely, , , , and , are hosts of potential infectious agents, including helminths and protozoa. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the infectious agents present in these wild animals to monitor and control the spread of pathogens. In the present study, fecal samples from 51 wild animals were collected from the mountains of Yangpyeong, Hoengseong, and Cheongyang in South Korea and metabarcoding of the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene was performed to identify various parasite species that infect these wild animals. Genes from nematodes, such as sp., spp., sp., and sp., were detected in the fecal samples from wild animals. In addition, platyhelminthes, including sp., Echinostomatidae gen. sp., sp., sp. and sp., and protozoa, including sp., sp., sp., sp., sp. and sp., were detected. In the present study, various parasites infecting wild animals were successfully identified using metabarcoding. Our technique may play a crucial role in monitoring parasites within wild animals, especially those causing zoonoses.
PubMed: 38707283
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30059 -
Helminthologia Mar 2024The continuous challenges of land use change have brought potential threats to biodiversity and the spread of zoonotic diseases. In this study, synanthropic rodents and...
The continuous challenges of land use change have brought potential threats to biodiversity and the spread of zoonotic diseases. In this study, synanthropic rodents and their helminth parasites were used as sentinels to assess the potential impact of land use on zoonosis. Rats were collected in different ecosystems, namely agricultural, agroforest, and residential areas in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. Three (3) species of rats were captured, namely, and . Of the total 180 rats collected, 92.7 % were found infected with helminth parasites, namely and (cestodes); , , and sp. (nematodes); and (trematode). Of these 11 species, nine (9) were considered zoonotic. This study provides important information on the helminth parasites of rats in the northeastern sub-watersheds of Mount Makiling and the potential threat of zoonotic transmission due to increasing land use change and urbanization in the area. Moreover, urbanization can provide favorable eco-epidemiological conditions for rodent-borne pathogens, such as parasites, that are seriously threatening agricultural settings and human settlements in these areas.
PubMed: 38659471
DOI: 10.2478/helm-2024-0005