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Genetics, Selection, Evolution : GSE Jun 2024Longitudinal records of automatically-recorded vaginal temperature (T) could be a key source of data for deriving novel indicators of climatic resilience (CR) for...
BACKGROUND
Longitudinal records of automatically-recorded vaginal temperature (T) could be a key source of data for deriving novel indicators of climatic resilience (CR) for breeding more resilient pigs, especially during lactation when sows are at an increased risk of suffering from heat stress (HS). Therefore, we derived 15 CR indicators based on the variability in T in lactating sows and estimated their genetic parameters. We also investigated their genetic relationship with sows' key reproductive traits.
RESULTS
The heritability estimates of the CR traits ranged from 0.000 ± 0.000 for slope for decreased rate of T (Slope) to 0.291 ± 0.047 for sum of T values below the HS threshold (HSU). Moderate to high genetic correlations (from 0.508 ± 0.056 to 0.998 ± 0.137) and Spearman rank correlations (from 0.431 to 1.000) between genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) were observed for five CR indicators, i.e. HS duration (HSD), the normalized median multiplied by normalized variance (Nor_medvar), the highest T value of each measurement day for each individual (Max), and the sum of the T values above (HSU) and below (HSU) the HS threshold. These five CR indicators were lowly to moderately genetically correlated with shoulder skin surface temperature (from 0.139 ± 0.008 to 0.478 ± 0.048) and respiration rate (from 0.079 ± 0.011 to 0.502 ± 0.098). The genetic correlations between these five selected CR indicators and sow reproductive performance traits ranged from - 0.733 to - 0.175 for total number of piglets born alive, from - 0.733 to - 0.175 for total number of piglets born, and from - 0.434 to - 0.169 for number of pigs weaned. The individuals with the highest GEBV (most climate-sensitive) had higher mean skin surface temperature, respiration rate (RR), panting score (PS), and hair density, but had lower mean body condition scores compared to those with the lowest GEBV (most climate-resilient).
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the CR indicators evaluated are heritable with substantial additive genetic variance. Five of them, i.e. HSD, Max, HSU, HSU, and Nor_medvar share similar underlying genetic mechanisms. In addition, individuals with higher CR indicators are more likely to exhibit better HS-related physiological responses, higher body condition scores, and improved reproductive performance under hot conditions. These findings highlight the potential benefits of genetically selecting more heat-tolerant individuals based on CR indicators.
Topics: Animals; Female; Lactation; Swine; Heat-Shock Response; Vagina; Body Temperature; Climate; Breeding; Quantitative Trait, Heritable
PubMed: 38858613
DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00908-4 -
Biomedical Optics Express May 2024Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a gynecological disorder described by the descent of superior pelvic organs into or out of the vagina as a consequence of disrupted...
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a gynecological disorder described by the descent of superior pelvic organs into or out of the vagina as a consequence of disrupted muscles and tissue. A thorough understanding of the etiology of POP is limited by the availability of clinically relevant samples, restricting longitudinal POP studies on soft-tissue biomechanics and structure to POP-induced models such as fibulin-5 knockout ( ) mice. Despite being a principal constituent in the extracellular matrix, little is known about structural perturbations to collagen networks in the mouse cervix. We identify significantly different collagen network populations in normal and prolapsed cervical cross-sections using two label-free, nonlinear microscopy techniques. Collagen in the prolapsed mouse cervix tends to be more isotropic, and displays reduced alignment persistence via 2-D Fourier transform analysis of images acquired using second harmonic generation microscopy. Furthermore, coherent Raman hyperspectral imaging revealed elevated disorder in the secondary structure of collagen in prolapsed tissues. Our results underscore the need for multimodal monitoring of collagen organization to improve POP predictive capabilities.
PubMed: 38855688
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.518976 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024A 43-year-old woman with a history of uterine fibroids, anemia, and deep vein thrombosis presented with a chief symptom of prolapse of tumor from the perineum,...
A 43-year-old woman with a history of uterine fibroids, anemia, and deep vein thrombosis presented with a chief symptom of prolapse of tumor from the perineum, complicated by infection. The case was further complicated by bilateral pulmonary multiple embolism, deep vein thrombosis, acute cardiac insufficiency, acute renal insufficiency, and shock. The patient was treated with preoperative placement of an inferior vena cava filter, open hysterectomy, and perioperative anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin. She smoothly navigated the perioperative period and recovered completely.
PubMed: 38854723
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1415928 -
Cureus May 2024An ectopic ureter is a condition characterized by a ureter, whether single or duplex, that fails to open in the trigone area of the urinary bladder but instead drains...
An ectopic ureter is a condition characterized by a ureter, whether single or duplex, that fails to open in the trigone area of the urinary bladder but instead drains outside of it. This anomaly arises congenitally due to abnormal migration of the ureteric bud during its insertion into the urinary bladder. Here, we present a case involving an ectopic ureter draining into the vagina, with continuous urinary incontinence. We discuss the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of urinary incontinence in a female because of an ectopic ureter. A 9-year-old girl child presented with a continuous urinary leak or incontinence requiring the use of one to two pads per day that progressively became wetter throughout the day. Physical examination revealed a normal urethral meatus and vagina without obvious visible dribbling of urine at the introitus. CT urography showed significant dilation of the right ureter, causing hydroureter and ectopic insertion of the tortuous right ureter near the external urethral orifice at the vaginal vestibule, along with an atrophic right kidney. A DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetate) scan indicated the nonfunctional status of the right kidney. The patient underwent a right nephroureterectomy, leading to a complete resolution of urinary incontinence. Ectopic ureter causing nonfunctional kidney and urinary leak or incontinence is rare. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic workup for achieving a better prognosis and initiating early treatment of ectopic ureter.
PubMed: 38854205
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60052 -
Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and... Jun 2024To evaluate the outcome of human umbilical cord stem cells (HUMSC) administration on collagen expression within the frontal vaginal wall of menopausal rats.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the outcome of human umbilical cord stem cells (HUMSC) administration on collagen expression within the frontal vaginal wall of menopausal rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted an experimental, randomized post-test-only controlled group design. The study samples were 40 healthy female Winstar rat with the age of 8-12 weeks that had been ovariectomized, had never mated, and weighed 18-22 grams. The umbilical cord was obtained from voluntary donors who did not have a history of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, cytomegalovirus infection, treponema pallidum infection, or a history of other infections transmitted through the blood, placental tract, and genitals. Data collection (frontal vaginal wall of the rat) was carried out in a controlled environment with the consideration that all conditions were maintained equally and could be controlled.
RESULTS
There were 36 samples. A total of 13 menopausal rats (72%) had strong collagen expression and 5 rats had weak-to-moderate collagen expression (28%). On the other hand, 18 menopausal rats (100%) that belonged to the control group had weak-moderate collagen expression, and no menopausal rats appeared to have strong expression (0%). The administration of collagen to the anterior vaginal wall of postmenopausal rats proved to be effective by increasing the strong collagen expression in the damaged anterior vagina of postmenopausal female rats (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Administration of HUMSC resulted in an increase in collagen levels in the anterior vaginal tissue of postmenopausal female rats. These results demonstrate significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction.
PubMed: 38853483
DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2024.01613 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jul 2024Bicornuate uterus is a rare type of congenital mullerian anomaly, presenting as a diagnostic challenge. Metroplasty either via an open approach or laparoscopically can...
Case report: Elective management of a bicornuate uterus with hematometra, incidentally found submucosal fibroids, rectus sheath hematoma, and hydronephrosis in a resource limited setting.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Bicornuate uterus is a rare type of congenital mullerian anomaly, presenting as a diagnostic challenge. Metroplasty either via an open approach or laparoscopically can be performed to definitively diagnose and treat the defect.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 26-year-old female, with no known comorbids and past surgical history of endometriotic cyst excision presented with acute symptoms of left lower abdominal pain, burning micturition, and relative constipation. After clinical and radiologic investigations, the diagnosis of bicornuate was suspected. An elective exploratory laparotomy was then performed due to limited resources and skilled surgical techniques. Intra-operatively it was found that she had a bicornuate uterus with a single cervix and vagina, with the left cornuate being non-communicating with fluid suggesting hematometra. Dense adhesions were reported with drainage of 150-200 ml of free fluid upon opening the rectus sheath. Postoperatively she remained vitally stable and was discharged home.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
We report a rare case of a bicornuate uterus with double horns along with submucosal fibroids, rectus sheath hematoma, and left sided hydronephrosis. Diagnosis of bicornuate uterus is associated with diagnostic uncertainty mainly due to its rarity and nonspecific presentation.
CONCLUSION
Although bicornuate is rare, it may result in complications if not attended to timely. Early diagnosis and management are necessary to minimize associated morbidity and mortality that can occur as a consequence of associated unattended pressure symptoms.
PubMed: 38852567
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109889 -
BMC Cancer Jun 2024This study aimed to establish the dose-response relationship between volume base dose and tumor local control for vaginal cancer, including primary vaginal cancer and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to establish the dose-response relationship between volume base dose and tumor local control for vaginal cancer, including primary vaginal cancer and recurrent gynecologic malignancies in the vagina.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We identified studies that reported volume base dose and local control by searching the PubMed, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library Database through August 12, 2023. The regression analyses were performed using probit model between volume based dose versus clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to stratification: publication year, country, inclusion time of patients, patients with prior radiotherapy, age, primaries or recurrent, tumor size, concurrent chemoradiotherapy proportion, dose rate, image modality for planning, and interstitial proportion.
RESULTS
A total of 879 patients with vaginal cancer were identified from 18 studies. Among them, 293 cases were primary vaginal cancer, 573 cases were recurrent cancer in the vagina, and 13 cases were unknown. The probit model showed a significant relationship between the HR-CTV (or CTV) D90 versus the 2-year and 3-year local control, P values were 0.013 and 0.014, respectively. The D90 corresponding to probabilities of 90% 2-year local control were 79.0 Gy (95% CI: 75.3-96.6 Gy).
CONCLUSIONS
A significant dependence of 2-year or 3-year local control on HR-CTV (or CTV) D90 was found. Our research findings encourage further validation of the dose-response relationship of radical radiotherapy for vaginal cancer through protocol based multicenter clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vaginal Neoplasms; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Radiotherapy Dosage; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Aged; Vagina
PubMed: 38851692
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12486-1 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2024Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of the uterus and the upper two-thirds of the vagina. It is a rare...
INTRODUCTION
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of the uterus and the upper two-thirds of the vagina. It is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 1 in 5000 female live births.
CASE SERIES
The authors describe three cases of females presenting with primary amenorrhoea who were diagnosed with MRKH syndrome. The patients were managed with McIndoe's vaginoplasty with neovagina creation with an amnion graft.
DISCUSSION
Management of MRKH syndrome involves vaginoplasty with neovagina creation. The approach to neovagina creation can be done surgically or non-surgically. Non-surgical creation of the vaginal cavity involves serial use of vaginal dilators, while there are several ways for surgical creation of neovagina. The modified Abbe-McIndoe procedure using amnion to create neovagina is a minimally invasive, rapid, and simple procedure with no risk of immune rejection because the amnion membrane lacks histocompatibility antigens. In addition, the graft is also readily available, storable, and inexpensive.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosis of MRKH syndrome can be made when a young female with primary amenorrhoea and normal secondary sexual characteristics has agenesis of the uterus, and upper two-thirds of the vagina revealed on ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. The patient can be offered treatment with vaginoplasty with neovagina creation.
PubMed: 38846829
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001877 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice May 2024Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome, the second important cause of primary amenorrhea, is characterized by complete mullerian agenesis in the presence of...
BACKGROUND
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome, the second important cause of primary amenorrhea, is characterized by complete mullerian agenesis in the presence of normal karyotype and normal functioning ovaries. Incidence is one in 4500 females. Treatment options include surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical treatment by creating a neovagina between bladder and rectum is preferred as it gives immediate results.
AIM
To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of modified vaginoplasty procedures conducted in our institution.
METHODS
An ambispective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at a tertiary care hospital and included 10 cases of MRKH syndrome, who underwent surgical treatment in our department. Postoperative outcome was noted. Sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score.
RESULTS
The mean duration of surgery was 40 minutes. The average blood loss during surgery in patients undergoing vaginoplasty was 60 ml. The mean length of the neovagina as measured 1 month after surgery was 7.9 cms. FSFI score was >30 in eight patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Modified McIndoe vaginoplasty is a simple, safe, and cost-effective procedure in the hands of experts. Only mature patients willing to follow the instructions and planning to get married soon should undergo this surgery.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vagina; Mullerian Ducts; 46, XX Disorders of Sex Development; Tertiary Care Centers; Adult; Adolescent; Congenital Abnormalities; Young Adult; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Treatment Outcome; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38842714
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_874_23