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Frontiers in Public Health 2024Breast milk is the ideal food for the infant and is associated with various public health benefits for both the infant and the mother. The recommended time for early...
INTRODUCTION
Breast milk is the ideal food for the infant and is associated with various public health benefits for both the infant and the mother. The recommended time for early initiation of breastfeeding is within one hour after birth. The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was lower than the plan of the Ethiopian Ministry of Health Sector Development program. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify individual and group-level factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Secondary data on children was obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia mini-demographic and health survey. The survey was a population-based cross-sectional study and was downloaded from the Measure Demographic and Health Survey website (http://www.measuredhs.com). The study included a random sample of 2,125 last-born infants who were born within 24 months before the survey. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Statistical data was analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.4).
RESULTS
The prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation was 72%. The higher preceding birth interval (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.1076, 1.5451), the higher gestational age of infants (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.2796, 1.4782), the higher number of antenatal care visits (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.2340, 1.2934), delivery at a health facility (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.4585, 1.7515), vaginal delivery (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.1019, 1.1123), mothers with primary education (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.0204, 1.2738), mothers with secondary education (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.4678, 1.6190), and mothers with higher education (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 2.2574, 3.0526) were associated with higher odds of early initiation of breastfeeding. Being a rural dweller (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.5684, 0.7038) and the age of mothers (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.3921, 0.4894) were associated with lower odds of early initiation of breastfeeding.
CONCLUSION
Since the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was minimal among rural mothers who delivered their child by caesarean section, this study strongly suggests special supportive care for these mothers.
Topics: Humans; Breast Feeding; Ethiopia; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Multilevel Analysis; Infant; Male; Infant, Newborn; Adolescent; Young Adult; Mothers; Prevalence; Time Factors; Health Surveys; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 38813432
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1393496 -
Heliyon May 2024The introduction of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing in cervical cancer screening enhanced the opportunity to introduce self-collection as an innovative approach to...
The introduction of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing in cervical cancer screening enhanced the opportunity to introduce self-collection as an innovative approach to improve coverage rates. Validation and standardization of the pre-analytical and analytical procedures are crucial for the quality assurance of HPV tests on self-collected samples. This study evaluated the analytical performance and the stability of self-collected vaginal samples resuspended in 5 mL of two non-alcohol-based media, eNat and MSwab compared to a professionally collected cervical sample, resuspended in 20 mL ThinPrep®, for the detection of high-risk HPV (hrHPV). The impact of the suspension volumes on analytical performance was also evaluated (2 and 5 ml). A good analytical concordance in hrHPV detection in cervical and vaginal self-collected swabs suspended in 5 ml of both non-alcohol-based media was demonstrated (eNat®: 91.2 %, k = 0.821; MSwab®: 91.4 %; k = 0.798). A similar analytical performance was found for samples resuspended in 2 mL (eNat®: 92.9 %, k = 0.811; MSwab®: 92.9 %, k = 0.811) compared to cervical samples. Good nucleic acid stability was demonstrated for vaginal samples stored at 20-25 °C and 37 °C for up to 4 weeks. Results of this preliminary study support the introduction of these media for vaginal self-sampling-based prevention programs. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to evaluate clinical accuracy in larger settings.
PubMed: 38813186
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31032 -
Radiology Case Reports Aug 2024Uterine adenomyomas of endocervical type are rare benign tumors of the uterine cervix commonly presented as cyst-like, dilated glandular structures within polypoid...
Uterine adenomyomas of endocervical type are rare benign tumors of the uterine cervix commonly presented as cyst-like, dilated glandular structures within polypoid masses. A premenopausal woman in her 50s was referred to our hospital because of an increasing watery vaginal discharge. A multifocal cyst measuring 5 × 4.5 cm in size projecting into the endocervical canal was revealed on a contrast-enhanced MRI. The fluid within the tumor showed a hypointense signal on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). On T2WI, most of the septa within the tumor showed a slightly hyperintense to hypointense signal, whereas some areas revealed a strong hypointense signal; the contrast effect on the septum was satisfactory. On the T2WI taken 2 years previously, the tumor was a 4.5 × 3.5 cm polypoid mass protruding from the posterior endocervical wall. Contrastingly, the current T2WI showed that the stem was no longer identifiable because of tumor growth. Because previous imaging showed that the tumor was a stalked tumor protruding from the posterior endocervical wall, the imaging diagnosis was uterine adenomyoma of the endocervical type. A biopsy suggested the possibility of a minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA). Hence, a total hysterectomy was performed. The final diagnosis confirmed the uterine adenomyoma of endocervical type. Uterine adenomyoma of the endocervical type might be difficult to differentiate from MDA in small biopsy specimens; therefore, evaluation of morphology by MRI is considered important in preoperative diagnosis.
PubMed: 38812595
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.04.084 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of frozen-thawed Piedmontese bull semen by incorporating MitoTEMPO (MT) in extended semen before cryopreservation....
The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of frozen-thawed Piedmontese bull semen by incorporating MitoTEMPO (MT) in extended semen before cryopreservation. Semen was collected from 4 fertile bulls, using an artificial vagina, once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks. Semen samples were pooled, diluted with Bullxcell extender, and supplemented with different concentrations of MT (0 as control, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM) before cooling, equilibration, and freezing procedures. The frozen-thawed semen was assessed for motility, vitality, acrosome intactness, plasma membrane integrity, DNA integrity, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS level and fertilizing capability. The results showed that MT at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 μM improved the total, progressive, and rapid motility directly after thawing while, at the highest tested concentration (80 μM), it decreased the progressive and rapid motility after 1, 2, and 3 h of incubation. The sperm kinetics including STR and LIN were noticeably increased at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 μM directly after thawing (0 h), whereas the MT effect was variable on the other sperm kinetics during the different incubation periods. MitoTEMPO improved the sperm vitality at all tested concentrations, while the acrosomal and DNA integrity were improved at 20 μM and the mitochondrial membrane potentials was increased at 80 μM. The cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were significantly increased by using semen treated with 20 μM MT compared with controls. These findings suggest a potential use of MT mainly at a concentration of 20 μM as an additive in the cryopreservation media of bull semen to improve sperm quality.
PubMed: 38812559
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1376057 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024Mongolia faces a significant burden of cervical cancer, with the highest prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the region. Cervical cancer ranks as the third most...
BACKGROUND
Mongolia faces a significant burden of cervical cancer, with the highest prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the region. Cervical cancer ranks as the third most common cancer among women in the country. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of self-sampling among young women in Mongolia and evaluate their knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer.
METHODS
In this study, participants provided a self-administered vaginal swabs to detect high-risk HPV genotypes. Both acceptability of self-sampling using swabs and participants knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer through a scored questionnaire were assessed. The knowledge scale was categorized into three groups: low (0-2), moderate (3-4) and high (5-6).
RESULTS
A total of 203 women aged 24-28 years completed the questionnaire and provided self-administered vaginal swabs. The majority (95.1%) found self-sampling technique using Copan Self Vaginal FLOQSwabs® easy to perform. Additionally, 98.5% indicated that the self-swab instructions were clear and comprehensive, while 94.1% reported no pain during the process. Furthermore, 67.8% of participants expressed a preference for performing the swab in a clinic rather than at home. All respondents chose self-sampling due to greater personal privacy, tranquility, reduced anxiety and time optimization. The questionnaire results revealed an overall low level of knowledge about HPV among participants, with a mean score at 1.9 out of 6 [95%CI 1.67-2.21] and a moderate level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer risks, with a mean score at 3.7 out of 6 [95%CI 3.19-4.21]. This pattern was consistent across both vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts, indicating a strong demand for enhanced awareness of HPV and cervical cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the high acceptance of self-sampling among young women aged 24-28 years in Mongolia. However, it also underscores a significant need for improved awareness initiatives concerning HPV and cervical cancer in Mongolia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Adult; Mongolia; Young Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vaginal Smears; Self Care; Follow-Up Studies; Specimen Handling; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prognosis; Early Detection of Cancer; Cross-Sectional Studies; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38809655
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1823 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing using dry-type self-sampled vaginal specimens is becoming more widespread worldwide due to increased screening uptake....
OBJECTIVE
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing using dry-type self-sampled vaginal specimens is becoming more widespread worldwide due to increased screening uptake. However, for the triage of hrHPV-positive women, a visit to a general practitioner is required for reflex cytology. This study aimed to evaluate the hrHPV detection capability of CellSoft®, a wet-type self-sampling method that also allows for cytology.
METHODS
Thirty-eight women aged 20 years and older were included in the study. The women self-sampled using CellSoft® after using an Evalyn® Brush. PCR-based HPV genotyping was performed on both specimens and hrHPV detection results of both devices were compared. Additionally, cytological exam was performed on CellSoft® samples.
RESULTS
Overall agreement between self-sampling devices for the detection of hrHPV in CellSoft® and Evalyn Brush was observed in 97.4% (37/38) of participants. More hrHPV genotypes were detected with Evalyn Brush than with CellSoft®. Among the 22 CellSoft® hrHPV-positive cases, 11 (47.6%) were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse.
CONCLUSION
CellSoft® hrHPV genotype detection results were in good agreement with those of Evalyn Brush. CellSoft® provided a sufficient cell volume for HPV testing and cytological evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Adult; Papillomaviridae; Genotype; Middle Aged; Vaginal Smears; Specimen Handling; DNA, Viral; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Young Adult; Early Detection of Cancer; Follow-Up Studies; Cytodiagnosis; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Aged; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Cytology
PubMed: 38809639
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1673 -
Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy Apr 2024To compare the dosimetric performance of vaginal intensity-modulated brachytherapy (IM-BRT) applicator and single- (SC-BRT) and multi-channel brachytherapy (MC-BRT)...
PURPOSE
To compare the dosimetric performance of vaginal intensity-modulated brachytherapy (IM-BRT) applicator and single- (SC-BRT) and multi-channel brachytherapy (MC-BRT) applicators for vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VC-BRT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Fifteen patients with uterine-confined endometrium cancer who received adjuvant VC-BRT were included in this study. IM-BRT, SC-BRT, and MC-BRT treatment plans were created for two different clinical target volume (CTV) definitions: 1. Standard CTV, called CTVs; and 2. Virtually defined CTV, called CTVv, with asymmetrical tumor extension > 5 mm in thickness. Plan comparison was performed using dose-volume histogram (DVH) and treatment planning parameters.
RESULTS
According to DVH analysis, D for CTVv and D for both CTVs and CTVv showed statistically significant differences between IM-BRT and SC-BRT plans, but there was no significant difference between IM-BRT and MC-BRT plans in terms of D and D for both CTVs and CTVv. Additionally, for CTVv plans, IM-BRT was found to be significantly superior to SC-BRT for the rectum (D, V, and V), bladder (D and V), and small bowel (D, V, and V). On the other hand, DVH parameters of the sigmoid showed large difference between IM-BRT and SC-BRT plans, but it was not statistically significant. Similarly, the use of IM-BRT applicator demonstrated a noticeable dose reduction in all defined OARs when compared with MC-BRT applicator, but statistically significant for the rectum V ( = 0.03) only.
CONCLUSIONS
While the IM-BRT applicator is still in pre-clinical phase, our investigation demonstrated the proof-of-concept in real patient treatment plans with promising dosimetric results compared with SC-BRT and MC-BRT plans in selected patient group.
PubMed: 38808211
DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2024.138979 -
Case Reports in Women's Health Jun 2024Splenic hydatid cysts are caused by the species and rarely occur in pregnancy. This case report describes the management of a 29-year-old pregnant woman with a large...
Splenic hydatid cysts are caused by the species and rarely occur in pregnancy. This case report describes the management of a 29-year-old pregnant woman with a large (11 × 8.7 × 10.5 cm) splenic hydatid cyst. The cyst had been identified before she became pregnant by her general practitioner with imaging investigations undertaken for her persistent left upper abdominal pain. The patient also had laboratory investigations which were positive for echinococcosis species. Hydatid splenic cysts are very rare and even more so in pregnancy. Risk of splenic cyst rupture exists, and rupture has significant risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Among the few case reports in the literature there is no clear consensus on conservative or surgical management during pregnancy and no clear guidelines for intrapartum care or delivery. The case report reviews the literature on splenic hydatid cyst disease in pregnancy and explores the management and outcome of this patient through her fourth pregnancy, which resulted in an uncomplicated vaginal birth.
PubMed: 38808175
DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2024.e00611 -
Journal of Family & Reproductive Health Dec 2023In vitro and in vivo researches have shown that silver nanoparticles have more antimicrobial properties with a lower concentration than antifungal agents against candida...
OBJECTIVE
In vitro and in vivo researches have shown that silver nanoparticles have more antimicrobial properties with a lower concentration than antifungal agents against candida vaginitis. Therefore, this study evaluated the therapeutic effect of silver nanoparticles (Nivasha spray15ppm) compared to clotrimazole 1% vaginal cream on candida vaginitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this clinical trial study, 110 women with confirmed candida vaginitis randomly were divided into test (n=58) and control (n=52) groups. Silver nanoparticles spray with an applicator (Nivasha 15 ppm), and clotrimazole 1% were administered to test and control groups, respectively. Then, within ten days, post-intervention checkup and patient self-reported for treatment results were recorded in checklists and the data were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
The improvement rate in test group (98.0%) was 1.44 times higher than in control (67.9%). Moreover, disease symptoms after the intervention (including unusual secretions, itching and burning, redness) in test group were significantly less than in the control, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of edema in two groups (p=0.071). Furthermore, the average recovery time (days) of all symptoms in test group was lower than control (p<0.05). Finally, the rate of patients' satisfaction with the treatment process in the test group (76.9%) was more than control (46.6%) (p=0.004).
CONCLUSION
Nivasha spray had more effectiveness compared to the clotrimazole 1%. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative drug in the treatment of Candida vaginitis.
PubMed: 38807624
DOI: 10.18502/jfrh.v17i4.14598 -
Scientific Reports May 2024The human microbiome contains genetic information that regulates metabolic processes in response to host health and disease. While acidic vaginal pH is maintained in...
The human microbiome contains genetic information that regulates metabolic processes in response to host health and disease. While acidic vaginal pH is maintained in normal conditions, the pH level increases in infectious vaginitis. We propose that this change in the vaginal environment triggers the biosynthesis of anti-vaginitis metabolites. Gene expression levels of Chryseobacterium gleum, a vaginal symbiotic bacterium, were found to be affected by pH changes. The distinctive difference in the metabolic profiles between two C. gleum cultures incubated under acidic and neutral pH conditions was suggested to be an anti-vaginitis molecule, which was identified as phenylacetic acid (PAA) by spectroscopic data analysis. The antimicrobial activity of PAA was evaluated in vitro, showing greater toxicity toward Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, two major vaginal pathogens, relative to commensal Lactobacillus spp. The activation of myeloperoxidase, prostaglandin E, and nuclear factor-κB, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were reduced by an intravaginal administration of PAA in the vaginitis mouse model. In addition, PAA displayed the downregulation of mast cell activation. Therefore, PAA was suggested to be a messenger molecule that mediates interactions between the human microbiome and vaginal health.
Topics: Female; Animals; Phenylacetates; Vagina; Mice; Humans; Chryseobacterium; Candida albicans; Symbiosis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Gardnerella vaginalis; Disease Models, Animal; Vaginitis
PubMed: 38806600
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62947-7