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Gut Pathogens May 2024Bile reflux (BR) can influence the gastric environment by altering gastric acidity and possibly the gastric microbiota composition. This study investigated the...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Bile reflux (BR) can influence the gastric environment by altering gastric acidity and possibly the gastric microbiota composition. This study investigated the correlation between bile acids and microbial compositions in the gastric juice of 50 subjects with differing gastric pathologies.
METHODS
This study included 50 subjects, which were categorized into three groups based on the endoscopic BR grading system. The primary and secondary bile acid concentrations in gastric juice samples were measured, and microbiota profiling was conducted using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed in each bile acid level in the three endoscopic BR groups (P < 0.05). The Shannon index demonstrated a significant decrease in the higher BR groups (P < 0.05). Analysis of the β-diversity revealed that BR significantly altered the gastric microbiota composition. The presence of neoplastic lesions and the presence of H. pylori infection impacted the β-diversity of the gastric juice microbiota. The abundance of the Streptococcus and Lancefielfdella genera exhibited positive correlations for almost all bile acid components(P < 0.05). In addition, the abundance of Slobacterium, Veillonella, and Schaalia showed positive correlations with primary unconjugated bile acids (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Changes in microbial diversity in the gastric juice were associated with BR presence in the stomach. This result suggests that the degree of BR should be considered when studying the gastric juice microbiome.
PubMed: 38715101
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00619-7 -
Oral microbiome dysbiosis among cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to non-users.Scientific Reports May 2024Tobacco use significantly influences the oral microbiome. However, less is known about how different tobacco products specifically impact the oral microbiome over time....
Tobacco use significantly influences the oral microbiome. However, less is known about how different tobacco products specifically impact the oral microbiome over time. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the oral microbiome of cigarette users, smokeless tobacco users, and non-users over 4 months (four time points). Buccal swab and saliva samples (n = 611) were collected from 85 participants. DNA was extracted from all samples and sequencing was carried out on an Illumina MiSeq, targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Cigarette and smokeless tobacco users had more diverse oral bacterial communities, including a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria, when compared to non-users. Non-users had a higher relative abundance of Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Oribacterium, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Rothia, and Veillonella in buccal swab samples, compared to tobacco users. While the most abundant bacterial genera were relatively constant over time, some species demonstrated significant shifts in relative abundance between the first and last time points. In addition, some opportunistic pathogens were detected among tobacco users including Neisseria subflava, Bulleidia moorei and Porphyromonas endodontalis. Overall, our results provide a more holistic understanding of the structure of oral bacterial communities in tobacco users compared to non-users.
Topics: Humans; Tobacco, Smokeless; Male; Microbiota; Female; Dysbiosis; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mouth; Saliva; Middle Aged; Bacteria; Smokers; Young Adult; Cigarette Smoking; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 38710815
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60730-2 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Emerging evidence demonstrates that the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to be a biomarker in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet...
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence demonstrates that the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to be a biomarker in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet studies on the impact of the gastric microbiome (GM) on the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are still scarce.
METHODS
Forty-eight patients with gastric cancer participated in this retrospective study, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue biospecimens and fresh-frozen tissues.
RESULTS
In this study, 16 bacterial taxa at different levels, including , , and , were identified to be enriched before NACT in response (R) patients in group FFPE. In contrast, 6 bacterial taxa, such as , (), etc. were enriched after NACT, in which we reported for the first time that the phylum was enriched before NACT in R patients. Thirty-one bacterial taxa of , , , and were identified in group mucosa as being enriched in R patients. In comparison, 4 bacterial taxa dominated by the phylum were enriched in NR patients. Notably, the family was found in both tissue samples, and the metabolic pathways, including the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and various amino acids, including alanine, were found to be potentially predictive in both sample species.
CONCLUSION
There are differences in the features of the GM for different NACT response results. The causal relationship deserves to be confirmed by further investigations.
PubMed: 38694796
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357261 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Apr 2024The aim of this study was to assess the microbial variations and biomarkers in the vaginal and oral environments of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the microbial variations and biomarkers in the vaginal and oral environments of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer (CC) and to develop novel prediction models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study included 164 samples collected from both the vaginal tract and oral subgingival plaque of 82 women. The participants were divided into four distinct groups based on their vaginal and oral samples: the control group (Z/KZ, n = 22), abortion group (AB/KAB, n = 17), HPV-infected group (HP/KHP, n = 21), and cervical cancer group (CC/KCC, n = 22). Microbiota analysis was conducted using full-length 16S rDNA gene sequencing with the PacBio platform.
RESULTS
The vaginal bacterial community in the Z and AB groups exhibited a relatively simple structure predominantly dominated by Lactobacillus. However, CC group shows high abundances of anaerobic bacteria and alpha diversity. Biomarkers such as Bacteroides, Mycoplasma, Bacillus, Dialister, Porphyromonas, Anaerococcus, and Prevotella were identified as indicators of CC. Correlations were established between elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and local/systemic inflammation, pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, which contribute to unevenness in the vaginal microenvironment. The altered microbial diversity in the CC group was confirmed by amino acid metabolism. Oral microbial diversity exhibited an inverse pattern to that of the vaginal microbiome, indicating a unique relationship. The microbial diversity of the KCC group was significantly lower than that of the KZ group, indicating a link between oral health and cancer development. Several microbes, including Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Propionibacterium, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria, were identified as CC biomarkers. Moreover, periodontal pathogens were associated with blood CRP levels and oral hygiene conditions. Elevated oral microbial amino acid metabolism in the CC group was closely linked to the presence of pathogens. Positive correlations indicated a synergistic relationship between vaginal and oral bacteria.
CONCLUSION
HPV infection and CC impact both the vaginal and oral microenvironments, affecting systemic metabolism and the synergy between bacteria. This suggests that the use of oral flora markers is a potential screening tool for the diagnosis of CC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Microbiota; Vagina; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Mouth; Adult; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38685022
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05124-8 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024This study aimed to assess the association between the oral microbiome, age, and frailty. Data and saliva samples were obtained from male and female participants aged...
This study aimed to assess the association between the oral microbiome, age, and frailty. Data and saliva samples were obtained from male and female participants aged 35-70 years (n = 1357). Saliva samples were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and differences in microbial diversity and community compositions were examined in relation to chronological age and the frailty index (FI). Most alpha diversity measures (Richness, Shannon Diversity, Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity) showed an inverse association with frailty, whereas a positive association was observed with age and Shannon Diversity and Evenness. A further sex-stratified analysis revealed differences in measures of microbial diversity and composition. Multiple genera were detected as significantly differentially abundant with increasing frailty and age by at least two methods. With age, the relative abundance of Veillonella was reduced in both males and females, whereas increases in Corynebacterium appeared specific to males and Aggregatibacter, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Stomatobaculum, and Porphyromonas specific to females. Beta diversity was significantly associated with multiple mental health components of the FI. This study shows age and frailty are differentially associated with measures of microbial diversity and composition, suggesting the oral microbiome may be a useful indicator of increased risk of frailty or a potential target for improving health in ageing adults.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Aged; Adult; Frailty; Microbiota; Canada; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mouth; Saliva; Bacteria; Aging; Age Factors
PubMed: 38678061
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60409-8 -
Metabolites Apr 2024The oral cavity contains a vast array of microbes that contribute to the balance between oral health and disease. In addition, oral bacteria can gain access to the...
The oral cavity contains a vast array of microbes that contribute to the balance between oral health and disease. In addition, oral bacteria can gain access to the circulation and contribute to other diseases and chronic conditions. There are a limited number of publications available regarding the comparative lipidomics of oral bacteria and fungi involved in the construction of oral biofilms, hence our decision to study the lipidomics of representative oral bacteria and a fungus. We performed high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses (<2.0 ppm mass error) of the lipidomes from five Gram-positive commensal bacteria: , , , , and ; five Gram-positive opportunistic bacteria: , , , , and ; seven Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria: , , , , , and ; and one fungus: . Our mass spectrometric analytical platform allowed for a detailed evaluation of the many structural modifications made by microbes for the three major lipid scaffolds: glycerol, sphingosine and fatty acyls of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs).
PubMed: 38668368
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040240 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Cutaneous melanoma (CM) of the skin stands as the leading cause of mortality among skin cancer-related deaths. Despite the successes achieved with novel therapies such...
BACKGROUND
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) of the skin stands as the leading cause of mortality among skin cancer-related deaths. Despite the successes achieved with novel therapies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, their efficacy remains limited, necessitating further exploration of new treatment modalities. The gut microbiota and CM may be linked, as indicated by a growing body of preclinical and observational research. Nevertheless, the exact correlation between the intestinal microbiota and CM remains to be determined. Therefore, this study aims to assess the potential causal relationship between the gut microbiota and CM.
METHODS
The study utilized exposure data obtained from the MiBioGen consortium's microbiome GWAS, which included a total of 18,340 samples gathered from 24 population-based cohorts. Data at the summary level for CM were acquired from the UK Biobank investigation. The main analytical strategy utilized in this research was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique, supported by quality assurance measures like the weighted median model, MR-Egger, simple model, and weighted model approaches. The Cochran's Q test was used to evaluate heterogeneity. To ascertain potential pleiotropy, we employed both the MR-Egger regression and the MR-PRESSO test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method.
RESULTS
The study found that the class (OR = 0.997, 95% CI: 0.995-0.999, = 0.027), genus (OR = 0.997, 95% CI: 0.994-0.999, = 0.037), order (OR = 0.997, 95% CI: 0.995-0.999, = 0.027), and genus (OR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996-0.999, = 0.046) have protective effects on CM. On the order hand, the genus (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1-1.006, = 0.001) and phylum (OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 1-1.004, = 0.04) are identified as risk factors for CM.
CONCLUSION
We comprehensively assessed the potential causal relationship between the gut microbiota and CM and identified associations between six gut microbiota and CM. Among these, four gut microbiota were identified as protective factors for CM, while two gut microbiota were identified as risk factors for CM. This study effectively established a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and CM, thereby providing valuable insights into the mechanistic pathways through which the microbiota impacts the progression of CM.
PubMed: 38650882
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1339621 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Apr 2024Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare syndromic immunodeficiency with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and increased risk of malignancy. In this cross-sectional...
BACKGROUND
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare syndromic immunodeficiency with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and increased risk of malignancy. In this cross-sectional observational study, we examined HPV status and oral microbiome in individuals with CHH. Oral brush samples were collected from 20 individuals with CHH (aged 5-59 years) and 41 controls (1-69 years). Alpha HPVs (43 types) were tested by nested PCR followed by bead-based probe hybridization. Separately, beta-, gamma-, mu- and nu- HPV types were investigated, and a genome-based bacterial microbiome sequencing was performed.
RESULTS
We found a similar alpha HPV prevalence in individuals with CHH (45%) and controls (36%). The HPV types of individuals with CHH were HPV-16 (25%), 27, 28, and 78, and of controls HPV-3, 16 (21%), 27, and 61. Beta HPV positivity and combined beta/gamma/mu/nu prevalence was detected in 11% and 11% of individuals with CHH and in 5% and 3% of the controls, respectively. Individuals with CHH differed from the controls in bacterial microbiota diversity, richness, and in microbial composition. Individuals with CHH had lower abundance of species Mitsuokella sp000469545, Parascardovia denticolens, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, UMGS1907 sp004151455, Salinicola halophilus, Haemophilus_A paraphrohaemolyticus, Fusobacterium massiliense, and Veillonella parvula, and higher abundance of Slackia exigua.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with CHH exhibit similar prevalence of HPV DNA but different bacterial microbiota on their oral mucosa compared to healthy controls. This may partly explain the previously observed high prevalence of oral diseases in CHH, and regular oral examination is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hair; Hirschsprung Disease; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Microbiota; Osteochondrodysplasias; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
PubMed: 38637854
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03164-3 -
Microbes and Infection Apr 2024Few reports focused on the role of oral microbiome diversity in HIV infection. We characterized the microbiota-immunity axis in a cohort of treatment-naïve...
PURPOSE
Few reports focused on the role of oral microbiome diversity in HIV infection. We characterized the microbiota-immunity axis in a cohort of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) focusing on the oral microbiome (OM) and immunological responsivity.
METHODS
The sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable region was performed on salivary samples of 15 healthy control (HC) and 12 HIV + patients before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression. Then, we correlated the OM composition with serum cytokines and the Short Chain Fatty acids (SCFAs).
RESULTS
The comparison between HIV patients and HC oral microbiota showed differences in the bacterial α-diversity and richness. We documented a negative correlation between oral Prevotella and intestinal valeric acid at before starting ART and a positive correlation between oral Veillonella and gut acetic acid after reaching virological suppression. Finally, an increase in the phylum Proteobacteria was observed comparing saliva samples of immunological responders (IRs) patients against immunological non-responders (INRs).
CONCLUSIONS
For the first time, we described an increase in the oral pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria phylum in INRs compared to IRs. We provided more evidence that saliva could be a non-invasive and less expensive approach for research involving the oral cavity microbiome in HIV patients.
PubMed: 38636822
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105339 -
Respiratory Research Apr 2024Little is known about the relationships between human genetics and the airway microbiome. Deeply sequenced airway metagenomics, by simultaneously characterizing the...
Little is known about the relationships between human genetics and the airway microbiome. Deeply sequenced airway metagenomics, by simultaneously characterizing the microbiome and host genetics, provide a unique opportunity to assess the microbiome-host genetic associations. Here we performed a co-profiling of microbiome and host genetics with the identification of over 5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through deep metagenomic sequencing in sputum of 99 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 36 healthy individuals. Host genetic variation was the most significant factor associated with the microbiome except for geography and disease status, with its top 5 principal components accounting for 12.11% of the microbiome variability. Within COPD individuals, 113 SNPs mapped to candidate genes reported as genetically associated with COPD exhibited associations with 29 microbial species and 48 functional modules (P < 1 × 10), where Streptococcus salivarius exhibits the strongest association to SNP rs6917641 in TBC1D32 (P = 9.54 × 10). Integration of concurrent host transcriptomic data identified correlations between the expression of host genes and their genetically-linked microbiome features, including NUDT1, MAD1L1 and Veillonella parvula, TTLL9 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and LTA4H and Haemophilus influenzae. Mendelian randomization analyses revealed a potential causal link between PARK7 expression and microbial type III secretion system, and a genetically-mediated association between COPD and increased relative abundance of airway Streptococcus intermedius. These results suggest a previously underappreciated role of host genetics in shaping the airway microbiome and provide fresh hypotheses for genetic-based host-microbiome interactions in COPD.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Microbiota; Sputum; Transcriptome; Human Genetics; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
PubMed: 38622589
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02805-2