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BMC Oral Health Apr 2024The oral cavity is home to various ecological niches, each with its own unique microbial composition. Understanding the microbial communities and gene composition in...
BACKGROUND
The oral cavity is home to various ecological niches, each with its own unique microbial composition. Understanding the microbial communities and gene composition in different ecological niches within the oral cavity of oral cancer (OC) patients is crucial for determining how these microbial populations contribute to disease progression.
METHODS
In this study, saliva and dental plaque samples were collected from patients with OC. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the microbial community classification and functional composition of the different sample groups.
RESULTS
The results of the study revealed significant differences in both the function and classification of microbial communities between saliva and dental plaque samples. The diversity of microbial species in saliva was found to be higher compared to that in plaque samples. Notably, Actinobacteria were enriched in the dental plaque of OC patients. Furthermore, the study identified several inter-group differential marker species, including Prevotella intermedia, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Actinomyces radius, Corynebacterium matruchitii, and Veillonella atypica. Additionally, 1,353 differential genes were annotated into 23 functional pathways. Interestingly, a significant correlation was observed between differentially labeled species and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, which may be related to the occurrence and development of cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant differences in the microbial and genetic composition of saliva and dental plaque samples were observed in OC patients. Furthermore, pathogenic bacteria associated with oral diseases were predominantly enriched in saliva. The identification of inter-group differential biomarkers and pathways provide insights into the relationship between oral microbiota and the occurrence and development of OC.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Dental Plaque; Bacteria; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38575895
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04181-1 -
BMC Cancer Apr 2024Through research on the gut microbiota (GM), increasing evidence has indicated that the GM is associated with esophageal cancer (ESCA). However, the specific...
BACKGROUND
Through research on the gut microbiota (GM), increasing evidence has indicated that the GM is associated with esophageal cancer (ESCA). However, the specific cause-and-effect relationship remains unclear. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to investigate the causal relationship between the GM and ESCA, including its subtypes.
METHODS
We collected information on 211 GMs and acquired data on ESCA and its subtypes through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The causal relationship was primarily assessed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Additionally, we applied the weighted median estimator (WME) method, MR-Egger method, weighted mode, and simple mode to provide further assistance. Subsequent to these analyses, sensitivity analysis was conducted using the MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out method.
RESULT
Following our assessment using five methods and sensitivity analysis, we identified seven GMs with potential causal relationships with ESCA and its subtypes. At the genus level, Veillonella and Coprobacter were positively correlated with ESCA, whereas Prevotella9, Eubacterium oxidoreducens group, and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with ESCA. In the case of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), Flavonifractor exhibited a positive correlation, while Actinomyces exhibited a negative correlation.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed the potential causal relationship between GM and ESCA and its subtypes, offering novel insights for the advancement of ESCA diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Esophageal Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 38575885
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12205-w -
BMC Microbiology Apr 2024Postpartum women often experience stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and vaginal microbial dysbiosis, which seriously affect women's physical and mental health....
BACKGROUND
Postpartum women often experience stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and vaginal microbial dysbiosis, which seriously affect women's physical and mental health. Understanding the relationship between SUI and vaginal microbiota composition may help to prevent vaginal diseases, but research on the potential association between these conditions is limited.
RESULTS
This study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the association between SUI and vaginal dysbiosis. In terms of the vaginal microbiota, both species richness and evenness were significantly higher in the SUI group. Additionally, the results of NMDS and species composition indicated that there were differences in the composition of the vaginal microbiota between the two groups. Specifically, compared to postpartum women without SUI (Non-SUI), the relative abundance of bacteria associated with bacterial dysbiosis, such as Streptococcus, Prevotella, Dialister, and Veillonella, showed an increase, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased in SUI patients. Furthermore, the vaginal microbial co-occurrence network of SUI patients displayed higher connectivity, complexity, and clustering.
CONCLUSION
The study highlights the role of Lactobacillus in maintaining vaginal microbial homeostasis. It found a correlation between SUI and vaginal microbiota, indicating an increased risk of vaginal dysbiosis. The findings could enhance our understanding of the relationship between SUI and vaginal dysbiosis in postpartum women, providing valuable insights for preventing bacterial vaginal diseases and improving women's health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Dysbiosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina; Microbiota; Lactobacillus; Bacteria; Vaginal Diseases
PubMed: 38575862
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03237-0 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The incidence of biliary system diseases has been continuously increasing in the past decade. Biliary system diseases bring a heavy burden to humanity and society....
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of biliary system diseases has been continuously increasing in the past decade. Biliary system diseases bring a heavy burden to humanity and society. However, the specific etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. The biliary system, as a bridge between the liver and intestine, plays an indispensable role in maintaining the physiological metabolism of the body. Therefore, prevention and treatment of biliary diseases are crucial. It is worth noting that the microorganisms participate in the lipid metabolism of the bile duct, especially the largest proportion of intestinal bacteria.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the intestinal microbiota in patients with gallstones (GS), non-calculous biliary inflammatory, and biliary tract cancer (BTC). And searched Pubmed, Embase and Web of science for research studies published up to November 2023.
RESULTS
We found that the abundance of Faecalibacterium genus is decreased in GS, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and BTC. Veillonella, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus genus were significantly increased in PSC, PBC and BTC. Interestingly, we found that the relative abundance of Clostridium was generally reduced in GS, PBC and BTC. However, Clostridium was generally increased in PSC.
DISCUSSION
The existing research mostly focuses on exploring the mechanisms of bacteria targeting a single disease. Lacking comparison of multiple diseases and changes in bacteria during the disease process. We hope to provide biomarkers forearly diagnosis of biliary system diseases and provide new directions for the mechanism of intestinal microbiota in biliary diseases.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Biliary Tract; Liver; Biomarkers; Bacteria
PubMed: 38558851
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1362933 -
PloS One 2024The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism of the host has been established, both in overweight/obesity, as well as in undernutrition/stunting. Dysbiosis of the...
The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism of the host has been established, both in overweight/obesity, as well as in undernutrition/stunting. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may predispose to stunting. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota composition of stunted Indonesian children and non-stunted children between 36 and 45 months from two sites on the East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) islands. Fecal samples were collected from 100 stunted children and 100 non-stunted children in Kupang and North Kodi. The gut microbiota composition was determined by sequencing amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Moreover, fecal SCFA concentrations were analyzed. The microbiota composition was correlated to anthropometric parameters and fecal metabolites. The phyla Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidota; q = 0.014) and Cyanobacteria (q = 0.049) were significantly higher in stunted children. Three taxa at genus levels were consistently significantly higher in stunted children at both sampling sites, namely Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibacterium and Veillonella (q < 7 * 10-4). These and 9 other taxa positively correlated to the z-score length-for-age (zlen), while 11 taxa negatively correlated with zlen. Several taxa also correlated with sanitary parameters, some of which were also significantly different between the two groups. All three fecal SCFA concentrations (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and their total were lower in stunted children compared to non-stunted children, although not significant for butyrate, indicating lower energy-extraction by the gut microbiota. Also, since SCFA have been shown to be involved in gut barrier function, barrier integrity may be affected in the stunted children. It remains to be seen if the three taxa are involved in stunting, or are changed due to e.g. differences in diet, hygiene status, or other factors. The observed differences in this study do not agree with our previous observations in children on Java, Indonesia. There are differences in infrastructure facilities such as clean water and sanitation on ENT and Java, which may contribute to the differences observed. The role of the gut microbiota in stunting therefore requires more in depth studies. Trial registration: the trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier number NCT05119218.
Topics: Humans; Bacteroidetes; Butyrates; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Growth Disorders; Indonesia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38551926
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299349 -
Microorganisms Mar 2024We investigated the prognostic role of the gut microbiome and clinical factors in chronic liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC])....
We investigated the prognostic role of the gut microbiome and clinical factors in chronic liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]). Utilizing data from 227 patients whose stool samples were collected over the prior 3 years and a Cox proportional hazards model, we integrated clinical attributes and microbiome composition based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. HCC was the primary cause of mortality, with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system-derived B/C significantly increasing the mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.060; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6509-17.793; < 0.001). Cholesterol levels < 140 mg/dL were associated with higher mortality rates (HR = 4.411; 95% CI: 2.0151-9.6555; < 0.001). from showed a protective effect, reducing mortality risk (HR = 0.289; 95% CI: 0.1282 to 0.6538; = 0.002), whereas increased presence was associated with a higher risk (HR = 2.733; 95% CI: 1.1922-6.2664; = 0.017). The potential of specific bacterial taxa as independent prognostic factors suggests that integrating microbiome data could improve the prognosis and treatment of chronic liver disease. These microbiome-derived markers have prognostic significance independently and in conjunction with clinical factors, suggesting their utility in improving a patient's prognosis.
PubMed: 38543661
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030610 -
International Dental Journal Mar 2024Psychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain...
OBJECTIVE
Psychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain this association may be significant in planning preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association amongst academic stress, periodontal health, and salivary cortisol and nitrite and nitrate levels in a sample of university students.
METHODS
Participants (N = 14) were classified into 2 groups according to their exposure to academic stress due to periods of university exams (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively). All participants were subjected evlauted for their behavioural, psychological, and anthropometric parameters, as well as an oral health examination. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in samples of saliva and plaque was used to detect Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella dispar as well as the total bacterial count. Nitrite/nitrate ratio (NR ratio) and cortisol in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
Full Mouth Bleeding Score, Full Mouth Plaque Score, and Gingival Index were significantly higher in the group exposed to academic stress. Nitrite was directly related to the presence of V dispar (coefficient, 0.13; P = .00; CI, 0.07 to 0.19) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -0.07; P = .012; CI, -0.13 to 0.02). NR ratio was directly related to V dispar (coefficient, 4.35; P = .010; 95% CI, 1.35 to 7.36) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -4.05; P = .018; 95% CI, -7.32 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm the importance of stress on periodontal health and salivary nitrite concentration and highlight a potential differential role of specific bacteria on nitrite concentration in saliva.
PubMed: 38538383
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.02.003 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Mar 2024There is growing evidence that altered microbiota abundance of a range of specific anaerobic bacteria are associated with cancer, including spp., spp., spp., spp.,... (Review)
Review
There is growing evidence that altered microbiota abundance of a range of specific anaerobic bacteria are associated with cancer, including spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp spp and spp. linked to multiple cancer types. In this review we explore these pathogenic associations. The mechanisms by which bacteria are known or predicted to interact with human cells are reviewed and we present an overview of the interlinked mechanisms and hypotheses of how multiple intracellular anaerobic bacterial pathogens may act together to cause host cell and tissue microenvironment changes associated with carcinogenesis and cancer cell invasion. These include combined effects on changes in cell signalling, DNA damage, cellular metabolism and immune evasion. Strategies for early detection and eradication of anaerobic cancer-associated bacterial pathogens that may prevent cancer progression are proposed.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Carcinogenesis; Immune Evasion; Porphyromonas; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38535967
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001817 -
Environment International Apr 2024Environmental toxicants (ETs) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Here we hypothesized that exposures to ETs are linked with obesity and insulin resistance...
Environmental toxicants (ETs) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Here we hypothesized that exposures to ETs are linked with obesity and insulin resistance partly through a dysbiotic gut microbiota and changes in the serum levels of secondary bile acids (BAs). Serum BAs, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and additional twenty-seven ETs were measured by mass spectrometry in 264 Danes (121 men and 143 women, aged 56.6 ± 7.3 years, BMI 29.7 ± 6.0 kg/m) using a combination of targeted and suspect screening approaches. Bacterial species were identified based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) of DNA extracted from stool samples. Personalized genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of gut microbial communities were developed to elucidate regulation of BA pathways. Subsequently, we compared findings from the human study with metabolic implications of exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in PPARα-humanized mice. Serum levels of twelve ETs were associated with obesity and insulin resistance. High chemical exposure was associated with increased abundance of several bacterial species (spp.) of genus (Anaerotruncus, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Dorea, Eubacterium, Escherichia, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Subdoligranulum, and Veillonella), particularly in men. Conversely, females in the higher exposure group, showed a decrease abundance of Prevotella copri. High concentrations of ETs were correlated with increased levels of secondary BAs including lithocholic acid (LCA), and decreased levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In silico causal inference analyses suggested that microbiome-derived secondary BAs may act as mediators between ETs and obesity or insulin resistance. Furthermore, these findings were substantiated by the outcome of the murine exposure study. Our combined epidemiological and mechanistic studies suggest that multiple ETs may play a role in the etiology of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may arise from disruptions in the microbial biosynthesis of secondary BAs.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Dysbiosis; Environmental Pollutants; Animals; Environmental Exposure; Mice; Bile Acids and Salts; Aged
PubMed: 38522229
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108569 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024The purpose of this study was to assess the composition of the oral microbial flora of adults with rampant caries in China to provide guidance for treatment.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the composition of the oral microbial flora of adults with rampant caries in China to provide guidance for treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixty human salivary and supragingival plaque samples were collected. They were characterized into four groups: patients with rampant caries with Sjogren's syndrome (RC-SS) or high-sugar diet (RC-HD), common dental caries (DC), and healthy individuals (HP). The 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the bacterial DNA was detected by Illumina sequencing. PCoA based on OTU with Bray-Curtis algorithm, the abundance of each level, LEfSe analysis, network analysis, and PICRUSt analysis were carried out between the four groups and two sample types. Clinical and demographic data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, depending on the normality of the data, using GraphPad Prism 8 (P < 0.05).
RESULTS
OTU principal component analysis revealed a significant difference between healthy individuals and those with RC-SS. In the saliva of patients with rampant caries, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased significantly at the phylum level. Further, Streptocpccus, Veillonella, Prevotella, and Dialister increased, while Neisseria and Haemophilus decreased at the genus level. Veillonella increased in the plaque samples of patients with rampant caries.
CONCLUSION
Both salivary and dental plaque composition were significantly different between healthy individuals and patients with rampant caries. This study provides a microbiological basis for exploring the etiology of rampant caries.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study provides basic information on the flora of the oral cavity in adults with rampant caries in China. These findings could serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dental Caries; Sjogren's Syndrome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Saliva; Bacteria; Microbiota; Sugars; Diet
PubMed: 38515087
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04150-8