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Physiological Reports Mar 2024Hypertension (HTN) is common among athletes and the most recent epidemiologic data reports that cardiovascular (CV) sudden death is significantly greater in African...
Hypertension (HTN) is common among athletes and the most recent epidemiologic data reports that cardiovascular (CV) sudden death is significantly greater in African Americans (AAs). Gut microbial dysbiosis (a poorly diverse stool microbial profile) has been associated with HTN in sedentary people but microbial characteristics of athletes with HTN are unknown. Our purpose was to differentiate microbiome characteristics associated with BP status in AA collegiate athletes. Thirty AA collegiate athletes were stratified by normal BP (systolic BP (SBP) ≤130 mmHg; n = 15) and HTN (SBP ≥130 mmHg; n = 15). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples to identify microbes at the genus level. We did not observe any significant differences in alpha diversity, but beta diversity was different between groups. Principal coordinate analysis was significantly different (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05, R = 0.235) between groups. Spearman rank correlations showed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation between systolic BP and abundances for Adlercreutzia (R = 0.64), Coprococcus (R = 0.49), Granulicatella (R = 0.63), and Veillonella (R = 0.41). Gut microbial characteristics were associated with differentially abundant microbial genus' and BP status. These results will direct future studies to define the functions of these microbes associated with BP in athletes.
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Pilot Projects; Black or African American; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Hypertension; Athletes
PubMed: 38514894
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15982 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2024Oral microbiome dysbacteriosis has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of advanced esophageal cancer. However, few studies investigated the potential...
BACKGROUND
Oral microbiome dysbacteriosis has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of advanced esophageal cancer. However, few studies investigated the potential role of oral and gastric microbiota in early-stage intramucosal esophageal squamous carcinoma (EIESC).
METHOD
A total of 104 samples were collected from 31 patients with EIESC and 21 healthy controls. The compositions of oral and gastric microbiota were analyzed using 16 S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to assess taxonomic differences between groups. The correlation between oral microbiota and clinicopathological factors was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, co-occurrence networks were established and random forest models were utilized to identify significant microbial biomarkers for distinguishing between the EIESC and control groups.
RESULTS
A total of 292 oral genera and 223 species were identified in both EIESC and healthy controls. Six oral genera were remarkably enriched in EIESC groups, including the genera Porphyromonas, Shigella, Subdoligranulum, Leptotrichia, Paludibacter, and Odoribacter. LEfSe analysis identified genera Porphyromonas and Leptotrichia with LDA scores > 3. In the random forest model, Porphyromonas endodontalis ranked the top microbial biomarker to differentiate EIESC from controls. The elimination rate of Porphyromonas endodontalis from the oral cavity to the stomach was also dramatically decreased in the EIESC group than controls. In the microbial co-occurrence network, Porphyromonas endodontalis was positively correlated with Prevotella tannerae and Prevotella intermedia and was negatively correlated with Veillonella dispar.
CONCLUSION
Our study potentially indicates that the dysbacteriosis of both the oral and gastric microbiome was associated with EIESC. Larger scale studies and experimental animal models are urgently needed to confirm the possible role of microbial dysbacteriosis in the pathogenesis of EIESC. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center, ChiCTR2200063464, Registered 07 September 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178563).
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Mouth; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38491387
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03233-4 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2024Although the pathology of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is unknown, the central nervous system is reportedly involved. The gut microbiota is important in modifying...
BACKGROUND
Although the pathology of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is unknown, the central nervous system is reportedly involved. The gut microbiota is important in modifying central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and MCS remains unclear. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota variations associated with MCS using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples.
METHODS
We prospectively recruited 30 consecutive Japanese female patients with MCS and analyzed their gut microbiomes using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The data were compared with metagenomic data obtained from 24 age- and sex-matched Japanese healthy controls (HC).
RESULTS
We observed no significant difference in alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota between the MCS patients and HC. Focusing on the important changes in the literatures, at the genus level, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Akkermansia were significantly more abundant in MCS patients than in HC (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively, fold change = 4.03, 1.53, 2.86, respectively). At the species level, Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly more abundant (p = 0.02, fold change = 3.3) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii significantly less abundant in MCS patients than in HC (p = 0.03, fold change = 0.53). Functional analysis revealed that xylene and dioxin degradation pathways were significantly enriched (p < 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively, fold change = 1.54, 1.46, respectively), whereas pathways involved in amino acid metabolism and synthesis were significantly depleted in MCS (p < 0.01, fold change = 0.96). Pathways related to antimicrobial resistance, including the two-component system and cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance, were also significantly enriched in MCS (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively, fold change = 1.1, 1.2, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The gut microbiota of patients with MCS shows dysbiosis and alterations in bacterial functions related to exogenous chemicals and amino acid metabolism and synthesis. These findings may contribute to the further development of treatment for MCS.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000031031. The date of first trial registration: 28/01/2018.
Topics: Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Multiple Chemical Sensitivity; Japan; Feces; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38468206
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03239-y -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jun 2024The respiratory microbiome has been associated with the etiology and disease course of asthma.
BACKGROUND
The respiratory microbiome has been associated with the etiology and disease course of asthma.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to assess the nasopharyngeal microbiota in children with a severe asthma exacerbation and their associations with medication, air quality, and viral infection.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed among children aged 2 to 18 years admitted to the medium care unit (MCU; n = 84) or intensive care unit (ICU; n = 78) with an asthma exacerbation. For case-control analyses, we matched all cases aged 2 to 6 years (n = 87) to controls in a 1:2 ratio. Controls were participants of either a prospective case-control study or a longitudinal birth cohort (n = 182). The nasopharyngeal microbiota was characterized by 16S-rRNA-gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Cases showed higher Shannon diversity index (ICU and MCU combined; P = .002) and a distinct microbial community composition when compared with controls (permutational multivariate ANOVA R = 1.9%; P < .001). We observed significantly higher abundance of Staphylococcus and "oral" taxa, including Neisseria, Veillonella, and Streptococcus spp. and a lower abundance of Dolosigranulum pigrum, Corynebacterium, and Moraxella spp. (MaAsLin2; q < 0.25) in cases versus controls. Furthermore, Neisseria abundance was associated with more severe disease (ICU vs MCU MaAslin2, P = .03; q = 0.30). Neisseria spp. abundance was also related with fine particulate matter exposure, whereas Haemophilus and Streptococcus abundances were related with recent inhaled corticosteroid use. We observed no correlations with viral infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate that children admitted with asthma exacerbations harbor a microbiome characterized by overgrowth of Staphylococcus and "oral" microbes and an underrepresentation of beneficial niche-appropriate commensals. Several of these associations may be explained by (environmental or medical) exposures, although cause-consequence relationships remain unclear and require further investigations.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Male; Nasopharynx; Female; Microbiota; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Case-Control Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Disease Progression; Prospective Studies; Bacteria
PubMed: 38467291
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.020 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024A dataset comprising metagenomes of outpatients (n = 28) with acute leukemia (AL) and healthy controls (n = 14) was analysed to investigate the associations...
A dataset comprising metagenomes of outpatients (n = 28) with acute leukemia (AL) and healthy controls (n = 14) was analysed to investigate the associations between gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity and AL. According to the results obtained, no significant differences in the microbial diversity between AL outpatients and healthy controls were found. However, significant differences in the abundance of specific microbial clades of healthy controls and AL outpatients were found. We found some differences at taxa level. The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae was increased in AL outpatients, while Bacteirodaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae was decreased. Interestingly, the abundances of several taxa including Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium species showed variations based on recovery time from the last cycle of chemotherapy. Functional annotation of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) revealed the presence of functional domains corresponding to therapeutic enzymes including L-asparaginase in a wide range of genera including Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Akkermansia. Metabolic network modelling revealed potential symbiotic relationships between Veillonella parvula and Levyella massiliensis and several species found in the microbiota of AL outpatients. These results may contribute to develop strategies for the recovery of microbiota composition profiles in the treatment of patients with AL.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces; Bacteria; Microbiota; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38454103
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56054-w -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... May 2024Cystic fibrosis associated liver disease (CFLD) carries a significant disease burden with no effective preventive therapies. According to the gut-liver axis hypothesis...
BACKGROUND
Cystic fibrosis associated liver disease (CFLD) carries a significant disease burden with no effective preventive therapies. According to the gut-liver axis hypothesis for CFLD pathogenesis, dysbiosis and increased intestinal inflammation and permeability permit pathogenic bacterial translocation into the portal circulation, leading to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Evaluating the effect of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) modulation with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) may help determine the role of CFTR in CFLD and increase understanding of CFLD pathogenesis, which is critical for developing therapies. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in participants with CF with and without advanced CFLD (aCFLD) before and after ETI.
METHODS
This is an ancillary analysis of stool samples from participants ages ≥12 y/o enrolled in PROMISE (NCT04038047). Included participants had aCFLD (cirrhosis with or without portal hypertension, or non-cirrhotic portal hypertension) or CF without liver disease (CFnoLD). Fecal microbiota were defined by shotgun metagenomic sequencing at baseline and 1 and 6 months post-ETI.
RESULTS
We analyzed 93 samples from 34 participants (11 aCFLD and 23 CFnoLD). Compared to CFnoLD, aCFLD had significantly higher baseline relative abundances of potential pathogens Streptococcus salivarius and Veillonella parvula. Four of 11 aCFLD participants had an initially abnormal fecal calprotectin that normalized 6 months post-ETI, correlating with a significant decrease in S. salivarius and a trend towards decreasing V. parvula.
CONCLUSIONS
These results support an association between dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in CFLD with improvements in both post-ETI, lending further support to the gut-liver axis in aCFLD.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Aminophenols; Benzodioxoles; Chloride Channel Agonists; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Combinations; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Indoles; Liver Diseases; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyrroles; Pyrrolidines; Quinolones
PubMed: 38448281
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.02.015 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cinhal databases for literature published until 15 December 2023, to identify studies that have evaluated the oral microbiome with culture-independent next-generation techniques comparing the oral microbiome of tobacco users and non-users. The search followed the PECO format. The outcomes included changes in microbial diversity and abundance of microbial taxa. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) (PROSPERO ID CRD42022340151).
RESULTS
Out of 2,435 articles screened, 36 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria and were selected for full-text review. Despite differences in design, quality, and population characteristics, most studies reported an increase in bacterial diversity and richness in tobacco users. The most notable bacterial taxa enriched in users were and at the phylum level and , , and at the genus level. At the functional level, more similarities could be noted; and were increased in tobacco users compared to non-users. Most of the studies were of good quality on the NOS scale.
CONCLUSION
Tobacco smoking influences oral microbial community harmony, and it shows a definitive shift towards a proinflammatory milieu. Heterogeneities were detected due to sampling and other methodological differences, emphasizing the need for greater quality research using standardized methods and reporting.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
CRD42022340151.
PubMed: 38445094
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1310334 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity May 2024Gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with the brain through the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems of the gut. In our preliminary study, the fecal microbiota...
Gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with the brain through the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems of the gut. In our preliminary study, the fecal microbiota of volunteers with mild cognitive impairment (Fmci) exhibited a higher abundance of Escherichia fergusonii (NK2001), Veillonella infantium (NK2002), and Enterococcus faecium (NK2003) populations compared with those of healthy volunteers. Therefore, we examined the effects of Fmci, NK2001 (gram-negative), NK2002 (gram-negative-like), and NK2003 (gram-positive) on cognitive impairment-like behavior, neuroinflammation, and colitis in mice with or without antibiotics. Fmci transplantation increased cognitive impairment-like behavior, hippocampal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression, and the size of toll-like receptor (TLR)4Iba1, TLR2Iba1, and NF-κBIba1 cell populations independent of antibiotic treatment. Oral gavage of NK2001, NK2002, or NK2003, which induced TNF-α expression in Caco-2 cells, significantly increased cognitive impairment-like behavior and hippocampal TNF-α expression and Iba1-positive cell populations and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in mice. Celiac vagotomy significantly decreased NK2001- or NK2002-induced cognitive impairment-like behavior and hippocampal Iba1 cell population and TNF-α expression and increased NK2001- or NK2002-suppressed hippocampal BDNF expression. However, NK2003-induced cognitive impairment-like behavior and hippocampal Iba1 cell population and TNF-α expression were partially, but not significantly, attenuated by celiac vagotomy. Furthermore, celiac vagotomy did not affect NK2001-, NK2002-, or NK2003-induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the blood and feces and TNF-α expression and NF-κB-positive cell population in the colon. In conclusion, LPS-producing NK2001 and NK2002 and LPS-nonproducing NK2003 may induce NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation through the translocation of byproducts such as LPS and peptidoglycan into the brain through gut-blood/vagus nerve-brain and gut-blood-brain pathways, respectively, resulting in cognitive impairment.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; NF-kappa B; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Caco-2 Cells; Cognitive Dysfunction; Vagus Nerve; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Escherichia; Veillonella
PubMed: 38428648
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.031 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. However, there are few studies on gut microbiota of children with ASD in China, and...
BACKGROUND
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. However, there are few studies on gut microbiota of children with ASD in China, and there is a lack of consensus on the changes of bacterial species.
PURPOSE
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. However, there are few studies on gut microbiota of children with ASD in China, and there is a lack of consensus on the changes of bacterial species.
METHODS
We used 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze ASD children (2 to 12 years), HC (2 to 12 years).
RESULTS
Our findings showed that the α-diversity, composition, and relative abundance of gut microbiota in the ASD group were significantly different from those in the HC groups. Compared with the HC group, the α-diversity in the ASD group was significantly decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of g_Faecalibacterium, g_Blautia, g_Eubacterium_eligens_group, g_Parasutterella, g_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and g_Veillonella in ASD group was significantly increased than that in HC groups, while the relative abundance of g_Prevotella 9 and g_Agathobacter was significantly decreased than that in HC groups. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis showed that the microbial functional abnormalities in ASD patients were mainly concentrated in metabolic pathways related to fatty acid, amino acid metabolism and aromatic compound metabolism, and were partially involved in neurotransmitter metabolism.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed the characteristics of gut microbiota of Chinese children with ASD and provided further evidence of gut microbial dysbiosis in ASD.
PubMed: 38420215
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1326870 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024Nitrate (NO) has been suggested as a prebiotic for oral health. Evidence indicates dietary nitrate and nitrate supplements can increase the proportion of bacterial... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nitrate (NO) has been suggested as a prebiotic for oral health. Evidence indicates dietary nitrate and nitrate supplements can increase the proportion of bacterial genera associated with positive oral health whilst reducing bacteria implicated in oral disease(s). In contrast, chlorhexidine-containing mouthwashes, which are commonly used to treat oral infections, promote dysbiosis of the natural microflora and may induce antimicrobial resistance.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken, surrounding the effects of nitrate on the oral microbiota.
RESULTS
Overall, = 12 and studies found acute and chronic nitrate exposure increased (representatives of) health-associated and (67% and 58% of studies, respectively) whilst reducing periodontal disease-associated (33%). Additionally, caries-associated and decreased (25% for both genera). Nitrate also altered oral microbiome metabolism, causing an increase in pH levels ( = 5), which is beneficial to limit caries development. Secondary findings highlighted the benefits of nitrate for systemic health ( = 5).
CONCLUSIONS
More clinical trials are required to confirm the impact of nitrate on oral communities. However, these findings support the hypothesis that nitrate could be used as an oral health prebiotic. Future studies should investigate whether chlorhexidine-containing mouthwashes could be replaced or complemented by a nitrate-rich diet or nitrate supplementation.
PubMed: 38420038
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2322228